Hard Landing (96 page)

Transportation Research Board, National Research Council.
Winds of Change: Domestic Air Transport Since Deregulation
. Washington, D.C., 1991.

TravelTechnics, Ltd.
A Failed Partnership: Factors Contributing to Failures in the U.S. Airline Industry
. Prepared for the International Institute of Tourism Studies, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., October 1992.

U.S. Air Coordinating Committee.
A Statement of Certain Policies of the Executive Branch of the Government in the General Field of Aviation
. Washington, D.C., August 1, 1947.

U.S. Department of Justice,
1985 Report to Congress on the Airline Computer Reservation System Industry
, Washington, D.C., December 20, 1985.

U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Economics.
Study of Airline Computer Reservation Systems
. Washington, D.C., May 1988.

U.S. General Accounting Office.
Airline Scheduling: Airlines’ On-Time Performance
. Washington, D.C., June 1990.

Vietor, Richard H. K. “Contrived Competition: Airline Regulation and Deregulation, 1925-1988.”
Business History Review
, Spring 1990.

Interviews

This list identifies the principal sources of this book, giving the locations and dates of each in-person interview. The list does not include follow-up and fact-checking conversations conducted by telephone or hundreds of interviews conducted as part of my work for
The Wall Street Journal
A few substantive telephone interviews are also noted.

I have identified the corporate and institutional affiliations of these sources, although for simplicity I have listed only those companies of relevance to this book. In cases where my sources worked for and were interviewed about multiple companies, I have listed the companies roughly in their order of significance to the book.

Finally, this list does not include a number of people who spoke with me on the condition that they not be identified as sources. Though valuable for gaining insights and for developing other information, material from confidential sources has been used sparingly.

Acker, C. Edward. Pan Am, Braniff, Air Florida, United Express. Sterling, Va., Jan. 7, 1993; June 3, 1993.

Amster, Barbara R. American. Irving, Tex., Apr. 29, 1993.

Arpey, Gerard J. American. Irving, Tex., Sept. 2, 1993; June 10, 1994.

Arpey, James. Continental, Texas International, TWA, Eastern. Miami, Sept. 8, 1993; June 16, 1994.

Babbitt, Randolph. Air Line Pilots Association. Herndon, Va., Aug. 26, 1994.

Baker, Robert W. American. Irving, Tex., Jan. 14, 1993; Apr. 23, 1993; Apr. 26, 1993; Oct. 14, 1993; June 10, 1993.

Bakes, J. Philip, Jr. U.S. Senate, Civil Aeronautics Board, Texas Air, New York Air, Continental, Eastern. Coconut Grove, Fla., May 11, 1993; May 12, 1993; June 11, 1993. Coral Gables, Fla., Sept. 7, 1993; June 16, 1994.

Barber, Randy. Eastern. Washington, D.C., Oct. 20, 1992; June 21, 1094.

Barrett, Colleen C. Southwest. Dallas, Apr. 26, 1993.

Barron, Gary A. Southwest. Dallas, Apr. 26, 1993.

Batt, Michael. British Airways. Hounslow, Middlesex, England, Mar. 2, 1994.

Becker, Al. American. Irving, Tex., Sept. 3, 1994.

Boies, Mary Schuman. U.S. Senate, Civil Aeronautics Board. By phone, Nov. 11, 1993.

Borman, Frank. Eastern. Washington, D.C., Jan. 29, 1994.

Bowler, Peter M. American. Hounslow, Middlesex, England, Mar. 3, 1994.

Branson, Richard. Virgin Atlantic. London, Mar. 1, 1994.

Bryan, Charles. Eastern. Miami, May 13, 1993.

Burr, Donald C. Texas International, People Express. Edgartown, Mass., Sept. 16, 1993; Sept. 17, 1993.

Carty, Donald J. American. Irving, Tex., Jan. 13, 1993; Apr. 22, 1993; Apr. 29, 1993.

Casey, Albert V. American. Washington, D.C., Mar. 6, 1992.

Coats, Sam. Texas International, Braniff, Southwest, Muse. Houston, June 9, 1994.

Cohen, Howard A. Civil Aeronautics Board. New York, Feb. 16, 1993.

Coleman, William T., Jr. Pan Am, United, U.S. Department of Transportation. Washington, D.C., Feb. 16, 1994.

Coltman, David. United, British Overseas Air Corp., British European Air, British Airways, British Caledonian. Herndon, Va., Mar. 17, 1994.

Crandall, Robert L. American, TWA. Irving, Tex., Jan. 13, 1993; Apr. 23, 1993; Sept. 1, 1993; June 13, 1994.

Cross, Robert G. Texas Aeronautics Commission, Delta. Atlanta, Jan. 16, 1994.

Dawsey, Melrose. People Express, Texas International. Edgartown, Mass., Sept. 16, 1993; Sept. 17, 1993.

Doke, Timothy J. American. Irving, Tex., June 10, 1994.

Edwards, Randy. American, Association of Professional Flight Attendants. Euless, Tex., June 13, 1994.

Feeser, Barbara F. American. Hounslow, Middlesex, England, Mar. 3, 1994.

Ferris, Richard J. United. Northbrook, Ill., May 27, 1993; May 28, 1993. By phone, June 7, 1994.

Field, Katherine M. Delta. Atlanta, Jan. 16, 1994.

Gardner, Sandy. British Airways. Washington, D.C., Mar. 16, 1994.

Gitner, Gerald L. Texas International, People Express, Pan Am, TWA. New York, Mar. 16, 1993; Mar. 31, 1993.

Gunn, Michael W. American. Irving, Tex., Apr. 28, 1993; Sept. 1, 1993.

Hedges, Denise. American, Association of Professional Flight Attendants. Euless, Tex., June 13, 1994.

Hicks, Bruce. Texas International, Continental. Houston, June 16, 1993.

Higgins, Dennis. Texas International, Continental, Air Line Pilots Association. Memphis, June 8, 1994.

Hopper, Max D. American, United. Irving, Tex., Apr. 22, 1993; Oct. 13, 1993.

Jackman, William E. Air Transport Association. Washington, D.C., Aug. 17, 1992.

Jamail, Joseph D, Jr. Northwest. Houston, June 15, 1993.

James, Russell. Avis. By phone, May 24, 1994; June 20, 1994.

Kaldahl, Wesley. American, Pan Am, Eastern, Capital. Dallas, Apr. 27, 1993.

Kelleher, Herbert D. Southwest. Dallas, Oct. 13, 1993; Oct. 14, 1993. Aboard American Flight 126 from Dallas to New York, June 14, 1994.

Kriendler, Jeff. Pan Am. Miami, May 12, 1993.

Kunstler, David. Eastern. Coconut Grove, Fla., Sept. 7, 1993.

Landry, James E. Air Transport Association. Washington, D.C., Aug. 18, 1992.

Lavender, Robert J. Continental, People Express. Kingwood, Tex., June 16, 1993.

LaVoy, Richard T. American, Allied Pilots Association. Grand Prairie, Tex., Oct. 12, 1993.

Lazarus, Marianne. United. Ft. Lauderdale, June 10, 1993.

Lazarus, Monte. United, Civil Aeronautics Board. Ft. Lauderdale, June 10, 1993.

Lloyd-Jones, Donald. American, Air Florida, Western. New York, Mar. 10, 1994.

Lorenzo, Francisco A. Texas International, Continental, Eastern. Houston, May 5, 1988; Nov. 7, 1988. These interviews were conducted as part of the author’s reporting for
The Wall Street Journal
. Lorenzo declined repeated requests to be interviewed for this book.

Luce, Charles. United. New York, Aug. 26, 1993.

Lum, Kevin D. Association of Flight Attendants, United. Rosemont, Ill., June 7, 1994.

Magurno, Richard. Eastern. New York, Mar. 11, 1994.

Marshall, Sir Colin. British Airways, Avis. London, Mar. 1, 1994. By phone, Mar. 22, 1994; Aug. 31, 1994.

McAnulty, Frank. United. Hounslow, Middlesex, England, Feb. 25, 1994.

McGregor, Steve. American. Irving, Tex., June 10, 1994.

McNamara, Anne H. American. Irving, Tex., June 10, 1994.

Melancon, David. Association of Flight Attendants. Washington, D.C., Feb. 24, 1993.

Miller, Ron. American, United, Continental. Irving, Tex., Apr. 29, 1993.

Morrow, Winston V. Avis. By phone, Mar. 7, 1994.

Murray, Richard. American, Continental, Mohawk. Arlington, Tex., Sept. 4, 1994. By phone June 11, 1993.

Nagin, Lawrence. United, Tiger International. Elk Grove Village, Ill., June 6, 1994.

O’Donnell, James V. Continental, Texas International, Mohawk. Galveston, Tex., June 9, 1994.

Olsen, Melvin E. American, Western. Irving, Tex., Sept. 2, 1993; June 10, 1994.

Olson, Frank A. United, Hertz. Park Ridge, N.J., June 28, 1994. By phone, July 11, 1994.

Onstad, Clark. Texas Air, Continental. Washington, D.C., Feb. 17, 1993.

Parker, James F. Southwest. Dallas, Apr. 26, 1993.

Plaskett, Thomas. American, Continental, Pan Am. Irving, Tex., Jan. 14, 1993; Apr. 21, 1993; Apr. 22, 1993; Aug. 31, 1993.

Putnam, Howard D. Braniff, Southwest, United, Capital. Dallas, Oct. 13, 1993.

Robson, John. Civil Aeronautics Board. Washington, D.C., Jan. 7, 1993.

Samuel, John. American. Irving, Tex., Apr. 29, 1993.

Shugrue, Martin R. Pan Am, Continental, Eastern. Miami, May 14, 1993; Sept. 8, 1993.

Sullivan, Jim. Continental, People Express, Air Line Pilots Association. Memphis, June 8, 1994.

Wheatcroft, Stephen. British European Air, BOAC. London, Feb. 24, 1994.

Whitehorn, Will. Virgin Atlantic. London, Feb. 28, 1994.

Wolf, Stephen. United, American, Continental, Republic, Pan Am, Tiger International. Washington, D.C., June 4, 1993. Elk Grove Village, Ill., July 20, 1993; July 21, 1993. Chicago, Aug. 25, 1994.

Zeeman, John. United. Tequesta, Fla., July 23, 1993.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

T
HOMAS
P
ETZINGER
, J
R
., grew up in Youngstown, Ohio, and received his journalism degree from Northwestern University. For the last seventeen years he has been a reporter and editor for
The Wall Street Journal
. His wife, Paulette Thomas, is also a
Journal
reporter. They have three children.