Justice for All (111 page)
Authors: Jim Newton
CHAPTER 12. IN COMMAND
CHAPTER 13. LOYALTY
1
Herman Perry letter to Bernard C. Brennan, March 10, 1952, National Archives, Laguna Niguel branch office, Nixon pre-presidential papers, correspondence, Perry file.
Herman Perry letter to Bernard C. Brennan, March 10, 1952, National Archives, Laguna Niguel branch office, Nixon pre-presidential papers, correspondence, Perry file.
2
Perry letter to Lance D. Smith, Oct. 3, 1945, reprinted in interview with Roy Day,
Richard M. Nixon in the Warren Era
, p. 6.
Perry letter to Lance D. Smith, Oct. 3, 1945, reprinted in interview with Roy Day,
Richard M. Nixon in the Warren Era
, p. 6.
9
See, for instance, letter to Major General Curtis O'Sullivan from Warren's appointment secretary, July 14, 1948, state archives, administrative files, governor's office, administrative memoranda file. Warren refers to the plane on p. 215 of his
Memoirs.
See, for instance, letter to Major General Curtis O'Sullivan from Warren's appointment secretary, July 14, 1948, state archives, administrative files, governor's office, administrative memoranda file. Warren refers to the plane on p. 215 of his
Memoirs.
10
Inaugural Address, Jan. 6, 1947, from “Governors of California,” courtesy California Secretary of State's office.
Inaugural Address, Jan. 6, 1947, from “Governors of California,” courtesy California Secretary of State's office.
11
Ibid.
Ibid.
12
Russell H. Conwell, “Acres of Diamonds,” p. 64.
Russell H. Conwell, “Acres of Diamonds,” p. 64.
13
Lloyd Ray Henderson, “Earl Warren and California Politics,” p. 277.
Lloyd Ray Henderson, “Earl Warren and California Politics,” p. 277.
15
Los Angeles Times
, March 20, 1947. Quoted also in John Weaver,
Warren: The Man, the Court, the Era
, pp. 141-42.
Los Angeles Times
, March 20, 1947. Quoted also in John Weaver,
Warren: The Man, the Court, the Era
, pp. 141-42.
16
Henderson, “Earl Warren and California Politics,” p. 302.
Henderson, “Earl Warren and California Politics,” p. 302.
18
Oral history interview with Warren,
Conversations with Earl Warren on California Government
, p. 173. Warren also complained about Keck to Drew Pearson during an Aug. 17, 1967, interview, see Pearson notes from that day, Pearson papers, LBJ Library.
Oral history interview with Warren,
Conversations with Earl Warren on California Government
, p. 173. Warren also complained about Keck to Drew Pearson during an Aug. 17, 1967, interview, see Pearson notes from that day, Pearson papers, LBJ Library.
19
California State Budget, July 1, 1947-June 30, 1948, governor's message.
California State Budget, July 1, 1947-June 30, 1948, governor's message.
21
Ibid.
Ibid.
22
Sections 8003 and 8004 of the California Education Code.
Sections 8003 and 8004 of the California Education Code.
24
Swig letter to Warren, April 11, 1961, LOC, MD, Warren papers, personal papers, Ben Swig file.
Swig letter to Warren, April 11, 1961, LOC, MD, Warren papers, personal papers, Ben Swig file.
25
Undated manuscript of a Warren biography that Pearson began in the late 1960s. Pearson died without finishing the book; a copy of the unfinished draft is with his papers at the LBJ Library.
Undated manuscript of a Warren biography that Pearson began in the late 1960s. Pearson died without finishing the book; a copy of the unfinished draft is with his papers at the LBJ Library.
26
Those recollections are taken from Pearson's manuscript, which does not have page numbers; all the quotations come from chapter 2. Pearson papers, LBJ Library.
Those recollections are taken from Pearson's manuscript, which does not have page numbers; all the quotations come from chapter 2. Pearson papers, LBJ Library.
28
Ibid., p. 27.
Ibid., p. 27.
31
Author interviews with Robert Warren, March 12, 2004, and Jan. 11, 2005.
Author interviews with Robert Warren, March 12, 2004, and Jan. 11, 2005.
33
Ibid., p. 52.
Ibid., p. 52.
34
Ibid., p. 32.
Ibid., p. 32.
35
Ibid., p. 53.
Ibid., p. 53.
36
Sproul speech to Republican National Convention, June 23, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches Alpha File, “Political.”
Sproul speech to Republican National Convention, June 23, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches Alpha File, “Political.”
37
Ibid.
Ibid.
38
Ibid.
Ibid.
39
Warren appointment-book entry, June 25, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, appointment files, 1948.
Warren appointment-book entry, June 25, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, appointment files, 1948.
40
Diary of Drew Pearson, entry for Aug. 15, 1963, LBJ Library.
Diary of Drew Pearson, entry for Aug. 15, 1963, LBJ Library.
42
Ibid. Also author interview with Robert Warren, Dec. 11, 2003; Robert Warren does not remember speaking those words, but says he's often been told that he did.
Ibid. Also author interview with Robert Warren, Dec. 11, 2003; Robert Warren does not remember speaking those words, but says he's often been told that he did.
44
Associated Press photograph.
Associated Press photograph.
47
Oral history interview with William T. Sweigert, Sr.,
Administration and Ethics in the Governor's Office and the Courts, California, 1939-1975
, p. 106.
Oral history interview with William T. Sweigert, Sr.,
Administration and Ethics in the Governor's Office and the Courts, California, 1939-1975
, p. 106.
49
Warren speech in Reno, Sept. 15, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political, 1948.”
Warren speech in Reno, Sept. 15, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political, 1948.”
50
Warren speech in Cincinnati, Sept. 23, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political, 1948.”
Warren speech in Cincinnati, Sept. 23, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political, 1948.”
51
Author interview with Virginia Daly, May 31, 2004.
Author interview with Virginia Daly, May 31, 2004.
53
Ibid., p. 180.
Ibid., p. 180.
55
Warren speech in Wenatchu, Washington, Oct. 14, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha file “Political, 1948.”
Warren speech in Wenatchu, Washington, Oct. 14, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha file “Political, 1948.”
56
Warren speech in Sacramento, Oct. 18, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha file “Political, 1948.”
Warren speech in Sacramento, Oct. 18, 1948, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha file “Political, 1948.”
58
R. B. Hood to Hoover, Dec. 8, 1948, FBI document 100-202315, Charns, Warren files, Folder 78.
R. B. Hood to Hoover, Dec. 8, 1948, FBI document 100-202315, Charns, Warren files, Folder 78.
59
See, for example, the Nov. 15, 1951, Bureau memo replying to Warren's request of Nov. 9, 1951. In that instance, the FBI found no derogatory information on seventeen of nineteen names submitted by Warren, but did raise issues with two. FBI document 94-1-5619-113.
See, for example, the Nov. 15, 1951, Bureau memo replying to Warren's request of Nov. 9, 1951. In that instance, the FBI found no derogatory information on seventeen of nineteen names submitted by Warren, but did raise issues with two. FBI document 94-1-5619-113.
60
San Francisco Special Agent in Charge to Hoover, Oct. 16, 1950, FBI document 61-10149-1466, Charns, Warren files, Folder 89. Interestingly, the alleged Communist identified by the FBI was Aubrey Grossman, one of the defense lawyers from the
Point Lobos
case.
San Francisco Special Agent in Charge to Hoover, Oct. 16, 1950, FBI document 61-10149-1466, Charns, Warren files, Folder 89. Interestingly, the alleged Communist identified by the FBI was Aubrey Grossman, one of the defense lawyers from the
Point Lobos
case.
61
L. B. Nichols to Tolson, May 7, 1953, FBI document 94-1-5619-178.
L. B. Nichols to Tolson, May 7, 1953, FBI document 94-1-5619-178.
62
See, for instance, Tracy to Hoover, Sept. 23, 1951, FBI document 94-1-5619-107, noting Warren's speech to the American Bar Association, and Hoover's Sept. 25 note to Warren (same document number).
See, for instance, Tracy to Hoover, Sept. 23, 1951, FBI document 94-1-5619-107, noting Warren's speech to the American Bar Association, and Hoover's Sept. 25 note to Warren (same document number).
2
Arthur H. Samish,
The Secret Boss of California
, p. 131. Tenney thought he smelled Communists in Warren's camp as well. Not knowing of Hoover's affection for Warren, Tenney alerted the FBI's Los Angeles office that he suspected “Hollywood Communist screenwriters” of helping draft Warren speeches. There is no evidence of Bureau action. FBI document 100-273526-3, Charns, Warren files, Folder 78.
Arthur H. Samish,
The Secret Boss of California
, p. 131. Tenney thought he smelled Communists in Warren's camp as well. Not knowing of Hoover's affection for Warren, Tenney alerted the FBI's Los Angeles office that he suspected “Hollywood Communist screenwriters” of helping draft Warren speeches. There is no evidence of Bureau action. FBI document 100-273526-3, Charns, Warren files, Folder 78.
3
The Sproul-Warren correspondence stretches across Warren's entire professional life, from his days as Alameda district attorney through his time on the United States Supreme Court. In those later years, Sproul often called on Warren when business brought him to Washington.
The Sproul-Warren correspondence stretches across Warren's entire professional life, from his days as Alameda district attorney through his time on the United States Supreme Court. In those later years, Sproul often called on Warren when business brought him to Washington.
4
Truman announcement that the Soviets had exploded an atomic bomb, Sept. 23, 1949. Yale Law School archives, Avalon Project.
Truman announcement that the Soviets had exploded an atomic bomb, Sept. 23, 1949. Yale Law School archives, Avalon Project.
5
Gardner,
The California Oath Controversy
, pp. 24-29, 126. I am particularly indebted in this chapter to Gardner's meticulous history of the oath controversy. Although others have written about the events of those years, Gardner's work remains the definitive account. Gardner went on to serve as chancellor of the university.
Gardner,
The California Oath Controversy
, pp. 24-29, 126. I am particularly indebted in this chapter to Gardner's meticulous history of the oath controversy. Although others have written about the events of those years, Gardner's work remains the definitive account. Gardner went on to serve as chancellor of the university.
6
Minutes of the California Board of Regents meeting, March 25, 1949.
Minutes of the California Board of Regents meeting, March 25, 1949.
8
Ibid., p. 30.
Ibid., p. 30.
10
Letter from Neylan to Warren, Feb. 9, 1943, and Warren reply, state archives, gubernatorial papers, correspondence file “N.”
Letter from Neylan to Warren, Feb. 9, 1943, and Warren reply, state archives, gubernatorial papers, correspondence file “N.”
13
Ibid., p. 107.
Ibid., p. 107.
14
Warren letter to Griffiths, April 7, 1941; Griffiths letter to Warren, April 24, 1941; Warren Horner letter to Warren, June 5, 1941, state archives, personal papers, Bohemian Club file, 1941-53.
Warren letter to Griffiths, April 7, 1941; Griffiths letter to Warren, April 24, 1941; Warren Horner letter to Warren, June 5, 1941, state archives, personal papers, Bohemian Club file, 1941-53.
18
Oral history interview with John Francis Neylan,
Politics, Law, and University of California
, p. 188.
Oral history interview with John Francis Neylan,
Politics, Law, and University of California
, p. 188.
19
Los Angeles Times
, March 9, 1950, one of many references to this resolution in news coverage in March.
Los Angeles Times
, March 9, 1950, one of many references to this resolution in news coverage in March.
21
Ibid., p. 145.
Ibid., p. 145.
24
Ibid.
Ibid.
25
Text of Truman speech of July 19, 1950, contained in the papers of George M. Elsey, Truman Presidential Museum and Library.
Text of Truman speech of July 19, 1950, contained in the papers of George M. Elsey, Truman Presidential Museum and Library.
27
The precise date of the conversation between Warren and Chandler is not preserved, but the context of the conversation makes clear that it was in 1950, and the Grove's annual encampment that year was from July 14 to July 30. Since the regents met on July 21, it seems likely that Warren and Chandler spoke sometime between July 14 and July 21, 1950.
The precise date of the conversation between Warren and Chandler is not preserved, but the context of the conversation makes clear that it was in 1950, and the Grove's annual encampment that year was from July 14 to July 30. Since the regents met on July 21, it seems likely that Warren and Chandler spoke sometime between July 14 and July 21, 1950.
29
Los Angeles Times
, Sept. 21, 1950. In October 1950, the State of California distributed
Survival Under Atomic Attack
, a thirty-two-page pamphlet with tips for surviving such an attack. The pamphlet was distributed by the California Office of Civil Defense; on the cover was the state seal over the words “Earl Warren, Governor.”
Los Angeles Times
, Sept. 21, 1950. In October 1950, the State of California distributed
Survival Under Atomic Attack
, a thirty-two-page pamphlet with tips for surviving such an attack. The pamphlet was distributed by the California Office of Civil Defense; on the cover was the state seal over the words “Earl Warren, Governor.”
30
Undated memo, LOC, MD, Warren personal papers, confirmation file. The memo was prepared at the request of Deputy Attorney General William Rogers and included in the FBI's background report prepared in connection with Warren's confirmation to the Supreme Court. A copy of the memo is included in that file as well.
Undated memo, LOC, MD, Warren personal papers, confirmation file. The memo was prepared at the request of Deputy Attorney General William Rogers and included in the FBI's background report prepared in connection with Warren's confirmation to the Supreme Court. A copy of the memo is included in that file as well.
32
Los Angeles Special Agent in Charge to Hoover, Sept. 16, 1947, FBI document 62-75147-26-205, Charns, Warren files, Folder 85.
Los Angeles Special Agent in Charge to Hoover, Sept. 16, 1947, FBI document 62-75147-26-205, Charns, Warren files, Folder 85.
34
Final Report of The Special Crime Study Commission on Organized Crime, p. 17.
Final Report of The Special Crime Study Commission on Organized Crime, p. 17.
36
Ibid.
Ibid.
38
Warren daily schedules for May 1950, state archives, attorney general files.
Warren daily schedules for May 1950, state archives, attorney general files.
39
“Report to the People” (1950), published by Friends of Earl Warren as campaign material.
“Report to the People” (1950), published by Friends of Earl Warren as campaign material.
41
Ibid., pp. 134-36.
Ibid., pp. 134-36.
42
NBC broadcast, Oct. 20, 1950, transcript in state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political,” May 24, 1950-1952.
NBC broadcast, Oct. 20, 1950, transcript in state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political,” May 24, 1950-1952.
43
Roosevelt statement Aug. 6, 1950, and Warren response, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political,” May 24, 1950-1952.
Roosevelt statement Aug. 6, 1950, and Warren response, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political,” May 24, 1950-1952.
45
William Sweigert, “The Legend of the Earl of Warren,” included in
Administration and Ethics in the Governor's Office and the Courts, California, 1939-1975
.
William Sweigert, “The Legend of the Earl of Warren,” included in
Administration and Ethics in the Governor's Office and the Courts, California, 1939-1975
.
47
Undated Douglas-Marcantonio Voting Record flyer, distributed in 1950 campaign.
Undated Douglas-Marcantonio Voting Record flyer, distributed in 1950 campaign.
49
Ibid.
Ibid.
52
Warren speech to Sailors Union, Nov. 3, 1950, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political.”
Warren speech to Sailors Union, Nov. 3, 1950, state archives, gubernatorial papers, Speeches, Alpha File “Political.”
53
Ibid.
Ibid.
54
Warren daily schedule, Nov. 7, 1950, state archives, attorney general files.
Warren daily schedule, Nov. 7, 1950, state archives, attorney general files.
55
Author interview with Nina “Honey Bear” Brien, Jan. 28, 2004.
Author interview with Nina “Honey Bear” Brien, Jan. 28, 2004.
60
Author interview with Nina “Honey Bear” Brien, Jan. 28, 2004. See also Weaver, p. 162, and news reports from AP,
Sacramento Bee
, and others.
Author interview with Nina “Honey Bear” Brien, Jan. 28, 2004. See also Weaver, p. 162, and news reports from AP,
Sacramento Bee
, and others.
61
Associated Press report, Nov. 8, 1950.
Associated Press report, Nov. 8, 1950.
62
Appointment book for 1950, California State Archives, attorney general papers, daily calendars file.
Appointment book for 1950, California State Archives, attorney general papers, daily calendars file.
64
Daily calendar, March 6, 1951, state archives, governor's administrative file. See also letters of condolence file.
Daily calendar, March 6, 1951, state archives, governor's administrative file. See also letters of condolence file.
65
Warren letter to C. E. Bates, Feb. 26, 1951, state archives, personal papers, Nina Warren file, 1950-52.
Warren letter to C. E. Bates, Feb. 26, 1951, state archives, personal papers, Nina Warren file, 1950-52.
66
Author interview with Bill Boyarsky.
Author interview with Bill Boyarsky.
67
A sampling of the mail to Honey Bear is preserved at the state archives in Sacramento, personal papers, Nina Warren file, 1950-52.
A sampling of the mail to Honey Bear is preserved at the state archives in Sacramento, personal papers, Nina Warren file, 1950-52.
68
Warren letter to Ray Brown, May 16, 1951, state archives, personal papers, Nina Warren file, 1950-52.
Warren letter to Ray Brown, May 16, 1951, state archives, personal papers, Nina Warren file, 1950-52.
69
Author interview with Warren Olney IV, Feb. 10, 2004.
Author interview with Warren Olney IV, Feb. 10, 2004.
71
Warren to Sproul, Jan. 16, 1956, BL, Sproul personal papers, Warren correspondence.
Warren to Sproul, Jan. 16, 1956, BL, Sproul personal papers, Warren correspondence.
72
Kenny to Warren, Nov. 5, 1952, state archives, gubernatorial papers, administrative files, ElectionsâGeneral, 1952.
Kenny to Warren, Nov. 5, 1952, state archives, gubernatorial papers, administrative files, ElectionsâGeneral, 1952.
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