Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century (193 page)

social welfare
see
welfare state

socialism, 163, 287–8, 292–3, 378, 518, 530

socialist realism, 321–3

sociology: decline of, 763–4, 766–7; and German emigrants, 305–6; in USA, 212–15, 281–2, 432–49;
see also,
Herbert Spencer; C. Wright Mills; Irving Louis Horowitz in Index of People, Names and Places

solidarity (philosophy), 670–1

Sonderbund (Cologne, 1912), 127–8

space travel, 481–4, 566–9, 573, 667

spectroscopy, 134, 479

speech
see
language

spiral nebulae, 265–6

Sprechgesang
(opera), 58

Sputniks
, 481–2, 484, 566, 736

stagflation, 648

Stalinism: and French intellectuals, 412–13; and genetics, 475; and Nazism, 436; persecution of Russian intellectuals, 315–25; socialist opposition to, 472–3;
see also
Josef

Stalin in Index of Names, People and Places

Stanford-Binet test
see
Intelligence Quotient

stars
see
stellar evolution

‘steady state’ theory, 508

stellar evolution, 573

stream-of-consciousness, 28

string theory, 739, 741, 743–5, 756

stromatolites, 685

structuralism, 629–30, 632, 634

students: rebellion, 536–7;
see also
Youth

suburbia: and social life, 438

Sunday Circle (Lukács Circle, Budapest), 180–3

superstring revolution, 743–5

Surrealism, 164, 203–5, 510

survival of the fittest, 41–3;
see also
evolution

symbolic logic, 102

Synanon, 598

syphilis, 103–7

technology: and individual control, 4; Mumford on, 288

technostructure (corporations), 590–1

tectonic plates (continental), 554

television, 211, 219, 546–8, 757

temperament (intellectual), 75–6

Theatre of the Absurd, 513

Theatre of Cruelty, 641

thelyplasm, 33

theology:
see
religion; Vatican; individual theologians in Index of Names, People and Places

theoretical physics, 93

Theory of Everything, 742–3, 764

theosophy, 64

therapeutic nihilism, 12, 27–8, 30

therapy-religions, 598–601

Thermodynamics, Laws of, 21–2, 32

Third World cultures: teaching of in USA, 729–32

thorium, 91

thymine, 480

time: real and physics, 66

Time Zero (singularity), 570–1

totalitarianism, 435–6, 473

tradition-directed people, 433

tranquilisers, 501, 597

transcendent pictures, 63

transistors, 476–7

transmission control protocols (TCPs), 737–8

transplants (organ), 659–60

transuranic elements, 394, 397

tree rings
see
dendrochronology

tripartite division (Freudian), 13

tuberculosis (consumption), 103–5, 662

turbines: in jet engines, 269

U-Project (Germany), 400

uncertainty principle, 261

unconscious, the, 13, 139–41, 237, 626, 629, 664–5, 758; collective, 140–1;
see also
Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung in Index of Names, People and Places

underclass, 699;
see also
poverty

unemployment: and corporate industrial system, 691; eliminated in Nazi Germany, 341, 383; post-war fluctuations, 390; of US blacks, 523; World War II affects, 342, 387

universalism, 27

universe: beginning of, 508, 569–71, 740–1, 751, 755; expanding, 264–6, 755

universities: and creative ideas, 767; criticisms of in USA, 720–2, 729–32; expansion, 212, 503, 760; increased in Britain, 537; influence in Germany of, 26, 74; internet in, 739; modern development, 73–5, 78, 281; and technological innovation, 650;
see also
countries and individual institutions in Index of Names, People and Places

uranium, 91, 393–6, 398–400

US minorities, racial (negroes; blacks; Afro-Americans): at Black Mountain College, 355; and colonialism, 527; cultural influence on artists, 60; economic/social deprivation, 653–5; education of, 533–4, 655; emancipation and integration, 519; and ‘Harlem Renaissance’, 215–17, 458; and intelligence, 206, 526, 533–5; and Johnson’s Great Society, 522–3; and legal equality, 644–5; and literary canon, 726–8; music and literature, 458–61, 528–9, 705; origins, 556–7; sporting prowess, 329; and US civil rights movement and direct action, 391, 523–4, 528–9, 644; and US racial attitudes, 108–12, 117, 124, 198, 206, 217, 282–3, 390–1, 458, 526, 654–5; war service, 390; women, 705

venereal diseases, 104–5

vernalization, 319–20

viruses: and medical research, 660–1

vitamins, 180

welfare state, 383–5, 444

West: dominance in modernist ideas, 760–2

white dwarfs, 572–3

will to power, 40

women: black, 705; and Christian belief, 604; de Beauvoir on, 422–3; liberation movement, 529–32; in non-Western cultures, 761; portrayed by Klimt, 35; in US literature, 705;
see also
feminism

work and workplace, 437–8, 440, 443, 447

World War I (1914–18): conduct and effects, 144–52, 156–8, 168; literary response to, 186–201; and poetry, 152–6

World War II (1939–45): effect on economies, 342, 388–90; effect on political allegiances, 386; effect on science, 375; outbreak, 361; progress of, 367, 386

World Wide Web, 738

wormholes (in space), 741

X-ray spectroscopy, 479

X-rays, 49, 479

youth: and counterculture, 595; and Komsomol, 293, 317; and Red Guards, 539–40
see also
students

Zen, 597

Zionism, 45;
see also
Jews

PETER WATSON
was educated at the universities of Durham, London, and Rome. He has written for the
Sunday Times,
the
Times,
the
New York Times,
the
Observer,
and the
Spectator,
and is the author of
War on the Mind, Wisdom and Strength, The Caravaggio Conspiracy,
and other books. He lives in London.

Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.

“A remarkable narrative history of all the significant intellectual advances that made the century so glorious, so tragic, so revolutionary, so exciting…. So lucid and engaging that even the most complex and arcane thoughts and subjects are inviting.”

—
Indianapolis Times

“Teeming with stories and ideas, alive with excitement of the time. He summarizes accurately, elegantly, and enthusiastically the lives and thoughts of hundreds of impactful thinkers in almost every discipline. He makes archaeology, history, and economics as scintillating as poetry, music, and astral theory. His inexhaustible interest is infectious. His all-devouring appetite stimulates the reader’s hunger for more material…. The result is breathtakingly entertaining, endlessly instructive, irresistibly enjoyable.”

—Felipe Fernandez-Armstrong,
Sunday Times

“It is lively, opinionated, and written with verve. Watson takes the reader on a narrative tour of the intellectual, scientific, and artistic landmarks—some familiar, some unfamiliar—of the last century. Whether read consecutively, dipped into on occasion, or used as a reference work,
The Modern Mind
is impressive in both its range and ambition.”

—Bruce Mazlish, professor of history, MIT

“Chronicles this contentious century with a panoramic overview of the history of ideas in the twentieth century. Watson provides an evenhanded account of the development of ideas in disciplines ranging from philosophy and religion to the social sciences, economics, art, literature, history, science, and film.”

—
Christian Science Monitor

“Watson has achieved the near-impossible: a concise reference that is also intellectually compelling—and a fascinating read.”

—
Kirkus Reviews

“While this work is reminiscent of Paul Johnson’s
Modern Times,
Watson’s scope goes far beyond politics and history. This book will be read and consulted for many years.”

—
Library Journal