How Many Friends Does One Person Need? (33 page)

Moore, Patrick, 217

morality, 268–74

Morley, Edward, 218

morning sickness, 9, 103–6

motherese, 76–8

MRSA, 99, 100, 116

MUPs (major urinary proteins), 245–6

Murdoch, John, 219

music, 69–72, 78, 137, 217–18, 287

mutation, genetic, 49–50, 85, 115, 244–5

MySpace, 21

Na-Dene languages, 53

names, 41–4

Nash, John, 206

Native Americans, 123

natural selection, 7–8, 99–100, 115–16, 157

nature versus nurture, 184–5

Neanderthals, 127, 128, 138–41

neocortex, 15–17, 23–4, 29, 181, 272–3

nepotism, 35–7

Nettle, Daniel, 45, 207–8

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 40–1

Newton, Isaac, 119

night time, 83–4

Nocks, Elaine, 163

Nogués-Bravo, David, 150, 151

nursery rhymes, 78, 225

Obama, Barack, 9, 164, 167

odour,
see
smell optics, 118–19

orang pendek, 132

orang utans: ancestry, 122; capacity for theory of mind, 176–7, 179; classification, 274–5; extinction threat, 145; habitat, 132, 145; language, 196, 275

Organ, Chris, 120, 121

Oring, Lewis, 260

Orrorin tugenensis
, 132–5

Ota Benga, 267

Othello
, 198–201

oxytocin, 64–6, 262

pairbonds, 12, 13, 65, 239

Pakistan, 55

Paley, William, 114

parrots, 196

Partridge, Giselle, 251

paternity, 95–6, 254–8

Pawlowski, Boguslaw, 207, 238

peacocks, 70, 75, 258

pelvis, 93–4

penicillin, 99

Pennebaker, James, 237

Pepper, Gillian, 105

Perrett, David, 235

Pérusse, Daniel, 263

phlogiston theory, 185–6

Phoenicians, 55–6

Pinker, Steven, 70

Plato, 7, 33, 118
[Page 299]

Pleistocene Overkill, 150

poetry, 154–5, 182, 218–22

polygamy, 254

polymaths, 216–18

pop stars, 71

Popper, Karl, 280

population, human: density, 102, 151; increase, 109, 145–6, 157–9; movement, 130; sex ratio, 111–12

Portugal, primogeniture, 110–11

premature birth, 77, 85, 92–5

presidential elections, 164–9

Priestley, Joseph, 185–6

primates: babies, 85; brain size, 12, 22–4, 81, 272–3; brain structure, 15–16, 181, 272; colour perception, 19; diet, 90; earliest, 157; extinction, 144; female–female bonding, 16, 80; grooming, 80, 286; group size, 16, 23–5, 81, 273; mating systems, 253, 255; rank and mating success, 29; social interactions, 31–2, 35, 178–9, 282, 285–6; tactical deception, 29–31, 178–9

primogeniture, 110–11

probability theory, 184

Provine, Robert, 68

psychology, 161

Pygmy peoples, 131, 267

reasoning, 181

Reid, Thomas, 219

relationships: number, 24–8; quality, 31–2

religion: education in Scotland, 212–13; evolution of, 279–81, 288–9; evolutionary role, 9, 279–87; fundamentalism, 116–17, 119; geographical distribution, 102; moral system, 271–2; rituals, 284–7; shamanic, 284, 287

Renaissance Man, 216, 218

rhesus negative gene, 53

Rijkers, Toon, 148–9

risk-takers, 248–51

ritual, 284–7

Roberts, Craig, 105, 165–7

Roman: army, 27; empire, 153; occupation of Britain, 57; slaves, 57, 59

rote learning, 225–6

Russian Marxist biology, 117–18

Sahelanthropus tchadensis
(
toumaï
), 133–5

saliva, 245

San Bushmen, 33, 90, 182, 287

Sandell, Maria, 259–60

Sanz de Sautuola, Marcelino, 135

Saxe, Rebecca, 270

Saxton, Tamsin, 247

Schumacher, Arnold, 162–3

science: attitudes to, 215–16; education, 214; polymaths, 216–18

Scopes, John, 114

Scots: education, 212–14; migration, 35–8, 146, 213; origins, 50–1

Scottish Enlightenment, 213, 219

Scythians, 50–1

selection ratio, 238–9

sex differences in colour sensitivity, 17–20

sex ratio, 110–12

sexual selection, 8, 70–1

Seyfarth, Robert, 195–6

Shakespeare, William, 9, 198–201

shamanic religions, 284, 287

shared knowledge, 82–3

Shultz, Suzanne, 12

sickle cell anaemia, 101–2

singing: biological importance,
[Page 300]
69–70; Hebridean waulking songs, 78, 155; mothers and babies, 76; religious rituals, 284, 291; social bonding, 72

singles bars, 237

skeletons, 122–6

skin colour, 87–8, 89–92, 140–1

skuas, 261

slaves, 56–9

smell, 245, 247–8

Smith, Adam, 213, 219

Smuts, Barbara, 262

Snow, C. P., 217

social bonding, 71–2, 79–80

social cognition, 178, 181, 272–3

social contract systems, 285–6

social intelligence theory, 23

social networking sites, 21

social skills, 16–17, 233

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 216

sound, 184

speed-dating, 247–8

spices, 105–6

spine, 93–4

sports, 208–9, 211

starlings, 259–60

stone tools, 131, 137

story-telling, 81–4, 200

striate cortex, 272–3

stroke patients, 269

subconscious, 210, 246, 257

Suku Anak Dalam people, 132

symmetry: bodily, 206–7, 208; facial, 164–5, 258

sympathy group, 33

tactical deception, 29–30, 179

tall people, 162–4, 166–9, 207

tamarin monkeys, 254–5

Taylor, A. J. P., 223

temperature rises, 156–7

testes, size, 253

testosterone, 247

tetrachromatic women, 17–18

theology, 287–8

Thomas, Dylan, 22

Thornhill, Randy, 102

titis, 259

tits, 193, 260

Tomasello, Mike, 194

tools, 131, 137, 192

touching, 61–3

toumaï
(
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
), 133–5

traders, 54–6

tree-climbing, 134

Treherne, John, 217

tribal groupings, 25–6

‘trolley problem’, 269–70

trust, 63–6

tsunami, Indian Ocean, 145, 156

turtles, 98

Tusi, Nasir al-Din, 119

Tyrannosaurus rex
, 120, 121

ultraviolet radiation (UVR), 89–91

Upper Palaeolithic Revolution, 137

vasopressin, 262–5

Venus figures, 137

vervet monkeys, 195–6

village sizes, 27

visual processing, 181, 272–3

vitamin: B, 90, 92; D, 87, 90–2

Vivaldi, Antonio, 71

Voland, Eckart, 42, 227, 237

voting patterns, 165–9

Vugt, Mark van, 68

walking upright,
see
bipedalism Walum, Hasse, 262

war chiefs, 250–1

waulking songs, 78, 155

Waynforth, David, 231, 236

wealth: advertising, 233, 236, 241; differentials, 227–8, 230, 240;
[Page 301]
inherited, 221; IQ and, 207

Whiten, Andy, 29, 179

Wilberforce, ‘Soapy Sam’, 117

Wilson, Edward O., 5

Wilson, Margo, 259

Wilson, Sandra, 95–6

Winston, Robert, 217

women: attractiveness, 233–5; colour vision, 17–20; conversations, 75, 79–80; extra-pair mating, 258–9; female–female bonding, 16, 79–80; Lonely Hearts adverts, 228–32; marriage, 227–8; skin colour, 91; social skills, 16–17

Young, Thomas, 183

Younger Dryas Event, 156–7

Zulus, 90
[Page 302]

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