George F. Kennan: An American Life (123 page)

24
GFK to JKH, September 3, 1928, GFK Papers, 23:10.

25
GFK Diary, March 26, 1928.

26
See, for example, entries for December 4, 1927, and March 17, 1928,
ibid
. George mentions “Peck”—prob-ably Howard F. Peckworth, who graduated from Princeton a year after he did—as his only other confidant in a letter to Jeanette, October 20, 1928, GFK Papers, 23:10, but adds that they have the “sensible” arrangement of corresponding just once a year.

27
GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 23; Wilbur J. Carr to GFK, March 29, 1928, DSR-DF 1910–29, Box 548, 123K36/25.

28
Saul,
War and Revolution,
pp. 318–19, 434, 437–40. The Colby note, dated August 10, 1920, is in
FRUS: 1920,
III, 463–68.

29
Gaddis,
Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States,
pp. 98–104.

30
GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 23. See also DeSantis,
Diplomacy of Silence,
pp. 27–29; and Engerman,
Modernization from the Other Shore,
pp. 246–47.

31
GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 18–19, 24–25; GFK Diary, April 16, 1928.

32
Ibid.,
April 16, 18, May 6, 1928.

33
Ibid.,
April 16, May 6, 1928.

34
GFK to JKH, October 20, 1928, GFK Papers, 23:10.

35
GFK Diary, June 1928; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 25–27.

36
GFK interview, August 24, 1982, p. 10; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 28. See also, on the Riga legation, DeSantis,
Diplomacy of Silence,
pp. 30–31; Engerman,
Modernization from the Other Shore,
pp. 247–50; and, for an argument about the lasting influence of service in Riga for American Soviet specialists, Yergin,
Shattered Peace
.

37
GFK interview, August 24, 1982, pp. 10–11; GFK Diary, July 28–29, September 22, November 4, 1929.

38
GFK Diary, September 4, 6, 1929; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 27.

39
GFK Diary, August 5, 1928; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 27.

40
Ibid.,
pp. 28–30; T. W. Wilson report on the American legation in Riga, Latvia, February 20, 1929, Department of State, Inspection Reports, 1906–39, Box 128, National Archives.

41
GFK Diary, January 20, 1929.

42
Ibid.
; GFK interviews, August 24, 1982, pp. 10, 16, and August 25, 1982, p. 3.

43
“Report of Consul Carlson on Mr. George F. Kennan,” enclosed in F. W. B. Coleman to the State Department, May 6, 1929, DSR-DF 1910–29, 123K36/49; Wilbur J. Carr to GFK, July 18, 1929,
ibid.,
123K36/58.

44
GFK Diary, April 20, 1929.

45
Carr to GFK, July 18, 1929, DSR-DF 1910–29, 123K36/58; Raymond H. Geist to the State Department, August 4, 1930, DSR-DF 1930–39, 123K36/81; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 31–33.

46
Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis,
pp. 325, 331; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 34–35.

47
GFK interview, December 13, 1987, p. 8; GFK to JKH, March 8, 1930, GFK Papers, 23:10.

48
GFK Diary, January 26, 1930. See also, for the Femina, Richie,
Faust’s Metropolis,
pp. 459–60.

49
GFK to JKH, March 8 and 28, 1930, GFK Papers, 23:10.

50
GFK Diary, January 19, 1930.

51
GFK to JKH, January 3 and April 28, 1931, GFK Papers, 23:10; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 34.

52
GFK interview, December 13, 1987, pp. 9–10.

53
GFK to Ferris, January 12, 1931, JEK Papers.

54
GFK Diary, May 30, 1931.

55
GFK to JKH, November 16, 1930, January 3, April 18 and 28, 1931, GFK Papers, 23:10.

56
GFK to State Department, July 29, 1931, DSR-DF 1930–39, 123K36/99.

1
ASK telegram to GFK, August 5, 1931, JEK Papers; GFK Diary, included in entry for May 7, 1932; GFK to JKH, no date, GFK Papers, 23:10. See also GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 37.

2
ASK to GFK, three undated letters, JEK Papers.

3
ASK interview, August 26, 1982, p. 1; Alice Green certificate, Cours des Billettes, Paris, June 20, 1928, JEK Papers. The birth date is from a baptismal certificate attached to the American Consular Service Certificate of Marriage,
ibid
.

4
ASK interview, August 26, 1982, pp. 3–4; ASK Diary and Memorandum Book for 1931, JEK Papers.

5
ASK to GFK, undated, JEK Papers; GFK Diary, May 7, 1932; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 38–39; ASK interview, August 26, 1982, p. 4.

6
GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 39–40; ASK Diary, September 11, 1931, JEK Papers; GFK to JKH, October 18, 1931, GFK Papers, 23:10. See also GFK Diary, October 3, 1932.

7
GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 40; ASK interview, December 14, 1987, p. 2.

8
Ibid.,
p. 8; GFK to Jeanette and Gene Hotchkiss, November 1, 1931, GFK Papers, 23:10; GFK,
Memoirs,
I
,
40–41.

9
GFK to JKH, October 18, 1931, GFK Papers, 23:10. See also GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 40.

10
ASK to JKH, January 28, 1932, JEK Papers; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 41.

11
ASK to GFK, undated, JEK Papers; CKB interview, p. 9; ASK interview, December 14, 1987, p. 5.

12
KKK to GFK, January 14, 1932, JEK Papers. See also JKH interview, pp. 7–9, and KWK interview, pp. 2–3.

13
Eugene Hotchkiss to GFK, March 20, 1932, JEK Papers; JKH to JLG, July 8, 1983, JLG Papers. For more on the “match king,” see
Economist
385 (December 22, 2007), 115–17.

14
JKH interview, p. 10; GFK to JKH, June 24, 1932, and December 25, 1935, GFK Papers, 23:10; ASK interviews, August 26, 1982, p. 5, and December 14, 1987, p. 8; JEK to JLG, April 4, 2008, JLG Papers.

15
GFK Diary, May 29, 1932.

16
Ibid.,
June 13, 1932.

17
Ibid.,
March 24, 1932; GFK and ASK interview, December 13, 1987, pp. 13–15.

18
GFK Diary, June 14, 1932.

19
Ibid.,
January 1933, otherwise undated portion titled “Pocket Notebook.”

20
GFK Diary, April 7, July 13, August 4, 1932.

21
“Memorandum for the Minister,” August 19, 1932, enclosed in dispatch #650 from Robert F. Skinner to the State Department, DSR-DF 1930-39, 861.5017 Living Conditions/510; GFK to JLG, February 12, 2001, JLG Papers. I am indebted to David C. Engerman for bringing this document to my attention. His own evaluation of it is in his book
Modernization from the Other Shore,
pp. 254–55.

22
GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 28–30; T. W. Wilson report on the American legation in Riga, Latvia, February 20, 1929, section III, Department of State, Inspection Reports, 1906–39, Box 128.

23
ASK to GFK, November 8, 1932, JEK Papers.

24
For the pressures leading to recognition, see Saul,
Friends or Foes?,
pp. 254–90; and, for the State Department perspective, Henderson,
Question of Trust,
pp. 213–29.

25
GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 41; ASK to JKH, February 8, 1933, JEK Papers.

26
GFK Diary, January 1933, otherwise undated portion titled “Personal Notebook”; GFK to JKH, March 21, 1933, GFK Papers, 23:10.

27
GFK to JKH, May 1 and June 3, 1933,
ibid
.

28
Skinner to State Department, September 10, 1932, enclosing GFK memorandum on “The Gold and Foreign Currency Accounts of the Russian Government,” and Castle to Skinner, December 6, 1932, DSR-DF 1930–39, 851.51/2539; Skinner to GFK,
ibid.,
123K36/128. See also GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 49–52, 58.

29
KKK to GFK, January 29, 1933, and ASK to JKH, August 4, 1933, JEK Papers; Cole to State Department, September 23, 1933, DSR-DF 1930–39, 123K36/134.

30
Henderson interview, September 25, 1982, p. 1; J. V. A. MacMurray to State Department, January 9, 1934, DSR-DF, 123K36/151. See also, for similar speculation on Kennan’s motives for returning, Isaacson and Thomas,
Wise Men,
pp. 155–57.

31
ASK interview, August 26, 1982, p. 5; GFK to JKH, October 26, 1933, GFK Papers, 23:10; JKH to GFK, November 2 and 5, 1933, JEK Papers; “Daughter-in-Law Greeted at Tea,”
Milwaukee Journal,
November 4, 1933, clipping in JKH Scrapbook.

32
GFK to JKH, December 14, 1933, KKK to GFK, November 24, 1933, JEK Papers.

33
GFK, “Introduction” [to Bullitt,
For the President
], pp. v–vi. For Bullitt, see Brownell and Billings,
So Close to Greatness,
and Cassella-Blackburn,
The Donkey, the Carrot, and the Club
. The Wilson biography did not appear until shortly before Bullitt’s death in 1967.

34
GFK unpublished 1938 memoir, “Fair Day Adieu,” p. 1, GFK Papers, 240:2; GFK to family, December 2, 1933, JEK Papers.

35
ASK interview, December 14, 1987, p. 15; GFK, “Introduction,” p. xv.

36
GFK to JKH, January 6, 1934 [misdated 1933], JEK papers.

37
Ibid.,
GFK to Charles James, July 29, 1934, GFK Papers, 22:4; GFK to JKH, January 25, 1934,
ibid.,
23:10. The newspaper photos are in a family album in the JEK Papers. See also GFK,
Memoirs,
II, 119–20.

38
GFK to JKH, December 14, 1933, GFK Papers, 23:10.

39
GFK to JKH, January 6, 1934 [misdated 1933],
ibid.
; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 59–60.

40
GFK to Bullitt, December 27, 1933, Bullitt Papers, 17:5; Bullitt to Roosevelt, January 1, 1934, in Bullitt,
For the President,
p. 65.

1
GFK to ASK, December 29, 1933, JEK Papers.

2
Bullitt to State Department, December 16, 1933, DSR-DF 1930–39, 123K36/141; Wilbur J. Carr to William Phillips, December 20, 1933,
ibid.,
124.61/54; Merrill to Carr, December 24, 1933,
ibid.,
124.611/53; Bullitt to Roosevelt, Phillips, and R. Walton Moore, December 24, 1933,
ibid.,
124.611/55; Phillips to Bullitt, December 27, 1933,
ibid.,
124.611/53.

3
ASK to GFK, January 2, 1934, JEK Papers; GFK Moscow Diary, January 15, 1934, DSR-DF1930–39, 124.616/113.

4
GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 59; GFK 1938 memoir, “Fair Day Adieu,” pp. 8–9, GFK Papers, 240:2; Bullitt to Roosevelt, January 1, 1934, in Bullitt,
For the President,
p. 69. The National still exists—in a different era—as Le Royal Meridien National. See also, for the history of Spaso House and the Mokhovaya,
http://moscow.usembassygov/embassy/embassy.php?record_id=spaso
.

5
Thayer,
Bears in the Caviar,
p. 75; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 59.

6
GFK to Charles James, July 29, 1934, Douglas James Papers; Keith Merrill telephone conversation with GFK, January 9, 1934, DSR-DF 1930–39, 124.611/94 [this copy undated, but date determined from “Mr. Kennan’s Moscow Diary, 1934,”
ibid.,
124.616/113]; Thayer,
Bears in the Caviar,
p. 85; GFK to Rebecca Matlock, October 29, 1987, GFK Papers, 27:18; GFK 1938 memoir, “Fair Day Adieu,” p. 11, GFK Papers, 240:2. See also GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 63–64; and Peter Bridges, “George Kennan Reminisces About Moscow in 1933–1937,”
Diplomacy and Statecraft
17 (June 2006), 283–93.

7
Bullitt to Roosevelt, April 13, 1934, in Bullitt,
For the President,
p. 83.

8
Henderson,
Question of Trust,
pp. 262, 301–5; GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 61–63.

9
Henderson,
Question of Trust
, p. 303; ASK interviews, August 26, 1982, p. 7, and December 14, 1987, p. 4; Durbrow interview, September 24, 1982, p. 1. See also GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 63–64; and Thayer,
Bears in the Caviar,
pp. 85–86.

10
GFK to JKH, April 15 and May 7, 1934, JEK Papers.

11
GFK to JKH, May 19, 1934,
ibid.

12
Bullitt to State Department, May 9, 1934, DSR-DF 1930–39, 123K36/164. See also Thayer,
Bears in the Caviar,
pp. 85–86.

13
Robert F. Kelley memorandum, June 18, 1934,
ibid
.; GFK to JKH, June 24, 1934, JEK Papers.

14
GFK to Bullitt, July 6, 1934, Bullitt Papers, 19:8; GFK to Charles James, July 29, 1934, GFK Papers, 24:4.

15
JKH interview, p. 24; GFK to JKH, June 7, 1933, JEK Papers; GFK Diary, April 8, 1934.

16
GFK Diary, September 18, 1934,
ibid
.

17
GFK, “Runo—An Island Relic of Medieval Sweden,”
Canadian Geographical Journal
11 (November 1935), 255–64. See also JKH to GFK, December 2, 1932, JEK Papers; and C. Ben Wright, “George F. Kennan, Scholar-Diplomat: 1926–1946,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1972, pp. 36–37.

18
GFK,
Memoirs,
I, 21, 49; Carr to Skinner, December 27, 1934, enclosing comments from Green, Kelley, and Edward C. Wynne, DSR-DF 1930–39, 123K36/123.

19
Mrs. George Kennan to JKH, June 7 and 27, 1934, JEK Papers; GFK to JKH, July 1, 1934,
ibid
. For George A. Frost, see Travis,
George Kennan and the American-Russian Relationship,
pp. 112, 123–24.

20
GFK to JKH, August 1, 1934, JEK Papers.

21
Bullitt to GFK, July 20, 1934, Bullitt Papers, 19:8; Bullitt to R. Walton Moore, September 22, 1934,
ibid.,
T12:13.