Ominous Parallels (44 page)

9
The Second Treatise of Government,
ed. T.P. Peardon (Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, 1952), p. 15. This passage and others from Locke are quoted by Samuel Adams in
Report of the Committee.

10
Writings, op. cit.,
III,
318. The Federalist Papers,
ed. C. Rossiter (New York, New American Library, 1961), No. 10, p. 81.

11
Robert C. Whittemore,
Makers of the American Mind
(New York, Morrow, 1964), pp. 131-32; quoting Adams, “Defence of the Constitution.”

12
Quoted in Isabel Paterson,
The God of the Machine
(New York, Putnam’s, 1943), p. 292.

13
Lectures on Law
(1790-91); in
Documents in the History of American Philosophy,
ed. M. White (New York, Oxford U.P., 1972), pp. 93, 83, 92, 83.

14
Letters to Benjamin Rush (April 21, 1803) and Thomas Law (June 13, 1814); in
American Thought Before 1900,
ed. P. Kurtz (New York, Macmillan, 1966), pp. 157-58, 160-61.

15
Franklin quoted in Whittemore,
op. cit.
, p. 79.

16
A History of American Philosophy
(2nd ed., New York, Columbia U.P., 1963), p. 30.

Chapter Six

1
George Ripley, book review in The Christian Examiner (Jan. 1833); White, op. cit., pp. 137, 124. The
Philosophy
of Loyalty (New York, 1908); Kurtz, op. cit., pp. 366, 373.

2
Blau,
op. cit.,
p. 123; quoting Emerson, “Politics,” in
Essays, Second Series
(Boston, 1895). Royce quoted by Schneider,
op. cit.,
p. 423. Creighton,
Studies in Speculative Philosophy
(New York, Macmillan, 1925), pp. 49- 50.

3
Schneider,
op. cit
., pp. 380, 379; quoting Laurens Perseus Hickok,
Moral Science
(Schenectady, N.Y., 1853).
Ibid.
, p. 167; quoting Denton J. Snider,
Social
Institutions (St. Louis, 1901). Whittemore,
op. cit
., pp. 281-82; quoting Snider,
The State, specially the American State, Psychologically Treated.
Edward R. Lewis,
A History of American Political Thought from the Civil War to the World
War (New York, Macmillan, 1937), p. 187; quoting John W. Burgess.

4
Mill’s Ethical Writings,
ed. J.B. Schneewind (New York, Collier, 1965);
Utilitarianism,
pp. 291, 290.

5
Sidney Fine,
Laissez Faire and the General-Welfare State
(Ann Arbor, U. of Michigan P., 1964), p. 54. The economist quoted is Edward Atkinson,
The Industrial Progress of the Nation
(New York, 1890).

6
The Principles of Ethics
(2 vols., New York, D. Appleton, 1893), II, 433.

7
Ibid.,
I, 243, 256.

8
Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy
(Cambridge, Riverside P., 1902); Kurtz, op.
cit.,
p. 390.

9
Fine, op. cit., p. 88; quoting Sumner, “Laissez Faire,” in
Essays,
ed. A.G. Keller and M.R. Davie (New Haven, 1934).
Folkways
(Ginn & Co., 1907); in
Problems of Ethics,
ed. R.E. Dewey et
al.
(New York, Macmillan, 1961), p. 31.

10
Fine,
op. cit.,
p. 44; quoting Edward Livingston Youmans speaking to Henry George.

11
Fine,
op. cit.,
p. 194; quoting George D. Herron, “The Message of Jesus to Men of Wealth”
(Christian Union,
Dec. 11, 1890).
Ibid.,
p. 173; quoting a letter from Josiah .Strong to Richard T. Ely (Aug. 8, 1889).
Ibid.,
p. 174; quoting Lyman Abbott,
Reminiscences
(Boston, 1915).
Ibid.,
p. 182; quoting Abbott, “Christianity versus Socialism”
(North American Review,
April 1889).

12
The Quest for Certainty
(New York, Putnam‘s, 1960), pp. 44, 137.

13
Ibid.,
p. 23,
passim. Cf.
Dewey,
Logic: The Theory of Inquiry
(New York, Holt, 1938), pp. 104ff.

14
The first and third quotes are from
Reconstruction in Philosophy;
quoted in Brand Blanshard,
The Nature of Thought
(2 vols., New York, Macmillan, 1939), I, 347. The second quote is from
Essays in Experimental Logic
(New York, Dover, n.d.), p. 310.

15
The Quest for Certainty,
p. 276.

16
Castell,
op. cit.,
“The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life,” pp. 73, 77.

17
Liberalism and Social Action
(New York, Capricorn, 1963), p. 12.

18
Ibid.,
pp. 4-5, 32.
Philosophy and Civilization
(New York, Minton, Balch, 1931), pp. 322f. “Authority and Social Change” (1936); in Ebenstein,
Modern Political Thought,
p. 649.

19
Liberalism and Social Action,
pp. 65, 67.
Individualism Old and New
(New York, Capricorn, 1962), pp. 75, 119, 95, 119.

20
The School and Society
(Chicago, U. of Chicago P., 1956), pp. 104, 101, 100.

21
Ibid.,
pp. 99, 16, 91, 29. The second excerpt (“to share in the social consciousness”) comes from
My Pedagogic Creed
(New York, 1897); quoted in Fine,
op cit.,
p. 288.

22
The School and Society,
p. 15.

Chapter Seven

1
Pinson,
op. cit.,
p. 358; quoting a resolution passed by a workers’ meeting called by the Bavarian Majority Socialists and the trade unions (Munich, Nov. 14, 1918).

2
Ibid.,
pp. 201, 203; quoting an address by Lassalle to the court (April 12, 1862).

3
Ibid.,
p. 458.
Seeds of Modern Drama,
ed. N. Houghton (3 vols., New York, Dell, 1963);
The Weavers,
trans. H. Frenz and M. Waggoner, III, 254, 281, 283-84, 320.

4
Pinson, op. cit., p. 217; quoting Bebel,
Unsere Ziele
(10th ed., Berlin, 1893).

5
Ibid.,
p. 359; quoting a program submitted by the new provisional government of Bavaria (Nov. 15, 1918).

6
Luther’s statements are quoted by Walter Kaufmann,
The Faith of a Heretic
(Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1963), p. 75.

7
Von Mises,
op. cit.,
p. 158. Gustav Stolper,
The German Economy,
trans. T. Stolper (New York, Harcourt, Brace & World, 1967), pp. 43-44.

8
Electoral figures for the Center party include the votes of the Bavarian People’s party, a Catholic splinter group with views similar to those of the Center.

9
Rudolf Virchow, Jan. 17, 1873; quoted in Pinson,
op
.
cit.,
p. 193.

10
Erich Eyck, A
History of the Weimar Republic,
trans H.P. Hanson and R.G.L. Waite (2 vols., Cambridge, Harvard U.P., 1967), II, 92.

11
Ibid.,
I, 59; quoting Adolf Gröber (Feb. 13, 1919).

12
Op. cit.,
p. 181.

13
Cf. ibid., p.
184.

14
Ibid., p. 182; quoting Bishop Wilhelm Emanuel von Ketteler, “The Great Social Questions of the Present Day” (sermons delivered in Frankfurt, 1848).

15
Ibid.,
p. 394.

16
Quoted in Eyck,
op. cit.,
I, 76.

17
The Abuse of Learning
(New York, Macmillan, 1948), p. 133.

18
Ibid.,
pp. 137, 139.

19
Unless otherwise identified, translations of the Weimar Constitution are from Heinrich Oppenheimer,
The Constitution of the German Republic
(London, Stevens & Sons, 1923), Appendix. Articles 7, 9, 119, 144; pp. 220- 22, 246, 251.

20
Articles 111, 117, 118, 120, 114; pp. 244-46.

21
Article 48, p. 230.

22
Article 151, p. 253.

23
Articles 153, 155, 156, 164, 162; pp. 253-56. The translation “in the interests of collectivism” is taken from S. William Halperin,
Germany Tried Democracy
(New York, Norton, 1965), p. 159.

24
Article 163, p. 256.

25
Pinson, op. cit., p. 202; quoting a letter of Lassalle to Bismarck (June 8, 1863).

26
Ibid.,
p. 379. The first and third quotes are from a statement to a Berlin meeting of the Independent Socialists (Dec. 1918). The second is from a statement of Nov. 20, 1918.

27
Ibid.,
p. 370; quoting Philipp Scheidemann at the first congress of the Workers’ and Soldiers’ Councils (Dec. 1918).

28
Ibid.,
p. 364; quoting from
Vorwärts,
Dec. 27, 1918.

29
Cf. ibid.,
pp. 381-86.

30
Robert G.L. Waite,
Vanguard of Nazism
(New York, Norton, 1969), p. 269; quoting Ernst von Salomon,
Die Geächteten
(Berlin, 1930).

31
Ibid.,
p. 164; quoting von Salomon,
Die Geächteten. Ibid.,
p. 56; quoting von Salomon, “Der verlorene Haufe.”

32
Ibid.,
pp. 42-43. The phrase “peace and money-grabbing” is taken from
ibid.,
p. 43; quoting Edgar Jung, “Die Tragik der Kriegsgeneration.”
Ibid.,
p. 209; quoting Röhm,
Geschichte eines Hochverräters
(7th ed., Munich, 1934).

33
Op. cit.,
p. 198.

Chapter Eight

1
Hilton Kramer, “E.L. Kirchner: Art vs. Life,”
The New York Times,
April 6, 1969.

2
Fifteen Famous European Plays,
ed. B.A. Cerf and V.H. Cartnell (New York, Random House, 1943);
From Morn to Midnight,
p. 506.

3
Pinson,
op. cit.,
p. 462; quoting
Preussentum und Sozialismus
(1920).

4
Shirer, op. cit., p. 102.

5
This summary of Klages’s views is by Frederick Wyatt and Hans Lukas Teuber, “German Psychology Under the Nazi System: 1933-1940,”
Psychological Review,
Vol. LI (1944), pp. 230-31.

6
Kandinsky quoted in T.H. Robsjohn-Gibbings,
Mona Lisa’s Mustache
(New York, Knopf, 1947), p. 168. Klee quoted in Laqueur,
op.
cit., p. 174.

7
Harold C. Schonberg,
The Lives of the Great Composers
(New York, Norton, 1970), p. 568; quoting Schoenberg,
Style and Idea
(New York, 1950). Laqueur,
op. cit.,
p. 159; quoting a letter to Paul Bekker.

8
Quoted in Robsjohn-Gibbings,
op. cit.,
p. 160.

9
Pinson, op. cit., p. 463; quoting
Preussentum und Sozialismus.

10
Peter Gay,
Weimar Culture
(New York, Harper & Row, 1970), p. 86; quoting
Preussentum und Sozialismus.

11
Walter Laqueur,
Young Germany
(New York, Basic Books, 1962); Introduction by R.H.S. Crossman, p. xviii. The views and slogans of the youth movement are presented in some detail in this book by Laqueur.

12
Waite,
op. cit.,
p. 20. The sentence Waite quotes is from Howard Becker,
German Youth: Bond or Free
(London, 1946).

13
R.H. Samuel and R. Hinton Thomas,
Education and Society in Modern Germany
(London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1949), p. 141; quoting Robert von Erdberg, “Ten Commandments” for Folk high schools in Prussia (1919). Thomas Alexander and Beryl Parker,
The New Education in the German Republic
(New York, John Day, 1929), p. 172. Lichtwark quoted in
ibid.,
p. 102.