Morgoth's Ring (15 page)

$37 That the Elves awoke at the first shining of the Sickle of the Gods is told in AV 2 (V.111); 'at the opening of the first stars'

QS 520.

$38 The reference to the site of Kuivienen is interesting. Of this no more is said in the other tradition than that it lay 'in the East of the Middle-earth' (QS $20, preserved throughout the later texts). In AAm Kuivienen lay N.E. of Endon, the midmost point.

In the list of names accompanying the Ambarkanta (IV.241) appears 'ambar-endya or Middle Earth of which Endor is the midmost point', and Endor is written over the centre of the middle-land in the Ambarkanta diagrams (IV.243, 245) - on the map (IV.248 - 9) it is marked as a point: 'Endor Earth-middle', and here it was corrected to Endon, the form in the present passage of AAm, though later changed back again to Endor (so also on the typescript of AAm my father corrected Endon to Endor here and in $41, p. 80). See IV.254 - 5.

In AAm Kuivienen was 'a bay in the Inland Sea of Helkar'; in QS it is 'the starlit mere' (so also in Q), which was retained in the later texts. On the Ambarkanta map it is shown to the N.E.

of Endor (Endon), and is marked at the eastern side of the Sea of Helkar; in the text it is 'beside the waters of Helkar' (IV.239). It is not clear whether these various statements show one and the same conception. Here in AAm is the first reference to the Sea of Helkar (formed after the fall of the northern Lamp) since the Ambarkanta - in which text the Lamp itself was called Helkar; see IV.256.

$39 Cf. QS $20: 'For a while [Orome] abode with them, and taught them the language of the Gods, from whence afterwards they made the fair Elvish speech', and the Lhammas (V.168): 'of

[Orome] they learned after their capacity the speech of the Valar; and all the tongues that have been derived thence may be called Oromian or Quendian'. It is now said in AAm that the Quendi had achieved language, and that they gave names 'to all things that they perceived', before ever Orome came upon them (which was 335 Years of the Sun since their awakening). Cf.

Gilfanon's Tale in The Book of Lost Tales (I.232): 'Now the Eldar or Qendi had the gift of speech direct from Iluvatar'.

$40 This paragraph was interpolated into the manuscript; it appears in the typescript as typed. The placing of Melian's departure at this time derives from the Annals of Valinor (IV.264, V.111); in QS ($31) it is said that she 'often strayed from Valinor on long journey into the Hither Lands'. The meaning of the words of AAm, that Melian, 'desiring to look upon the stars, went up upon Taniquetil', is presumably that she climbed on Taniquetil's eastern slopes, where the light of the Trees was hidden.

$41 As noted in IV.256, the statement that Orome turned north by the shores of Helkar and passed under the shadows of the Orokarni, the Mountains of the East' agrees perfectly with the Ambarkanta map (IV.249; on the map the Orokarni are named Red Mountains).

'He heard afar off many voices singing': cf. QS $20: 'But Orome came upon them ... while they dwelt yet silent beside the starlit mere, Kuivienen'. See under $39 above.

$42 QS ($20) has here the extraordinary statement that 'Orome looking upon the Elves was filled with love and wonder; for their coming was not in the Music of the Ainur, and was hidden in the secret thought of Iluvatar'; see my discussion of this passage, V.216 - 17.

On the history of the meaning of the name Eldar see the references to this given under the entry Eldar in the Index to Vol.V.

($42 - 5 The origin of the Orcs. The first appearance of the idea that their origin was connected with the Elves is in QS $18, and later in QS ($62) it is said that when Morgoth returned to Middle-earth after the destruction of the Trees he brought into being the race of the Orcs, and they grew and multiplied in the bowels of the earth. These Orcs Morgoth made in envy and mockery of the Elves, and they were made of stone, but their hearts of hatred.

(For my father's changing views concerning the time of the origin of the Orcs in the chronology of the Elder Days see IV.314, V.238.) In the interpolation into the manuscript of AAm and its subsequent rewriting and extension (pp. 72 - 4) there appears, together with the story of the Rider who was rumoured to carry off the Quendi if they strayed, the theory that Melkor bred the Orcs (here called Orkor) 'in envy and mockery of the Eldar' from Quendi enslaved in the east of Middle-earth before ever Orome came upon them. It is explicit ($45) that Melkor could make nothing that had life of its own since his rebellion; but this is in sharp contradiction to $30, where it is said that 'in Utumno he wrought the race of demons whom the Elves after named the Balrogs'. I do not think that the interpolation in which the former of these statements appears was made after any very long interval: my father's views on this subject seem to have been changing swiftly, and a different account of the origin of the Balrogs is found in the soon abandoned typescript which I have called AAm* (see p. 79, $30). The retention of the statement in $30, despite its contradiction to that in $45, was no doubt due to oversight, and both appear in the main typescript of AAm. - See further on the question of the origin of the Orcs p. 123, $127, and pp. 408 ff.

$47 The words 'For the first time, therefore, the Valar assailed Melkor, not he the Valar' show that the story in the Ainulindale that the Valar came against him out of Valinor after the fall of the Lamps had been abandoned (p. 61, $22).

$49 On the changes in the Earth at the time of the Great War of the Gods as described in the Ambarkanta see IV.239. While the two texts are not necessarily contradictory, it is curious that it should be said in AAm that at this time 'the Great Sea that sundered [Middle-earth] from Aman grew wide and deep'; for in the Ambarkanta (ibid., and see the map, IV.249) the much greater width of the Western Sea than that of the Eastern came about at the time of the foundation of Valinor:

For their further protection the Valar thrust away Middle-earth at the centre and crowded it eastward, so that it was bended, and the great sea of the West is very wide in the middle, the widest of all waters of the Farth. The shape of the Earth in the East was much like that in the West, save for the narrowing of the Eastern Sea, and the thrusting of the land thither.

$50 It is notable that the Balrogs were still at this time, when The Lord of the Rings had been completed, conceived to have existed in very large numbers (Melkor sent forth 'a host of Balrogs'); see p. 80, $50.

*

The typescript text (AAm*) which my father began but soon abandoned continues for a little way beyond the point reached in the first section (p. 68). Significant differences from AAm are as follows: $30 But Melkor dwelt in Utumno, and he did not sleep, but watched and laboured; and whatsoever good Yavanna worked in the lands he undid if he could, and the evil things that he had perverted walked far abroad, and the dark and slumbering woods were haunted by monsters and shapes of dread.

And in Utumno he multiplied the race of the evil spirits that followed him, the Umaiar, of whom the chief were those demons whom the Elves afterwards named the Balrogath. But they did not yet come forth from the gates of Utumno because of their fear of Orome.

The latter part of this passage is of much interest as showing a marked development from the idea that Melkor 'made' the Balrogs at this time (see p. 78). They now become 'evil spirits (Umaiar) that followed him' - but he could 'multiply' them. The term Umaiar, not met before, stands to Maiar as Uvanimor to Vanimor (see IV.293, footnote).

$31 ... and there would go a-hunting under the stars. He had great love of horses and of hounds, but all beasts were in his thought, and he hunted only the monsters and fell creatures of Melkor. If he descried them afar or his great hounds got wind of them, then his white horse, Nahar, shone like silver as it ran through the shadows, and the sleeping earth trembled at the beat of his golden hooves. And at the mort Orome would blow his great horn, until the mountains shook...

mort: the horn-call blown at the kill.

... and trusting ever to his slaves to do his evil work. [his slaves and creatures, AAm]

$32 It came to pass that Manwe summoned the Valar to council, for they were troubled by the tidings that Yavanna and Orome brought from the Outer Lands, saying that if Melkor were left longer to work his will unhindered, all Middle-earth would fall into ruin irretrievable; and Manwe knew moreover that the coming of the Children of Iluvatar was now drawing near, although the very hour and place of their coming was known only to Iluvatar himself. And Manwe spoke of this to the Valar; and Yavanna besought him to give light to Middle-earth, for the stay of the evils of Melkor and the comfort of the Children; and

Here the typescript AAm* ends, at the foot of a page. Once again, what began as a copy was changing with gathering speed into a new version. But I see no reason to think that any more of it ever existed.

*

1

It remains to record a very few late scribbled changes and notes made on one or other copy of the typescript of the whole text.

$$38, 41 Endon > Endor (see p. 76, $38).

$42 'and named them Eldar, the people of the stars' > 'and called them the people of the stars'. In the margin my father wrote (i.e.

with reference to the original text): 'but he could not - [?as this]

was later Quenya.'

$43 Against the middle portion of this paragraph is a note in the margin: 'Alter this. Orcs are not Elvish.' See pp. 408 ff.

$50 'a host of Balrogs, the last of his servants that remained' ) 'his Balrogs, the last of his servants that remained faithful to him'. In the margin my father wrote: 'There should not he supposed more than say 3 or at most 7 ever existed.' See p. ?9, $50.

Third section of the Annals of Aman.

1100.

The Chaining of Melkor.

$51 Then the Valar returned to the Land of Aman, and Melkor was led captive, bound hand and foot and blindfold; and he was brought to the Ring of Doom. There he lay upon his face before the feet of Manwe, and he sued for pardon and freedom, recalling his kinship with Manwe. But his prayer was denied, and it is said that in that hour the Valar would fain have put him to death. But death none can deal to any of the race of the Valar, neither can any, save Eru only, remove them from Ea, the World that is, be they willing or unwilling. Therefore Manwe cast Melkor into prison, and he was shut in the fastness of Mandos, whence none can escape.

$52 And the Valar doomed Melkor there to abide for three ages of Valinor, ere he should come forth again to be tried by his peers, and sue once more for terms of pardon. And this was done, and peace returned to the kingdom of Arda; and this was the Noontide of the Blessed Realm. Yet many evil things yet lingered in Middle-earth that had fled away from the wrath of the Lords of the West, or lay hidden in the deeps of the earth.

For the vaults of Utumno were many, and hidden with deceit, and not all were discovered by the Valar.

1101.

$53 Now the Valar sat again in council and debated what they should do for the comfort and guidance of the Children of Iluvatar. And at length, because of the great love that the Valar had for the Quendi, they sent a summons to them, bidding them to remove and dwell in bliss in Aman and in the Light of the Trees. And Orome bore the message of the Valar to Kuivienen.

1102.

$54 The Quendi were dismayed by the summons of the Valar, and they were unwilling to depart from Middle-earth.

Therefore Orome was sent again to them, and he chose from among them ambassadors who should go to Valinor and speak for their people. And three only of the chieftains of the Quendi were willing to adventure the journey: Ingwe, Finwe, and Elwe, who afterward were kings.

$55 The three Elf-lords were brought, therefore, to Valmar, and there spoke with Manwe and the Valar; and they were filled with awe, but the beauty and splendour of the land of Valinor overcame their fear, and they desired the Light of the Trees.

1104.

$56 And after they had dwelt in Valinor a while, Orome brought them back to Kuivienen, and they spoke before their people and counselled them to heed the summons of the Valar and remove into the West.

1105.

$57 Then befell the first sundering of the Elvenfolk. For the kindred of Ingwe, and the most part of the kindreds of Finwe and Olwe, were swayed by the words of their lords, and were willing to depart and follow Orome. And these were known ever after as the Eldar, by the name that Orome gave to them in their own tongue. But the kindreds of Morwe and Nurwe were unwilling and refused the summons, preferring the starlight and the wide spaces of the Earth to the rumour of the Trees. Now these dwelt furthest from the waters of Kuivienen, and wandered in the hills, and they had not seen Orome at his first coming, and of the Valar they knew no more than shapes and rumours of wrath and power as they marched to war. And mayhap the lies of Melkor concerning Orome and Nahar (that above were recalled) lived still among them, so that they feared him as a demon that would devour them.(1) These are the Avari, the Unwilling, and they were sundered in that time from the Eldar, and met never again until many ages were past.