Human Trafficking Around the World (84 page)
Read Human Trafficking Around the World Online
Authors: Stephanie Hepburn
Tags: #LAW026000, #Law/Criminal Law, #POL011000, #Political Science/International Relations/General
400
,
402
,
409–10
,
416
,
417–18
,
436–37
; what happens to traffickers,
208–9
,
233
; what happens to victims,
209
,
232
; of women and girls,
221–22
.
See also specific countries of interest
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS),
397–98
,
412
,
447n1
compensation to victims.
See
victim assistance
Comprehensive National Strategy Against Trafficking in Persons (Colombia),
126
conflicting agendas,
173–74
Congo,
273
,
284
consent,
380
,
381
Conservative Party of Canada,
161
construction workers,
96
,
187
contract girls,
304
contractors,
138–39
,
144–45
Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (United Nations),
3
,
210–11
,
354
,
410
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms,
405
Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (Council of Europe),
323
,
345–46
,
354
,
405
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW),
94
Cooperation in the Prevention of Human Trafficking program,
412
corruption: government,
385
,
387
,
409–10
; police,
256
,
262
,
265
,
275
Cosan,
422
Costa Rica,
356
Cote d’Ivoire,
175–76
,
178–79
Council of Europe,
184–85
,
323
,
345–46
,
354
,
405
counseling centers,
296–97
,
345
crime(s): age of criminal responsibility,
205–6
; of victims,
433–35
,
437
.
See also
organized crime
Crime Victims’ Compensation Act (Opferentschädigungsgesetz) (Germany),
347
Criminal Intelligence Service Canada (CISC),
165
Criminal Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2010,
324–25
,
326–27
criminal prosecutions, convictions, and sentences,
295
,
437–38
; average prison sentences,
325–26
; for child prostitution,
326
,
337–38
,
343
,
349
,
386
; for child trafficking,
264
; for debt bondage,
309–10
; for domestic servitude,
326
; for human smuggling,
209
; for labor trafficking,
125
,
233–34
,
289
,
296–97
,
310–11
,
313–14
,
422–23
; minimum sentences,
168–69
; for organ trafficking,
154
; Protection, Prevention and Prosecution,
344
; for sex trafficking,
68–69
,
105–6
,
125
,
233
,
296–97
,
310
,
337–38
,
348–49
,
354
,
409
,
422–23
,
426
; for slavery,
246
,
422–23
; suspended sentences,
289
,
296
,
308
,
326
,
437
.
See also specific countries of interest
crisis intervention assistance,
363–64
crisis intervention centers,
362–63
cult practices,
269
cultural stigma,
142
culture,
279–80
Cyprus,
404–5
Czech Republic,
181
,
368
Czechoslovakia,
345–46
da Silva, Gomes,
415–16
,
429–30
Dalit/Scheduled Castes (formerly the Untouchables),
213–14
,
217–18
,
219
,
427
dancers,
148
,
151
Daniel Castellanos-Contreras et al. v. Decatur Hotels, LLC et al
.,
21
t
Daoud & Partners,
113
,
137–38
David et al. v. Signal International, LLC et al
.,
6
,
21
t
,
226–27
,
228–29
Davis-Bacon Act,
19
Dayal, John,
218
Dean Shoes Co. Ltd.,
255
debt bondage,
2
,
3
,
429–30
; aggravated,
309–10
; of children,
315–16
; compensation to victims of,
231
; development of,
221
; forced labor,
219
; after Hurricane Katrina,
226–27
; required elements for prosecution of,
309–10
; as slavery,
302–3
.
See also specific countries of interest
debt-bonded prostitution,
302–3
,
305
debt servitude.
See
debt bondage
Decatur Hotels,
21
t
deception,
250
Deegan, Barbara,
312–13
Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea (DPRK).
See
North Korea
Deng (former detainee),
257
Denmark,
85–86
deportation: of migrant workers,
359
,
434
; of Roma,
8
,
174
,
188–89
,
190
,
196
,
434
; of sex trafficking victims,
359–60
; of trafficking victims,
40–41
,
308
,
320–21
,
407
Detained Fast Track (DFT) process (UK),
321–22
,
328
detention camps,
184–85
,
299–300
detention centers,
257
,
299
,
307–8
detoxification centers, compulsory,
255–56
,
256–57
Devia Silva, Luis Edgar (a.k.a. Raúl Reyes),
121
Dewan, Sachin,
227
,
228
diplomatic immunity,
187
,
316
Dirty List (
Lista Suja
),
414
,
421–22
,
424–25
discretionary leave (DL) status,
320–21
discrimination,
174
; based on sex and social origin,
247
; against Dalit,
213–14
,
218–19
; gender-based,
79–80
; against immigrants,
185
; against men,
8–9
; against Roma,
185
; against women and girls,
8
,
185
,
197–211
.
See also
caste systems
displaced persons,
7
,
111–13
,
433
; children,
111–12
; vulnerability of,
431
,
433
.
See also specific countries of interest
divorce,
205–6
Djibo, Salou,
236
Djibouti,
356
Dobie, Keith William,
309
Doctors Without Borders,
95
Doherty, Pearse,
312
domestic servitude: child labor,
221
; migrant,
318
; sentences for,
326
; trafficking for,
276
,
288–89
,
356
.
See also specific countries of interest
Dominican Republic: human trafficking,
15
,
17
,
21
t
,
46
,
356
; visa exemption arrangements,
47
dos Santos, Aldina Hdonegildo “Diana,”
288–89
Douglass, Frederick, vii
droughts,
223
drug addiction,
204
,
205
,
286–87
drug detention centers,
257
drug trafficking,
203
,
276
D’souza, Joseph,
217
,
218
Dubini, Renata,
146
due process judge (
juez de control
),
388
Duffy, Helen,
7
East Africa,
175–76
,
379–80
.
See also specific countries by name
East Asia,
46
.
See also specific countries by name
East Baton Rouge Parish School Board,
23
t
East Jerusalem,
95
Eastern Europe,
162
.
See also specific countries by name
Eaves,
319
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS),
240–41
,
245
,
427
economic growth,
7
,
393–94
Economic Observer
,
252
ECOWAS.
See
Economic Community of West African States
ECPAT International,
84
Ecuador: anti-trafficking efforts,
127
; labor trafficking,
46
,
120
,
121
,
129–30
; sex trafficking,
331
education: for child victims,
223–24
; compulsory age of,
248
; from koranic teachers (marabouts),
241–42
Education for All policy (Thailand),
82
Egypt: human trafficking,
96
,
178–79
,
402–4
; organ trafficking,
151
El Salvador: anti-trafficking efforts,
127
,
390
; human trafficking,
15
,
375
,
379–80
electronic wage deposits,
70
ELN.
See
National Liberation Army
Elsa (trafficking victim),
418–19
Emerson, Laura,
168
employment: minimum age for,
163
,
242
.
See also under
labor
England,
326–27
entertainment industry,
250
Eritrea,
63
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