In Our Control (55 page)

  
98.
Ray Moynihan, “FDA Panel Rejects Testosterone Patch for Women on Safety Grounds,”
British Medical Journal
329 (December 11, 2004): 1363.

  
99.
Schaffir, “Hormonal Contraception and Sexual Desire: A Critical Review,” 305–14.

100.
Mary A. Ott, Marcia L. Shew, Susan Ofner, “The Influence of Hormonal Contraception on Mood and Sexual Interest among Adolescents,”
Archives of Sexual Behavior
37 (2008): 605–13.

101.
Schaffir, “Hormonal Contraception and Sexual Desire: A Critical Review,” 305–14.

102.
C. A. Graham, R. Ramos, and J. Bancroft, et al., “The effects of steroidal contraceptives on the well-being and sexuality of women: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two-centre study of combined and progestogen-only methods,”
Contraception
53 (1995): 363–69.

103.
Raphaelle Chaix, Chen Cao, and Peter Donnelly, “Is Mate Choice in Humans MHC-Dependent?,”
PLOS Genetics
4, no. 9 (September 8, 2008): e1000184, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000184.

104.
Melinda Wenner, “Birth Control Pills Affect Women’s Taste in Men,”
Scientific American
, December 5, 2008.

105.
Alexandra Alvergne and Virpi Lummaa, “Does the Contraceptive Pill Alter Mate Choice in Humans?”
Trends in Ecology and Evolution
, October 6, 2009.

106.
“The pill ‘gives women a taste for boyish men like Zac Efron,’ ”
Daily Telegraph
, October 8, 2009.

107.
Ibid.

108.
M. F. Gallo, L. M. Lopez, and D. A. Grimes, et. al., “Combination contraceptives: effects on weight,”
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2 (2009).

109.
Salynn Boyles, “The Pill Won’t Add Extra Pounds, Study Shows,” January 24, 2006, WebMD Health News,
http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/news/20060124/pill-wont-add-pounds-study-shows
.

110.
Anahad O’Connor, “The Claim: The Pill Can Make You Put On Weight,”
New York Times
, January 27, 2007.

111.
M. Lofthouse, “Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception causes weight and fat gain in women,”
Nature, Clinical Practice and Metabolism
1, no. 2 (2005): 69

112.
L. M. Lopez, D. A. Grimes, and K. F. Schulz, “Steroidal contraceptives: effect on carbohydrate metabolism in women without diabetes mellitus (Review),”
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2 (2009).

113.
James Trussell, Eleanor Bimla Schwarz, and Katherine Guthrie, “Obesity and oral contraceptive failure,”
Contraception
79 (2009): 334–38.

114.
Bennett,
The Pill: Are You Sure It’s For You?
, 56.

115.
“Oral Contraceptives Impair Muscle Gains in Young Women,” American Physiological Society, April 17, 2009,
http://www.the-asp.org/press/releases/09/16.htm
.

116.
D’Souza, “Risks and benefits of oral contraceptive pills,” 146–47.

117.
“Taking Birth Control Pills May Place Diabetic Women at Risk for Kidney Disease,” American Diabetes Association,
http://www.diabetes.org
.

118.
S. B. Ahmed et al., “Oral Contraceptives, angiotensin-dependent renal vasoconstriction, and the risk of diabetic nephropathy,”
Diabetes Care
28 (2005): 1988–94.

119.
World Health Organization (WHO),
Improving access to quality care in family planning: Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use
(Geneva: WHO, 2001).

120.
Jerilynn C. Prior and Christine L. Hitchcock, “Manipulating Menstruation with Hormonal Contraception—what does the Science say?” CeMCOR,
http://www.cemcor.ubc.ca
; J. C. Prior, S. Kirkland, L. Joseph, et al., “Oral contraceptive agent use and bone mineral density in premenopausal women: cross-sectional, population-based data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study,”
Canadian Medical Association Journal 1
65 (2001): 1023–29.

121.
Franco Polatti, Francesca Perotti, and Nadia Filippa, et al., “Bone Mass and Long-Term Monophasic Oral Contraceptive Treatment in Young Women,”
Contraception
51 (1995): 221–24.

122.
C. Cooper, P. Hannaford, and P. Croft, et al., “Oral contraceptive pill use and fractures in women: A prospective study,”
Bone
14 (1993): 41–45; M. Vessey, J. Mant, R. Painter, “Oral contraception and other factors in relation to hospital referral for fracture—findings in a large cohort study,”
Contraception
57 (1998): 231–35.

123.
Ibid.

124.
Victoria, interview with author, July 2009.

125.
Susan Rako,
No More Periods?
(New York: Harmony Books, 2003), 45–54.

126.
D’Souza, “Risks and benefits of oral contraceptive pills,” 135–36.

127.
Jerilynn Prior,
Estrogen’s Storm Season
(Vancouver, BC: Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research, 2005).

128.
Dickey,
Managing Contraceptive Pill Patients
, 158; M. J. Rosenberg, and M. S. Waugh, “Oral contraceptive discontinuation: A prospective evaluation of frequency and reasons,” American
Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
179 (1998): 577–82.

129.
M. F. Gallo, K. Nauda, D. A. Grimes, K. F. Schulz, “20 mcg versus > 20 mcg estrogen combined oral contraceptives for contraception,”
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2 (2005).

130.
Dickey,
Managing Contraceptive Pill Patients
, 160.

131.
M. J. Rosenberg, M. S. Waugh, and C. M. Stevens, “Smoking and cycle control among oral contraceptive users,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
174 (1996): 628–32.

132.
Jerilynn C. Prior, “Choices for Effective Contraception in 2006,” The Center for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research,
http://www.cemcor.ubc.ca/print/110
.

133.
Ibid.

134.
Ibid.

135.
J. Guillebaud, “Combined oral contraception,” in
Handbook for Family Planning
, A. Glasier and A. Gebbie, eds. (London: Churchill Livingstone, 2000).

136.
Kurt T. Barnhart, Courtney A. Schreiber, “Return to fertility following discontinuation of oral contraceptives,”
Fertility and Sterility
91, no. 3 (March 2009): 659–63.

137.
D’Souza, “Risks and benefits of oral contraceptive pills,” 135–36.

138.
μ. A. M. Hassan and S. R. Killick, “Is previous use of hormonal contraception associated with a detrimental effect on subsequent fecundity?”
Human Reproduction
19, no. 2 (2004): 344.

139.
Dickey,
Managing Contraceptive Pill Patients
, 44.

140.
Pope and Bennett,
The Pill: Are You Sure It’s For You?
, 99–100.

141.
Holly Grigg-Spall, conversation with author, March 31, 2010.

142.
Pope and Bennett,
The Pill
, 99.

143.
Ibid.

Chapter Three: Hidden in Plain Sight

    
1.
Robert Jütte,
Contraception: A History
(Cambridge, UK, and Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2008), 134.

    
2.
Quoted in Andrea Tone,
Devices and Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America
(New York: Hill and Wang, 2001), 57.

    
3.
Ibid., 117.

    
4.
William D. Mosher, et al., “Use of Contraception and Use of Family Planning Services in the United States: 1982–2002,” Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics, no. 350, December 10, 2004,
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad350.pdf
.

    
5.
“IUDs: Not Scary After All?” October 18, 2005,
www.feministing.com
.

    
6.
Nancy S. Padian et al., “Diaphragm and Lubricant Gel for Prevention of HIV Acquisition in Southern African Women: A Randomised Controlled Trial,”
Lancet
370, no. 9583 (July 21, 2007): 251–61.

    
7.
“Facts on Contraceptive Use,” Guttmacher Institute, January 2008,
www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_contr_use.html
.

    
8.
Quoted in David Crary, “Health Advocates Tout New Model of Female Condom,”
TriCity Herald
, April 16, 2009.

    
9.
Ibid.

  
10.
Ibid.

  
11.
Jütte,
Contraception
, 121.

  
12.
William Parker with Rachel L. Parker,
A Gynecologist’s Second Opinion
(New York: Plume, 2003), 45.

  
13.
Tone,
Devices and Desires
, 61.

  
14.
Jütte,
Contraception
, 155.

  
15.
Tone,
Devices and Desires
, 263.

  
16.
Jütte,
Contraception,”
207.

  
17.
Tone,
Devices and Desires
, 264.

  
18.
Ibid.

  
19.
Ibid., 265, 266.

  
20.
Private conversation with the author.

  
21.
Tone,
Devices and Desires
, 269.

  
22.
Susan Wood, speech delivered to Law Students for Reproductive Justice (American University School of Law, Washington, DC, February 8, 2009).