Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality (103 page)

16 THE LEARNING CURVE

  
1
  AC: Interview with Sir Kenneth Stowe.

  
2
  Ibid.: Interview with Lord Armstrong.

  
3
  Ibid.

  
4
  CAC: DOHP/115, Sir Bryan Cartledge, pp. 37 and 40.

  
5
  Young,
One of Us
, p. 158.

  
6
  AC: Interview with Lord Burns.

  
7
  Ibid.: Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.

  
8
  CAC: DOHP/115, Sir Bryan Cartledge, pp. 38–39.

  
9
  
Daily Telegraph
, 30 December 2011.

10
  AC: Conversation with Ian Gow, December 1979.

11
  Ibid.: Interview with Sir Bernard Ingham.

12
  Ibid.

13
  AC: Interview with Lord Howell.

14
  Ibid.: Interview with Sir Bernard Ingham.

15
  Ibid.: Conversations with Ian Gow, 1980–1981.

16
  Ibid.: Conversation with Peter Bauer, December 1979.

17
  Ibid.: Interview with Lord Thomas.

18
  Ibid.

19
  Ibid.: Interview with Lord Armstrong.

20
  Ibid.: Interview with Sir Kenneth Stowe.

21
  Ibid.: Conversation with Arthur Martin of MI5, 1980.

22
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, pp. 347–348.

23
  AC: Interview with Lord Lawson; see also Nigel Lawson,
The View from No. 11: Memoirs of a Tory Radical
, Bantam, 1993, p. 314.

24
  MTF: B. Ingham to the Prime Minister, 5 January 1981, enc. Note for the Record: Lunch with Rupert Murdoch.

25
  TNA: Fair Trading Act 1973 c. 41, S58 (3)(a).

26
  MTF: E(81) 4th Meeting, Cabinet, Ministerial Committee on Economic Strategy, Minutes, 26 January 1981.

27
  Ibid.: The Secretary of State for Trade, 26 January 1981.

28
  AC: Conversation with John Biffen, 27 January 1981.

29
  
The Journals of Woodrow Wyatt
, edited by Sarah Curtis, Macmillan, 2000, Vol. 3, 1 December 1985, p. 582.

30
  AC: Interview with Lord Butler.

31
  Ibid.: Conversation with John Biffen, 1980.

32
  AC: Interview with Lord Armstrong.

33
  Ibid.. Private Information: Special Branch source.

34
  Ibid.: Conversation with Peter Morrison, summer 1979.

35
  Ibid.

36
  Ibid.

37
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

38
  John Hoskyns,
Just in Time: Inside the Thatcher Revolution
, Aurum Press, 2000, p. 108.

39
  Ibid., p. 107.

40
  AC: Interviews with Lord Armstrong and Lord Butler.

41
  Ibid.: Conversation with David Gore-Booth, 1980.

17 FIRST STEPS IN FOREIGN AFFAIRS

  
1
  AC: Interview, source off-the-record.

  
2
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 158.

  
3
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

  
4
  Ibid.

  
5
  Ibid.

  
6
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 66.

  
7
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

  
8
  CAC: DOHP/115, Sir Bryan Cartledge, p. 39.

  
9
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

10
  Ibid.

11
  Ibid.

12
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 74.

13
  Young,
One of Us
, p. 180

14
  John Simpson,
Strange Places, Questionable People
, Macmillan, 1998, p. 243.

15
  Millar,
A View from the Wings
, p. 320.

16
  Young,
One of Us
, p. 180.

17
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

18
  Andrew Thomson, Margaret Thatcher,
The Woman Within
, Allen Lane, 1989, p. 33.

19
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

20
  Ibid.

21
  Lord Carrington interviewed for
The Thatcher Factor
, Channel 4, 1989, quoted in Campbell,
The Iron Lady
, p. 62.

22
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 64.

23
  Ibid., p. 79.

24
  Ibid., p. 82

25
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

26
  Roy Jenkins,
European Diary, 1977–1981
, Collins, 1989, p. 529.

27
  Ibid., pp. 529–30.

28
  Sir Crispin Tickell interviewed for
The Last Europeans
, Channel 4, 1995, quoted in Campbell,
The Iron Lady
, pp. 63–64.

29
  AC: Margaret Thatcher at a dinner for Sir Teddy Taylor, 6 June 1996.

30
  Young,
One of Us
, p. 189.

31
  Ibid.

32
  Ian Gilmour,
Dancing with Dogma
:
Britain under Thatcherism
, Simon & Schuster, 1992, p. 238.

33
  Stephen Wall,
A Stranger in Europe: Britain and the EU from Thatcher to Blair
, Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 7.

34
  MTF: CIA Memorandum,
Changing Power Relations Among OECD States
, 22 October 1979.

35
  Ibid.

36
  MTF: White House Memorandum, Zbigniew Brzezinski to President Carter, NSC Weekly Report #96, 12 May 1979.

37
  Jimmy Carter,
Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President
, University of Arkansas Press, 1995, p. 113.

38
  MTF: Speech on the White House Lawn, 17 December 1979.

39
  MTF: Telephone conversation Margaret Thatcher and President Carter, 28 December 1979.

40
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

41
  Ibid.: Interview with Lord Armstrong.

18 STORM CLOUDS ON THE ECONOMY AND IN THE CABINET

  
1
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 122.

  
2
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

  
3
  Young,
One of Us
, p. 203.

  
4
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 126.

  
5
  Ibid., p. 97.

  
6
  Denis Healey,
The Time of My Life
, Michael Joseph, 1989, p. 491.

  
7
  AC: Author’s recollection, April 1981.

  
8
  Prior,
A Balance of Power
, p. 114.

  
9
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 104.

10
  Prior,
A Balance of Power
, p. 138.

11
  AC: Conversation with Lord Rawlinson, 2002.

12
  Lord Prior interviewed for
The Thatcher Factor
, Channel 4, 1989, quoted in Campbell,
The Iron Lady
, p. 92.

13
  Voltaire,
Candide
, Arcturus, 2009, p. 99.

14
  Prior,
A Balance of Power,
p. 134.

15
  Ibid.

16
  CAC: Professor Sir Alan Walters, (unpublished) diary, 14 July 1981.

17
  Prior,
A Balance of Power
, p. 134.

18
  Geoffrey Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty,
Macmillan, 1994, p. 195.

19
  AC: Interview with Lord Griffiths.

20
  CAC: Walters, diary, 6 January 1981.

21
  Ibid., 22 March 1981.

22
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 202.

23
  AC: Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.

24
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 136.

25
  Ibid.

26
  Young,
One of Us
, p. 215.

27
  Prior,
A Balance of Power
, p. 140.

28
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 207.

29
  CAC: Walters, diary, 10 March 1981.

30
  Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, p. 208.

31
  
The Times
, 30 March 1981.

32
  Young,
One of Us
, p. 217.

33
  MTF: Speech to Conservative Central Council, Bournemouth, 28 March 1981.

34
  AC: Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.

35
  Young,
One of Us
, p. 239.

36
  
The Times
, 10 July 1981.

37
  CAC: Walters, diary, 25 August 1981.

38
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 148.

39
  Ibid., p. 149.

40
  Young,
One of Us
, p. 219.

41
  AC: Interview with Lord Bell.

42
  Ibid., Interview with Sir Michael Scholar.

43
  John Hoskyns,
Just in Time: Inside the Thatcher Revolution
, Aurum Press, 2000, p. 301.

44
  Ibid., p. 326.

45
  ‘Your Political Survival,’ memorandum in possession of Sir John Hoskyns, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, pp. 641–642.

46
  AC: Interview with Sir John Hoskyns.

47
  CAC: Walters, diary, 26 and 27 August 1981.

48
  
The Times
, 15 September 1981.

49
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 151.

50
  Ibid., p. 149.

51
  AC: Interview with Sir Michael Scholar.

19 THE FALKLANDS WAR I: THE PRELUDE

  
1
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

  
2
  Ibid.

  
3
  Ibid.

  
4
  Carrington to Prime Minister, 20 September 1979, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 658.

  
5
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

  
6
  Ibid.

  
7
  Lawrence Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign,
2 vols, Routledge, 2005,
Vol. I:
The Origins of the Falklands War
, p. 127.

  
8
  Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 7 November 1980, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 659.

  
9
  AC: Conversation with Ian Gow, 1 December 1980.

10
  Ibid.: Conversation with Julian Amery, 2 December 1980.

11
  Ibid.

12
  Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign, Vol. I
, p. 144.

13
  Richard Luce, private memoir, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 661.

14
  MTF: UK Embassy Buenos Aires to FCO, 3 March 1982.

15
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 179.

16
  AC: Interview with Sir Antony Acland.

17
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 179.

18
  AC: Interview with Sir John Nott.

19
  Ibid.

20
  William Waldegrave, Old Etonian Association lecture, 28 February 2012.

21
  AC: The lone voice, as the Chief Whip, Michael Jopling, often reminded me, was mine, 3 April 1982.

22
  Campbell
, The Grocer’s Daughter
, p. 133.

23
  Robin Harris,
Not for Turning: The Life of Margaret Thatcher
, Bantam Press, 2013, p. 207. Harris was an eyewitness to Howe’s comment.

24
  AC: Conversation with John Biffen, 3 April 1982.

25
  Harris,
Not for Turning
, p. 208.

26
  Hansard, HC Debate, 3 April 1982.

27
  Ibid.

28
  Ibid.

29
  Ibid.

30
  Ibid.

31
  AC: Alec Woodall to the author, 3 April 1982.

32
  Ibid.: Conversation with Nicholas Ridley, 3 April 1982.

33
  John Nott,
Here Today and Gone Tomorrow: Recollections of an Errant Politician
, Politico’s Publishing, 2002, p. 267.

34
  Alan Clark,
Diaries: Into Politics
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1993, 15 January 1984, p. 64.

35
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 185.

36
  AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.

37
  Ibid.: Interview with Sir Antony Acland.

38
  Ibid.: Interview with Lord Carrington.

39
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 306.

40
  Winston Churchill comment during the Suez Crisis, 1956.

41
  MTF: Government Chief Whip to Foreign Secretary, 6 April 1982.

42
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 143.

43
  MTF: Jim Rentschler’s Falklands diary, Thursday 1 April 1982.

44
  Max Hastings and Simon Jenkins,
The Battle for the Falklands
, Michael Joseph, 1983, p. 128.

45
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 180.

46
  Interview with Jim Rentschler, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, pp. 685–686.

47
  Ibid., p. 686.

48
  MTF: Jim Rentschler’s Falklands diary, Thursday 8 April 1982.

49
  Ibid.: Monday 12 April 1982.

50
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 198.

51
  Ibid., p. 207.

52
  Ibid.

53
  Nicholas Henderson,
Mandarin: The Diaries of an Ambassador 1969
–
1982
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995, p. 446.

54
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 211.

55
  Freedman,
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign, Vol. II,
War and Diplomacy
, p. 177.

56
  Campbell,
The Iron Lady
, p. 142.

57
  MTF: Ronald Reagan, interview with the press, 30 April 1982.

58
  John F. Lehman Jr., Keynote Address ‘The Falklands War Thirty Years On’, 19–20 May 2012, National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth.

59
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 211.

60
  Ronald Reagan,
The Reagan Diaries
, edited by David Brinkley, HarperCollins, 2007, Monday 19 April 1982, p. 80.

61
  Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 219.

62
  Cecil Parkinson,
Right at the Centre
, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1992, p. 201.

63
  
Falkland Islands Review
, January 1983, HMSO, p. 98.

64
  Hastings and Jenkins,
The Battle for the Falklands
, p. 424.