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36.
Fenichell, Op.
cit.,
page 91.

37.
Bijker, Op.
cit.,
pages 159–160.

38.
See also Encyclopaedia Britannica, Op. cit., page 40D for further uses.

39.
Bijker,
Op. cit.,
page 166.

40.
Caroline Moorehead,
Bertrand Russell: A Life,
London: Sinclair Stevenson, 1992, page 2.

41.
See: Ray Monk,
Bertrand Russell, The Spirit of Solitude,
London: Vintage, 1997, pages 667ff, for a bibliographical discussion of Russell’s works.

42.
Moorehead, Op.
cit.,
page 335.

43.
Ibid.,
page 35.

44.
Ibid.,
pages 46ff.

45.
Ronald W. Clark,
The Life of Bertrand Russell,
London: Penguin, 1978, page 43. Moorehead,
Op. cit.,
page 49.

46.
Moorehead, Op.
cit.,
pages 96ff.

47.
Ibid.,
pages 97–100.

48.
Clark,
Bertrand Russell and His World,
London: Thames & Hudson, 1981, page 28; See also Monk,
Op. cit.,
page 153.

49.
Monk, Op.
cit.,
pages 129ff and
passim;
Moorehead,
Op. cit.,
page 94.

50.
Moorehead,
Op. cit.,
page 96.

51.
Bertrand Russell, ‘Whitehead and
Principia Mathematica’, Mind,
volume lvii, No. 226, April 1948, pages 137–138.

52.
Bertrand Russell,
The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 1872–1914,
London: George Allen & Unwin, 1967, page 152.

53.
Moorehead, Op.
cit.,
pages 99ff.

54.
Monk, Op.
cit.,
page 192.

55.
Ibid.,
page 193.

56.
Ibid.,
page 191.

57.
Moorehead, Op.
cit.,
page 101.

58.
Ibid.,
page 102.

59.
Monk,
Op. cit.,
page 193.

60.
Ibid.,
page 195.

61.
M. Weatherall, In Search of a Cure: A History of Pharmaceutical Discovery, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990, page 83.

62.
Ibid.,
pages 84–85.

63.
Ibid.,
page 86.

64.
Claude Quétel,
Le Mal de Naples: histoire de la syphilis,
Paris: Editions Seghers, 1986; translated as
History of Syphilis,
London: Polity Press in association with Basil Blackwell, 1990, pages 2ff.

65.
Allan M. Brandt, No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States since 1880, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985, page 23.

66.
Quétel, Op. cit., page 149.

67.
Ibid.,
page 146.

68.
Ibid.,
page 152.

69.
Ibid.,
pages 157–158.

70.
Martha Marquardt,
Paul Ehrlich,
London: Heinemann, 1949, page 163. Brandt, Op.
cit.,
page 40.

71.
Quétel, Op.
cit.,
page 141.

72.
Marquardt,
Op. cit.,
page 28.

73.
Ibid.,
pages 86ff.

74.
Ibid.,
page 160.

75.
Ibid.,
pages 163 ff

76.
Ibid.,
page 168.

77.
Ibid.,
pages 175–176.

78.
Sigmund Freud,
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality,
1905, now available as part of volume VII of the
Collected Works
(see chapter I, note I,
supra),
pages 20–
2
1
n.

CHAPTER 7: LADDERS OF BLOOD

1.
David Levering Lewis,
W. E. B. Du Bois: A Biography of a Race,
New York: Holt, 1993, page 392

2.
Ibid.,
pages 387–389.

3.
Manning Marable, W. E. B. Du Bois: Black Radical Democrat, Boston: Twayne, 1986, page 98.

4.
Lewis,
Op. cit.,
page 393.

5.
Marable,
Op. cit.,
pages 52ff.

6.
Lewis,
Op. cit.,
page 33.

7.
Marable,
Op. cit.,
page 49.

8.
Lewis,
Op. cit.,
pages 302–303.

9.
Ibid.,
page 316.

10.
Ibid.,
pages 387ff.

11.
Marable,
Op. cit.,
page 73.

12.
Lewis,
Op. cit.,
page 404.

13.
Ibid.,
page 406.

14.
Marable,
Op. cit.,
page 73.

15.
Lewis,
Op. cit.,
page 405.

16.
Everdell, The First Moderns, Op. cit., page 209.

17.
Ibid.,
pages 210 and 215–219.

18.
Ibid.,
page 217.

19.
Mike Hawkins, Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, Op. cit., pages 239–240.

20.
Ibid.,
pages 229–230.

21.
Kenneth M. Ludmerer,
Genetics and American Soaety,
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972, page 60.

22.
Ernst Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, Op. cit., pages 752ff.

23.
Bruce Wallace,
The Search for the Gene,
Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992, page 56.

24.
Mayr,
Op. cit.,
pages 750–751.

25.
Wallace,
Op. cit.,
pages 57–58; Mayr, Op.
cit.,
page 748.

26.
Peter J. Bowler, The Mendelian Revolution, Op. cit., page 132; Mayr, Op. cit., page 752.

27.
Mayr,
Op. cit.,
page 753.

28.
T. H. Morgan, A. H. Sturtevant, H. J. Muller and C. B. Bridges,
The Mechanism of Mendelian Inheritance,
New York: Henry Holt, 1915; see also Bowler, Op.
cit.,
page 134.

29.
Bowler, Op.
cit.,
page 144.

30.
Melville J. Herskovits,
Franz Boas: The Science of Man in the Making,
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953, page 17. For Boas’s political views and his dislike of the German political system, see: Douglas Cole,
Franz Boas: The Early Years 1858— 1906,
Vancouver/Toronto: Douglas & Mclntyre and the University of Washington Press, Washington and London, 1999, pages 278ff.

31.
Ludmerer,
Op. cit.,
page 25.

32.
Franz Boas,
The Mind of Primitive Man,
New York: Macmillan, 1911, pages 53fr for context.

33.
Ludmerer,
Op. cit.,
page 97.

34.
Franz Boas,
Op. cit.,
page 1.

35.
Boas, Op.
cit.,
pages 34ff.

36.
Ibid.,
pages 145ff.

37.
Ibid.,
pages 251ff.

38.
Ibid.,
page 278.

39.
Bertrand Flornoy,
Inca Adventure,
London: George Allen & Unwin, 1956, page 195.

40.
Hiram Bingham,
Lost City of the Incas,
London: Phoenix House, 1951, page 100.

41.
John Hemming,
The Conquest of the Incas,
London: Macmillan, 1970; paperback edition 1993, page 243.

42.
Bingham, Op.
cit.,
pages 50–52.

43.
Hemming, Op.
cit.,
pages 463–464.

44.
Ibid.,
page 464.

45.
Bingham, Op.
cit.,
page 141.

46.
Flornoy, Op.
cit.,
page 194.

47.
Bingham, Op.
cit.,
page 141.

48.
Hemming, Op.
cit.,
page 464.

49.
Bingham, Op.
cit.,
pages 142–143.

50.
Nigel Davies,
The Incas,
Niwot, Colorado: University of Colorado Press, 1995, page 9.

51.
Hemming, Op.
cit.,
page 469.

52.
Ibid.,
page 470.

53.
Bingham,
Op. cit.,
page 152. Hemming,
Op. cit.,
page 470.

54.
Hemming, Op.
cit.,
page 472

55.
David R. Oldroyd,
Thinking About the Earth,
London: The Athlone Press, 1996, page 250.

56.
See map in
ibid.,
page 251.

57.
George Gamow,
Biography of the Earth,
London: Macmillan, 1941, page 133.

58.
Oldroyd, Op.
cit.,
page 250.

59.
R. Gheyselinck,
The Restless Earth,
London: The Scientific Book Club, 1939, page 281. See map of geosyncline in Oldroyd,
Op. cit.,
page 257.

60.
Oldroyd, Op.
cit.,
pages 144 and 312 for other references.

61.
Gamow, Op.
cit.,
pages 2ff.

CHAPTER 8: VOLCANO

1.
Robert Frost,
A Boy’s Will,
verse 2, ‘The Trial by Existence’, 1913; in
Robert Frost: Collected Poems, Prose and Plays,
New York: The Library of America, 1995, page 28. Everdell, Op.
cit.,
where Chapter 21, ‘Annus Mirabilis’, is given to 1913.

2.
John Rewald, Cézanne and America: Dealers, Collectors, Artists and Critics, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989, page 175.

3.
Judith Zilczer,
The Noble Buyer: John Quinn, Patron of the Avant-Garde,
Washington, D.c.: Published for the Hirschhorn Museum by the Smithsonian Institution Press.

4.
Milton Brown,
The Story of the Armory Show,
New York: Abbeville Press, 1988, pages 107ff.

5.
Peter Watson,
From Manet to Manhattan: The Rise of the Modern Art Market,
London: Hutchinson, 1992; New York: Random House, 1992, pages 176ff.

6.
Rewald,
Op. cit.,
pages 166–168; Brown, Op.
cit.,
pages 64–73.

7.
Watson, Op.
cit.,
page 179.

8.
Brown, Op.
cit.,
pages 133ff.

9.
Ibid.,
page 143.

10.
Ibid.,
pages 119ff and 238–239.

11.
Roger Shattuck,
The Banquet Years, Op. at.,
pages 282–283.

12.
Marcel Adéma,
Apollinaire,
London: Heinemann, 1954, page 162.

13.
Ibid.,
pages 163–164; Everdell,
Op. cit.,
page 330.

14.
Adéma, Op.
cit.,
page 164.

15.
Everdell, The First Moderns, Op. cit., page 330.

16.
For an excellent introduction to Apollinaire, see: Shattuck,
The Banquet Years, Op. cit.,
chapters 9 and 10, pages 253–322.

17.
Schonberg, The Lives of the Great Composers, Op. cit., page 431.

18.
Everdell, Op.
cit.,
pages 329–330.

19.
Peter Watson,
Nureyev: A Biography,
London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1994, pages 87–88.

20.
Schonberg,
Op. cit.,
page 433.

21.
Ibid.

22.
Ibid.,
page 434.

23.
Ibid.

24.
Richard Buckle,
Diaghilev,
London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979, page 175.

25.
Schonberg, Op.
cit.,
page 430.

26.
Everdell,
Op. cit.,
page 331.

27.
Buckle,
Op. cit.,
page 251.

28.
Schonberg, Op.
cit.,
page 431; Buckle,
Op. cit.,
page 253.

29.
Schonberg, Op.
cit.,
page 431.

30.
Buckle, Op.
cit.,
page 254.

31.
Ibid.,
page 255.

32.
Everdell, Op.
cit.,
page 333.

33.
Henri Quittard,
Le Figaro,
31 May 1913; quoted in Everdell, Op.
cit.,
page 333. The reference to the ‘music subconscious’ is in Schonberg, Op.
cit.,
page 432.

34.
Everdell,
Op. cit.,
page 335.

35.
Clark,
Einstein, Op. at.,
page 199.

36.
White and Gribbin,
Einstein, Op. cit.,
pages 132–133.

37.
Clark,
Einstein, Op. cit.,
page 241.

38.
White and Gribbin, Op.
at.,
page 135.

39.
C. P. Snow,
The Physicists,
London: Macmillan, 1981, page 56.

40.
Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, Op. cit., page 69; Snow, Op. cit., page 58.

41.
Ruth Moore,
Niels Bohr: The Man and the Scientist,
London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1967, page 71. See also Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
pages 69–70.

42.
Rhodes,
Op. cit.,
pages 70ff.

43.
Moore, Op.
cit.,
page 59.

44.
Snow,
Op. cit.,
page 57.

45.
Ibid.,
page 58.

46.
David Luke, Introduction, in Thomas Mann,
Death in Venice and Other Stories,
translated and with an introduction by David Luke, London: Minerva, 1990, page ix.

47.
Ibid.,
page xxxv.

48.
Ronald Hayman,
Thomas Mann,
New York: Scribner, 1995, page 252.

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