Healthy Brain, Happy Life (43 page)

BOOK: Healthy Brain, Happy Life
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5: The Birth of an Idea: How Does Exercise
Really
Affect the Brain?

Altman, J. “Are New Neurons Formed in the Brains of Adult Mammals?”
Science
135 (1962): 1127–1128.

Altman, J., and Das, G. D. “Autoradiographic and Histological Evidence of Postnatal Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rats.”
Journal of Comparative Neurology
124 (1965): 319–335.

Boecker, H., Sprenger, T., Spilker, M. E., Henriksen, G., Koppenhoefer, M., Wagner, K. J., Valet, M., Berthele, A., and Tolle, T. R. “The Runner’s High: Opioidergic Mechanisms in the Human Brain.”
Cerebral
Cortex
18 (2008): 2523–2531.

Brickman, A. M., Stern, Y., and Small, S. A. “Hippocampal Subregions Differentially Associate with Standardized Memory Tests.”
Hippocampus
21 (2011): 923–928.

Brown, J., Cooper-Kuhn, C. M., Kempermann, G., Van, P. H., Winkler, J., Gage, F. H., and Kuhn, H. G. “Enriched Environment and Physical Activity Stimulate Hippocampal but Not Olfactory Bulb Neurogenesis.”
European Journal of Neuroscience
17 (2003): 2042–2046.

Cassilhas, R. C., Lee, K. S., Fernandes, J., Oliveira, M. G., Tufik, S., Meeusen, R., and de Mello, M. T. “Spatial Memory Is Improved by Aerobic and Resistance Exercise through Divergent Molecular Mechanisms.”
Neuroscience
202 (2012): 309–317.

Chennaoui, M., Grimaldi, B., Fillion, M. P., Bonnin, A., Drogou, C., Fillion, G., and Guezennec, C. Y. “Effects of Physical Training on Functional Activity of 5-HT1B Receptors in Rat Central Nervous System: Role of 5-HT-Moduline.”
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology
361 (2000): 600–604.

Colcombe, S., and Kramer, A. F. “Fitness Effects on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Study.”
Psychological Science
14 (2003): 125–130.

Creer, D. J., Romberg, C., Saksida, L. M., Van, P. H., and Bussey, T. J. “Running Enhances Spatial Pattern Separation in Mice.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.
107 (2010): 2367–2372.

de Castro, J. M., and Duncan, G. “Operantly Conditioned Running: Effects on Brain Catecholamine Concentrations and Receptor Densities in the Rat.”
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
23 (1985): 495–500.

Dunn, A. L., Reigle, T. G., Youngstedt, S. D., Armstrong, R. B., and Dishman, R. K. “Brain Norepinephrine and Metabolites after Treadmill Training and Wheel Running in Rats.”
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
28 (1996): 204–209.

Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L., Kim, J. S., Heo, S., Alves, H., White, S. M., Wojcicki, T. R., Mailey, E., Vieira, V. J., Martin, S. A., Pence, B. D., Woods, J. A., McAuley, E., and Kramer, A. F. “Exercise Training Increases Size of Hippocampus and Improves Memory.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.
108 (2011): 3017–3022.

Eriksson, P. S., Perfilieva, E., Bjork-Eriksson, T., Alborn, A. M., Nordborg, C., Peterson, D. A., and Gage, F. H. “Neurogenesis in the Adult Human Hippocampus.”
Nature Medicine
4 (1998): 1313–1317.

Frick, K. M., and Fernandez, S. M. “Enrichment Enhances Spatial Memory and Increases Synaptophysin Levels in Aged Female Mice.”
Neurobiology of Aging
24 (2003): 615–626.

Gross, C. G. “Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain: Death of a Dogma.”
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1 (2000): 67–73.

Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., and Kramer, A. F. “Be Smart, Exercise Your Heart: Exercise Effects on Brain and Cognition.”
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
9 (2008): 58–65.

Hopkins, M. E., and Bucci, D. J. “BDNF Expression in Perirhinal Cortex Is Associated with Exercise-Induced Improvement in Object Recognition Memory.”
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
94 (2010): 278–284.

Ickes, B. R., Pham, T. M., Sanders, L. A., Albeck, D. S., Mohammed, A. H., and Granholm, A. C. “Long-Term Environmental Enrichment Leads to Regional Increases in Neurotrophin Levels in Rat Brain.”
Experimental Neurology
164 (2000): 45–52.

Jung, C. K., and Herms, J. “Structural Dynamics of Dendritic Spines Are Influenced by an Environmental Enrichment: An In Vivo Imaging Study.”
Cerebral
Cortex
24 (2014): 377–384.

Kempermann, G., Kuhn, H. G., and Gage, F. H. “More Hippocampal Neurons in Adult Mice Living in an Enriched Environment.”
Nature
386 (1997): 493–495.

Kleim, J. A., Cooper, N. R., and VandenBerg, P. M. “Exercise Induces Angiogenesis but Does Not Alter Movement Representations within Rat Motor Cortex.”
Brain Research
934 (2002): 1–6.

Kobilo, T., Liu, Q. R., Gandhi, K., Mughal, M., Shaham, Y., and Van, P. H. “Running Is the Neurogenic and Neurotrophic Stimulus in Environmental Enrichment.”
Learning and Memory
18 (2011): 605–609.

Krech, D., Rosenzweig, M. R., and Bennett, E. L. “Effects of Environmental Complexity and Training on Brain Chemistry.”
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology
53 (1960): 509–519.

Larson, E. B., Wang, L., Bowen, J. D., McCormick,W. C., Teri, L., Crane, P., and Kukull, W. “Exercise Is Associated with Reduced Risk for Incident Dementia among Persons 65 Years of Age and Older.”
Annals of Internal Medicine
144 (2006): 73–81.

Lin, T. W., and Kuo, Y. M. “Exercise Benefits Brain Function: The Monoamine Connection.”
Brain Science
3 (2013): 39–53.

Marlatt, M. W., Potter, M. C., Lucassen, P. J., and Van, P. H. “Running throughout Middle-Age Improves Memory Function, Hippocampal Neurogenesis, and BDNF Levels in Female C57BL/6J Mice.”
Developmental Neurobiology
72 (2012): 943–952.

Pereira, A. C., Huddleston, D. E., Brickman, A. M., Sosunov, A. A., Hen, R., McKhann, G. M., Sloan, R., Gage, F. H., Brown, T. R., and Small, S. A. “An In Vivo Correlate of Exercise-Induced Neurogenesis in the Adult Dentate Gyrus.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.
104 (2007): 5638–5643.

Rosenzweig, M. R., Krech, D., Bennett, E. L., and Diamond, M. C. “Effects of Environmental Complexity and Training on Brain Chemistry and Anatomy: A Replication and Extension.”
Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology
55 (1962): 429–437.

Smith, P. J., Blumenthal, J. A., Hoffman, B. M., Cooper, H., Strauman, T. A., Welsh-Bohmer, K., Browndyke, J. N., and Sherwood, A. “Aerobic Exercise and Neurocognitive Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.”
Psychosomatic Medicine
72 (2010): 239–252.

Stranahan, A. M., Khalil, D., and Gould, E. “Running Induces Widespread Structural Alterations in the Hippocampus and Entorhinal Cortex.”
Hippocampus
17 (2007): 1017–1022.

Van, P. H. “Neurogenesis and Exercise: Past and Future Directions.”
Neuromolecular Medicine
10 (2008): 128–140.

Van, P. H., Christie, B. R., Sejnowski, T. J., and Gage, F. H. “Running Enhances Neurogenesis, Learning, and Long-Term Potentiation in Mice.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.
96 (1999): 13427–13431.

Van, P. H., Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. “Neural Consequences of Environmental Enrichment.”
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1 (2000): 191–198.

Van, P. H., Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. “Running Increases Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis in the Adult Mouse Dentate Gyrus.”
Nature Neuroscience
2 (1999): 266–270.

Van, P. H., Shubert, T., Zhao, C., and Gage, F. H. “Exercise Enhances Learning and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Aged Mice.”
Journal of Neuroscience
25 (2005): 8680–8685.

Voss, M. W., Vivar, C., Kramer, A. F., and Van, P. H. “Bridging Animal and Human Models of Exercise-Induced Brain Plasticity.”
Trends in Cognitive Science
17 (2013): 525–544.

Young, S. N. “How to Increase Serotonin in the Human Brain without Drugs.”
Journal of
Psychiatry and Neuroscience
32 (2007): 394–399.

Young, S. N., and Leyton, M. “The Role of Serotonin in Human Mood and Social Interaction. Insight from Altered Tryptophan Levels.”
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
71 (2002): 857–865.

6: Spandex in the Classroom: Exercise Can Make You Smarter

Colcombe, S., and Kramer, A. F. “Fitness Effects on the Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Meta-Analytic Study.”
Psychological Science
14 (2003): 125–130.

Creer, D. J., Romberg, C., Saksida, L. M., Van, P. H., and Bussey, T. J. “Running Enhances Spatial Pattern Separation in Mice.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.
107 (2010): 2367–2372.

Kinser, P. A., Goehler, L. E., and Taylor, A. G. “How Might Yoga Help Depression? A Neurobiological Perspective.”
Explore
8 (2012): 118–126.

Lee, Y. S., Ashman, T., Shang, A., and Suzuki, W. “Brief Report: Effects of Exercise and Self-Affirmation Intervention after Traumatic Brain Injury.”
NeuroRehabilitation
35 (2014): 57–65.

Rocha, K. K., Ribeiro, A. M., Rocha, K. C., Sousa, M. B., Albuquerque, F. S., Ribeiro, S., and Silva, R. H. “Improvement in Physiological and Psychological Parameters after 6 Months of Yoga Practice.”
Consciousness and Cognition
21 (2012): 843–850.

Thomley, B. S., Ray, S. H., Cha, S. S., and Bauer, B. A. “Effects of a Brief, Comprehensive, Yoga-Based Program on Quality of Life and Biometric Measures in an Employee Population: A Pilot Study.”
Explore
7 (2011): 27–29.

Voss, M. W., Nagamatsu, L. S., Liu-Ambrose, T., and Kramer, A. F. “Exercise, Brain, and Cognition across the Life Span.”
Journal of Applied Physiology
111 (2011): 1505–1513.

7: I Stress, You Stress, We All Stress! Challenging the Neurobiology of Stress Response

Adlard, P. A., and Cotman, C. W. “Voluntary Exercise Protects against Stress-Induced Decreases in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Protein Expression.”
Neuroscience
124 (2004): 985–992.

Ansell, E. B., Rando, K., Tuit, K., Guarnaccia, J., and Sinha, R. “Cumulative Adversity and Smaller Gray Matter Volume in Medial Prefrontal, Anterior Cingulate, and Insula Regions.”
Biological Psychiatry
72 (2012): 57–64.

Arnsten, A. F. “Stress Signalling Pathways That Impair Prefrontal Cortex Structure and Function.”
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
10 (2009): 410–422.

Baek, S. S., Jun, T. W., Kim, K. J., Shin, M. S., Kang, S. Y., and Kim, C. J. “Effects of Postnatal Treadmill Exercise on Apoptotic Neuronal Cell Death and Cell Proliferation of Maternal-Separated Rat Pups.”
Brain and Development
34 (2012): 45–56.

Bannerman, D. M., Rawlins, J. N., McHugh, S. B., Deacon, R. M., Yee, B. K., Bast, T., Zhang, W. N., Pothuizen, H. H., and Feldon, J. “Regional Dissociations within the Hippocampus—Memory and Anxiety.”
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
28 (2004): 273–283.

Barbour, K. A., Edenfield, T. M., and Blumenthal, J. A. “Exercise as a Treatment for Depression and Other Psychiatric Disorders: A Review.”
Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention
27 (2007): 359–367.

Blumenthal, J. A., Smith, P. J., and Hoffman, B. M. “Is Exercise a Viable Treatment for Depression?”
ACSM’s Health and Fitness Journal
16 (2012): 14–21.

Bremner, J. D., Narayan, M., Staib, L. H., Southwick, S. M., McGlashan, T., and Charney, D. S. “Neural Correlates of Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Women with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.”
American Journal of Psychiatry
156 (1999): 1787–1795.

Bremner, J. D., Staib, L. H., Kaloupek, D., Southwick, S. M., Soufer, R., and Charney, D. S. “Neural Correlates of Exposure to Traumatic Pictures and Sound in Vietnam Combat Veterans with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Positron Emission Tomography Study.”
Biological Psychiatry
45 (1999): 806–816.

Davidson, R. J., and McEwen, B. S. “Social Influences on Neuroplasticity: Stress and Interventions to Promote Well-Being.”
Nature Neuroscience
15 (2012): 689–695.

Driessen, M., Beblo, T., Mertens, M., Piefke, M., Rullkoetter, N., Silva-Saavedra, A., Reddemann, L., Rau, H., Markowitsch, H. J., Wulff, H., Lange, W., and Woermann, F. G. “Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and fMRI Activation Patterns of Traumatic Memory in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder.”
Biological Psychiatry
55 (2004): 603–611.

Hendler, T., Rotshtein, P., Yeshurun, Y., Weizmann, T., Kahn, I., Ben-Bashat, D., Malach, R., and Bleich, A. “Sensing the Invisible: Differential Sensitivity of Visual Cortex and Amygdala to Traumatic Context.”
Neuroimage
19 (2003): 587–600.

Herring, M. P., O’Connor, P. J., and Dishman, R. K. “The Effect of Exercise Training on Anxiety Symptoms Among Patients: A Systematic Review.”
Archives of Internal Medicine
170 (2010): 321–331.

Hoffman, B. M., Babyak, M. A., Craighead, W. E., Sherwood, A., Doraiswamy, P. M., Coons, M. J., and Blumenthal, J. A. “Exercise and Pharmacotherapy in Patients with Major Depression: One-Year Follow-Up of the SMILE Study.”
Psychosomatic Medicine
73 (2011): 127–133.

Kannangara, T. S., Webber, A., Gil-Mohapel, J., and Christie, B. R. “Stress Differentially Regulates the Effects of Voluntary Exercise on Cell Proliferation in the Dentate Gyrus of Mice.”
Hippocampus
19 (2009): 889–897.

Kempermann, G., and Kronenberg, G. “Depressed New Neurons—Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and a Cellular Plasticity Hypothesis of Major Depression.”
Biological Psychiatry
54 (2003): 499–503.

Kitayama, N., Vaccarino, V., Kutner, M., Weiss, P., and Bremner, J. D. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Measurement of Hippocampal Volume in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.”
Journal of Affective Disorders
88 (2005): 79–86.

BOOK: Healthy Brain, Happy Life
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