Lincoln in the World (64 page)

64
. Lincoln to Hooker, June 10, 1863,
CWL
, v. 6, p. 257; Lincoln to Halleck, Sept. 19, 1863,
CWL
, v. 6, p. 467. The Hooker quotation is from a footnote in
CWL
, v. 6, p. 257. See also Boritt’s analysis of this missive in
Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream
, p. 270. See also McPherson,
Tried by War
, p. 200.

65
. McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, p. 664 (deflated the Copperheads); Henry Adams to Charles Francis Adams Jr., July 23, 1863, in Ford, ed.,
Cycle of Adams Letters
, v. 2, p. 58. See also Foreman,
World on Fire
, p. 495.

66
. Welles,
Diary
, v. 1, p. 385, entry for July 27, 1863. Welles’s original manuscript diary actually reads, “But I
do
expect an improvement” in the condition of Mexicans under French tutelage [my italics]; he later replaced the “do” with a “don’t.” Yet it seems likely from the context of this passage that this was an oversight—not a change of perspective—on Welles’s part, since he also describes the French scheme as a “calamity.” The possibility exists, however, that Welles believed Mexicans themselves might benefit from French rule even as the project threatened American interests.

67
. Hay,
Diary
, p. 70, entry for Aug. 6, 1863; Hay to John G. Nicolay, Aug. 7, 1863, in Burlingame, ed.,
At Lincoln’s Side
, pp. 48–50; Hay to John G. Nicolay, Sept. 11, 1863, in ibid., p. 54; Hay to Charles G. Halpine, Aug. 14, 1863, in ibid., p. 50. See also Monaghan, p. 321.

68
. Maximilian to Napoleon III, Aug. 10, 1863, in Corti, v. 1, pp. 227–28.

69
. Francis P. Blair Sr. to Lincoln, Aug. 1, 1863, ALP, LOC; Lincoln to Stanton, July 29, 1863,
CWL
, v. 6, pp. 354–55; Lincoln to Banks, Aug. 5, 1863,
CWL
, v. 6, p. 364; Lincoln to Grant, Aug. 9, 1863,
CWL
, v. 6, p. 374.

70
. Lincoln to Mary, Aug. 8, 1863,
CWL
, v. 6, p. 372.

71
. Goodwin, p. 545; Dennett,
John Hay
, p. 39. See also Burlingame, “Surrogate Father Abraham,” in
Inner World
, pp. 73–91.

72
. Hay,
Diary
, pp. 70–71, entry for Aug. 9, 1863.

73
. Nichols,
Life of Abraham Lincoln
, p. 317; Mahin, p. 233–34.

74
. Hay,
Diary
, pp. 78–80, entry for Sept. 9, 1863.

75
. Hay,
Diary
, pp. 81–82, entry for Sept. 10, 1863; O’Toole,
Five of Hearts
, 61 (wine cellar). See also Hay,
Diary
, p. 314n.

76
. Hay,
Diary
, pp. 81–84, entry for
Sept. 10, 1863; Hay,
Diary
, p. 87, entry for Sept. 27, 1863.

77
. Seward to Bigelow, Sept. 9, 1863, in Bancroft, v. 2, pp. 426–27; Mercier to Drouyn de Lhuys, Sept. 14, 1863, quoted in Carroll, “Abraham Lincoln and the Minister of France,” p. 150. See also Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln: A History
, v. 7, pp. 403–4 (“strict neutrality”).

78
. Stephen A. Hurlbut to Lincoln, Aug. 18, 1863, ALP, LOC; Francis P. Blair Jr. to Montgomery Blair, Sept. 24, 1863, ALP, LOC; Seward to Dayton, Sept. 26, 1863, “Confidential,” no. 406, Diplomatic Instructions (France), NARA. See also Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln: A History
, v. 7, pp. 402–3.

79
. Plumb to Romero, Dec. 2, 1863, “Confidential,” Plumb Papers, LOC. On Plumb’s relationship with Romero see also Schoonover, ed.,
Mexican Lobby
, pp. xiv, 13, and 16.

80
. Napoleon III to Maximilian, Sept. 19, 1863; Napoleon III to Maximilian, Oct. 2, 1863, in Corti, v. 1, pp. 256 and 260.

81
. Lincoln to Banks, Sept. 19, 1863,
CWL
, v. 6, p. 465; McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, p. 683; Foote,
Civil War: Fredericksburg to Meridian
, pp. 774–75; Hanna and Hanna, p. 162 (seven thousand); Banks to Lincoln, Feb. 12, 1864, ALP, LOC.

82
. Crook,
The North
,
the South
,
and the Powers
, pp. 317–18 (for its own protection); Hanna and Hanna, p. 8 (Tocqueville); Ridley,
Napoleon III
, p. 356 (shared that view).

83
.
Harper’s Weekly
, Oct. 17, 1863, and Nov. 21, 1863;
New York Herald
, Sept. 17, 1863; Clay to Seward, Jan. 25, 1864,
FRUS 1864
, v. 3, p. 283. See also Monaghan, p. 331; and Clinton,
Mrs. Lincoln
, p. 205.

84
.
New York Herald
, Nov. 12, 1863, quoted in Crook,
Diplomacy
, p. 145; Welles,
Diary
, v. 1, p. 443, entry for Sept. 25, 1863; Hay,
Diary
, pp. 124, 126–27, entries for Dec. 9, Dec. 10, and Dec. 12, 1863.

85
. Wyke to Herzfeld, Nov. 27, 1863, carton 5, AKM, photostat in LOC; Herzfeld to Depont, Dec. 12, 1863, in Corti, v. 1, p. 287; Crook,
The North
,
the South and the Powers
, p. 353 (Mexicanization).

86
. Corti, v. 1, p. 289 (“no possible object”); Hay,
Diary
, p. 116, entry for Nov. 22, 1863 (“Lord knows who”).

87
. Green,
Washington
, v. 1, p. 268; Scovel to Lincoln, Dec. 18, 1863, ALP, LOC.

88
. Lincoln, “Annual Message to Congress,” Dec. 8, 1863,
CWL
, v. 7, pp. 36–49; Welles,
Diary
, v. 1, p. 445.

89
. Welles,
Diary
, v. 1, pp. 494–95, entry for Dec. 25, 1863.

90
. Gurowski,
Diary: 1863–’64–’65
, entry for Jan. 20, 1864, p. 81; Monaghan, p. 349.

91
. McDougall resolution quoted in Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln: A History
, v. 7, p. 407.

92
. Pease and Randall, eds.,
Diary of Orville Hickman Browning
, v. 1, p. 493, entry for Aug. 5, 1861 (“quite drunk”); Buchanan, “James A. McDougall,” pp. 203, 208–9. McDougall’s speech to the Senate is in
CG
, 37th Cong., 3rd Sess., Appendix, pp. 94–100.

93
. Buchanan, “James A. McDougall,” p. 210 (“drunken clown”); Seward to Dayton, Jan. 12, 1864, “Confidential,” no. 456, Diplomatic Instructions (France), NARA. See also Bancroft, v. 2, pp. 428–29.

94
. Pike to William Pitt Fessenden, Sept. 3, 1863, Pike Papers, LOC; Plumb to Sumner, Jan. 26, 1864, Plumb Papers, LOC.

95
. Donald,
Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man
, p. 102 (Sumner quote); Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln: A History
, v. 7, p. 407 (Sumner kills); Romero dispatch, Mar. 23, 1864, in Schoonover, ed.,
Mexican Lobby
, pp. 38–39.

96
. Brooks, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,”
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine
, v. 31, issue 182 (July 1865), pp. 226–27.

97
. Foner, “Lincoln and Colonization,” in Foner,
Our Lincoln
, p. 164;
ALAL
, v. 2, pp. 395–96. Magness and Page, in
Colonization After Emancipation
, argue that colonization’s “demise was largely born of the budgetary fight raging around the Emigration Office”—not simply the Haiti debacle. See p. 93.

98
.
Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch
, May 1, 1864.

99
. Leopold I to Maximilian, Feb. 4, 1864, in Corti, v. 1, pp. 316–17.

100
. Tyrner-Tyrnauer,
Lincoln and the Emperors
, p. 110 (“Archdupe”); Napoleon III to Maximilian, Mar. 28, 1864, in Corti, v. 1, p. 340; Haslip,
Crown of Mexico
, pp. 231–32 (departure color); Bierman,
Napoleon III
, p. 239 (Austrian vessel). See also Corti, v. 1, pp. 351, 358, 359 (quote); and Hanna and Hanna, p. 129 (
Novara
).

101
. Foote,
Civil War: Red River to Appomattox
, pp. 33 (river color), 39 (red slime), 40 (“Napoleon P. Banks”), 45 (quote). See also Foreman,
World on Fire
, p. 366 (red clay);
ALAL
, v. 2, p. 741; McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, p. 722; McPherson,
Tried by War
, pp. 209–10.

102
. Welles,
Diary
, v. 2, pp. 25–27, entry for May 9, 1864. See also
ALAL
, v. 2, p. 647.

103
. Davis’s resolution is in
CG
, 38th Cong., 1st Sess., Apr. 4, 1864, pp. 1408–9. See also Seward to Bigelow, “Private and Unofficial,” no. 141, copy in Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State (Paris), v. 457, NARA; Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln: A History
, v. 7, pp. 407–8 (Davis committee chair and Sumner kills); Henig,
Henry Winter Davis
, pp. 203–4;
ALAL
, v. 2, p. 741; and Monaghan, p. 359.
New York Herald
quoted in Milton Lyman Henry, Jr., “Henry Winter Davis,” p. 7, Hyman Papers.

104
. Seward to Bigelow, May 5, 1864, “Confidential,” no. 128, copy in Records of the Foreign Service Posts of the Dept. of State (Paris), v. 457, NARA; Bancroft, v. 2, p. 429n.

105
. Steere,
Wilderness Campaign
, p. 1 (tangled vines); McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, pp. 724 (pine trees etc.), 742 (casualties).

106
. Carpenter,
Inner Life
, pp. 30–31 (rings under eyes etc.), 217 (“tired spot,” dinner upstairs); Oates,
With Malice Toward None
, locs. 7608–20 (“kill me”).

107
. Welles,
Diary
, v. 2, p. 35, entry for May 20, 1864; Seward to Bigelow, May 21, 1864, John Bigelow Papers, New York Public Library.

108
. Lincoln to Salmon P. Chase and Edwin M. Stanton, May 5, 1864, CWL, v. 7, p. 331 (order re: horses); Ridley,
Napoleon III
, p. 238 (on horseback).

109
.
Philadelphia Sunday Dispatch
, May 29, 1864 (“Parisian attire”);
Springfield Republican
, Jun. 7, 1875, clipping in Ruth Randall Papers, LOC;
Boston Transcript
, n.d., in Moore, ed.,
Rebellion Record
, v. 11, p. 22; Jane G. Swisshelm letter, n.d.,
Chicago Journal
, copied in “Mrs. Lincoln and Foreign Goods,”
New York World
, May 3, 1864.

110
. Haslip,
Crown of Mexico
, pp. 242–44.

111
. Ibid., p. 245 (beauty, roads); Corti, v. 2, pp. 417–20, 422. See especially Charlotte to Eugénie, June 18, 1864, v. 2, p. 422.

112
. Haslip,
Crown of Mexico
, pp. 251 (flowers, sombreros, etc.), 262 (west of Mexico City); Corti, v. 2, pp. 429 (views, trees, birds, scents), 431 (“basalt crag”), 435 (beautiful women), 437 (gardens), 836 (“as in Europe”).

113
. Rice, ed.,
Reminiscences
, p. 390 (“gnawing”); Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln: A History
, v. 7, p. 421 (GOP resolution). See also Mahin, p. 233.

114
. Lincoln to William Dennison and Others, June 27, 1864,
CWL
, v. 7, p. 411. See also Monaghan, p. 370.

115
. Sandburg,
The Prairie Years and the War Years
, p. 518 (rationale for Johnson); Savage,
Life and Public Services of Andrew Johnson
, p. 297 (speech). See also Mahin, p. 234.

116
. Lincoln, “Speech at Great Central Sanitary Fair,” June 16, 1864,
CWL
, v. 7, pp. 395–96.

117
. Milton Lyman Henry Jr., “Henry Winter Davis and the Radical Republican Use of Foreign Policy,” unpublished paper in Harold Hyman Collection, Prairie View, Texas; Schoonover,
Dollars Over Dominion
, pp. 122–23; Hay,
Diary
, p. 211, entry for June 24, 1864.

118
. Foreman,
World on Fire
, p. 645 (“mental overwork”); Hay,
Diary
, p. 247, entry for Nov. 11, 1864.

119
. Romero dispatch, July 31, 1864, in Schoonover, ed.,
Mexican Lobby
, pp. 46–47.

120
. James Shepherd Pike to Seward, Nov. 2, 1864,
FRUS 1864
, v. 3, p. 326.

121
. McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, p. 775 (comparisons to Napoleon); Goodwin, p. 655 (Seward in Auburn).

122
. Seward to Maj. Gen. E. R. S. Canby, Sept. 30, 1864,
FRUS 1864
, v. 3, p. 155. See also Mahin, p. 227; and Lincoln to Napoleon III, Sept. 12, 1864,
CWL
, v. 7, p. 550 (“Your Good Friend”).

123
. Hay,
Diary
, pp. 243–46, entry for Nov. 8, 1864; White,
Lincoln’s Greatest Speech
, p. 47.

124
. Brooks,
Washington
,
D.C
.,
in Lincoln’s Time
, pp. 200–201; Brooks, in Burlingame, ed.,
Lincoln Observed
, p. 145; Lincoln, “Response to a Serenade by the OH Del.,” June 9, 1864,
CWL
, v. 7, p. 384; Lincoln to Andrew McCallen, June 19, 1858,
CWL
, v. 2, p. 469 (dreaded serenades); Lincoln, “Response to a Serenade,” Nov. 10, 1864, ALP, LOC.