Authors: Sharon Kay Penman
Tags: #Fiction, #Historical, #Retail, #Kings and rulers, #Llewelyn Ap Iorwerth, #Wales - History - 1063-1284, #Biographical Fiction, #Historical Fiction, #Great Britain - History - Plantagenets; 1154-1399, #Plantagenet
Benedict was not surprised, and therefore, not disappointed. He found he actually preferred such a pragmatic refusal, for he’d been expecting an exoneration based upon birth. But it was different for Jacob. For him, Simon’s refusal was shattering.
“How can you be so indifferent to our suffering? Do you care nothing for the fact that the blood of my people is on your hands?”
“How dare you make such an accusation? The killing in the Jewry was none of my doing, and well you know it!”
“Oh, I know you took no part in the killing. And I believe you disapproved of it, mayhap even deplored it. But my lord, that is not enough. Where is your outrage?”
“What in blazes are you talking about?”
“This man felt it!” Pointing toward Fitz Thomas. “He was appalled by the slaughter. Why were you not equally appalled, my lord? I know what is said of you, that you feel bound to protect the weak and the poor. It must be true, else these Londoners would not be so willing to die for you. Again and again you’ve shown a surprising sympathy for the downtrodden, the defenseless, and it does you great credit. But what people are more oppressed than mine? Why do you harden your heart against us? Why have you no pity to spare for the Jews?”
“Because you deny Our Lord Christ!”
There was such passion in his voice that Jacob took an instinctive step backward, dropping his cane. But with Simon’s next words, he realized that Simon’s emotion was not anger.
“I was taught that over every Jew, God holds His breath, waiting to see if he will decide for Christ. How can you give Our Lord such grief? How can you reject salvation?” Simon reached out, grasped Jacob’s arm. “It took courage for you to come here. Yours is a soul worth saving! Why will you not admit that Christ is the Messiah? Do you not fear damnation?”
It was utterly still. Benedict had moved to his father’s side, and he now waited wordlessly for Jacob’s answer. The rabbi met Simon’s eyes without flinching. “I think I can best answer you, my lord, by posing a question. I know you took the cross in your youth, passed some months in the Holy Land. Many of your fellow crusaders were taken prisoner by the Saracens. If that had happened to you, and you were given a choice between abjuring your Christian faith and death, which would you have chosen?”
“Death,” Simon said simply, with no bravado, and Jacob nodded.
“Just so, my lord,” he said softly.
As the implications of his answer sank in, Simon’s disappointment was as sharp as any sword. So intense had his desire been to bring Jacob from darkness to light that he’d convinced himself he would prevail, that this time God would not hold His breath in vain. He stepped back, released Jacob’s arm. “I’ll not deny,” he said bleakly, “that your people are willing to die for your beliefs. But that proves nothing. Not even martyrdom can sanctify a false faith.”
Jacob bent down, slowly retrieved his cane. “I’ve had my say. We’ll take up no more of your time, my lord.”
Benedict took his arm, expecting at any moment to hear a summons to stop, not yet convinced they could escape this particular lion’s den unscathed. But Simon watched them in silence, and after an endless trek, they reached safety, the enveloping dark of the stairwell.
A pall had settled over the room. Most of the men felt uncomfortable, without knowing exactly why. Nerves were on edge, tempers frayed, and when Guy made a dubious joke about John Fitz John and the money he suddenly had to spend, Harry almost hit him. Simon silenced them with a look, which stung more than words could have done. He now knew where Fitz John had gotten the funds he’d so generously put at their disposal. But he did not regret his refusal to punish the man. That was an easy decision to make, a soldier’s decision, the only decision. What disturbed him was his failure with Jacob.
“It was like watching a candle,” he said suddenly. “It flickered, seemed about to catch fire, and then guttered out.”
The Bishop of Worcester slid a wine cup along the length of the table. “You ought not to have seen those Jews, Simon. You’ve cares enough at the moment, need not take on any more.”
“I’m sorry I did,” Simon admitted. Picking up the cup, he then set it down untasted. “But after what happened in the Jewry, I suppose I owed them that much.”
“Nay, my lord, do you not see the danger in such thinking?” The Dominican Prior startled them all, so loudly did he speak, for all the world as if he were preaching a fire-and-brimstone sermon at Paul’s Cross. “You see now how insidiously they insinuate themselves, how beguiling they can be. They would take shameless advantage of our pity, if we let them.”
While the Bishop of Worcester agreed with the sentiments, he disapproved of the extravagant delivery; in his experience, the friars always indulged in unnecessary theatrics, and it irked him that they had such success in swaying the people. “It is sadly true,” he said, “what Seneca so long ago concluded, that no enemy is more capable of inflicting injury than a familiar one. I regret the killings, of course. Jews bear witness on our behalf that we have not forged the prophecies about Our Lord Christ. They are not to be harmed; they must be converted to the True Faith, to save their souls and to hasten the Second Coming. But until then, they must be strictly segregated, lest their heresies infect unwary Christians.”
To Simon, that sounded like an oblique rebuke. Had he indeed let his guard down too much? “I well know we must be wary of them,” he said, but still his disquiet lingered, and he moved restlessly to the window.
Fitz Thomas, sensing his mood, followed with a cup of wine. So did a contrite Harry, and Simon allowed his son to prop cushions under his leg, too tired to deny his discomfort. He leaned back in the windowseat, watching them both, and after a long silence, said, “When I was just a lad, about eight or so, my lady mother summoned before her all the Jews in the French city of Toulouse. She demanded that they renounce Judaism, accept the Christian faith. When they refused, she had them imprisoned, and gave their children to local families, to be raised as Christians. But even then, most of them still held fast. Only forty-seven would agree.” A look of surprise crossed his face. “Strange, that I should remember the exact number, after so many years…”
This was a story Harry had not heard before. Simon had told his sons how he’d been trapped in a siege at the age of seven, and he’d related how, when his father once needed reinforcements, his mother had led them herself. But this he’d never shared. “What happened to the Jews, Papa?”
“When my father returned to Toulouse, he did not approve. Oh, he hated Jews, hated all heretics. Indeed, when he suppressed the French Cathars at the Pope’s behest, he showed so little mercy that the Cathars learned to fear him more than Satan himself. Thirty years later, when I came to govern Gascony for the King, there were men who hated me for my name alone, because I was his son, so long and so bitter were their memories.”
Fitz Thomas silently held out the wine cup. Simon took it, drank slowly. “But if he would slay a heretic without qualms, he did not believe in knife-point conversions. So he set the Jews free, saying that was a poor way to bring a man to God.”
It was with a start that Simon realized they were all listening, not just Harry and Fitz Thomas. Setting the wine cup down, he got to his feet, making a conscious effort not to limp.
“What of the children, my lord? The ones taken from the Jews? Do you remember their fate?”
“Yes, Tom, I remember. The Cardinal Legate refused to return them to their parents, saying the salvation of their souls mattered more than kinship of blood.”
“My lord Leicester?” Slouching by the door, the guard straightened up hastily at Simon’s approach.
Simon glanced back at the Bishops of Worcester and London, knowing neither they nor the Dominican friar would approve of what he was about to do. As an Earl, a knight, a soldier, he was indifferent to the approval of his peers, following his own instincts, his own concept of honor. But as a Christian, he was obliged to heed other voices, to be guided by the ethics of his Church. He paused, then beckoned to the guard. “Those Jews that were here,” he said. “See that they get safely back to the Jewry.”
It was a long walk from the Tower to the Jewry, and much of it had been passed in silence. Jacob was oblivious to his son’s clumsy attempts at consolation. Benedict’s assurances that he’d done his best mattered little against the reality of Simon de Montfort’s refusal. After a time, Benedict, too, lapsed into silence, for by then he was aware of the men trailing them. They were not conspicuous, stayed a consistent twenty feet behind, but Benedict’s every instinct was alerting him to danger.
Curfew had rung, and the streets were all but deserted. As they moved up Fenchurch, they encountered few passers-by. They had not lost their shadowy pursuers. Benedict’s mouth was dry. Although Jews had been forbidden by the Assize of 1181 to bear arms, Benedict had a contraband dagger concealed in his sling, for he’d vowed never to be defenseless again. He fingered it surreptitiously, while studying Jacob’s cane; if need be, it could serve as a weapon. If only he’d been alone! He knew the narrow, twisting streets of the city well enough to outdistance any pursuit. But his father was too frail to run, too infirm to fight.
From time to time, he risked a glance back over his shoulder. The men had gained ground, for Jacob’s pace was flagging. They were close enough now for Benedict to notice the moonlit badges that adorned their sleeves. The badge was familiar—a crimson cinquefoil. Benedict had seen it that very night, worn by retainers of the Earl of Leicester. His thoughts whirling, he sought desperately to make sense of it. If they’d incensed Leicester as much as that, why had he not ordered their arrest there in the Tower? But what reason could his men have for following them, save evil intent?
They’d almost reached the end of Lombard Street; ahead lay Cheapside. “Papa, I do not want to alarm you, but—” Benedict’s warning went no further, for at that moment they were hailed by the City Watch.
“You do know that curfew has rung?” The voice was polite, for both Benedict and Jacob were respectably dressed. But as soon as the man’s lantern light struck their white badges, all deference vanished. “Why are you out on the streets at such an hour?” The tone suspicious, verging upon belligerence.
“We’re on our way home,” Benedict said swiftly. “We know it’s late, but my father was meeting tonight with the Earl of Leicester, and curfew rang whilst we were still at the Tower.”
“The Earl of Leicester?” The man nudged his companion. “Was that before or after you supped with the Pope?”
Benedict waited until his voice betrayed no anger; he’d pushed his luck enough for one night. “We were with the Earl. I am not lying.”
“I say you are! Why would the Earl waste time on Jews?”
“You’d best ask the Earl that.” The speaker, a lean youth with the sharp eyes of a huntsman and a voice brimming with lazy good humor, sauntered toward them, saying cheerfully, “Unlikely it might be, but true it is, too. Not only did our lord meet with them, he dispatched us to escort them back to the Jewry.”
The men of the Watch looked skeptical, but those cinquefoil badges were impeccable credentials. Saving face with a gruff admonition to be “off with you, then,” the Watch departed. Benedict was half-relieved, half-sorry to see them go, for it was not easy to put his trust in men who were strangers, Gentiles, and loyal to Simon de Montfort. “I thank you,” he said awkwardly, “but we’re safe now. There’s no need to accompany us any further.”
“I can see you’ve had few dealings with the Earl,” the young soldier said with a grin. “If our lord tells a man to perform a task, he’d damned well better do it! He entrusted your safety to us, and that means we’d trail you to the back of beyond if need be.”
They made an improbable quartet: the silent rabbi, his wary son, and the high-spirited, young de Montfort retainers. But as they approached Old Jewry Street, the soldiers proved as good as their word, disappearing into the darkness with a jaunty farewell wave. Benedict felt no shame at having so misread Leicester’s intent; suspicion was a survival skill. “Do you want to rest awhile, Papa?” he asked, and Jacob shook his head. They were almost upon the alley that offered a shortcut to their Milk Street house, but Jacob passed it by, and after one curious look, Benedict fell into step beside him. He had a good idea as to his father’s destination.
Their synagogue occupied the northwest corner of Old Jewry and Catte streets. It had been badly damaged in the rioting, partially burned, and although the surviving Jews had made what repairs they could, it still bore visible scars of the April attack. Like me, Benedict thought, raising his hand to his forehead. The moonlight cast ghostly shadows, here revealing a broken window, there a cinder-smudged stain. The smell of smoke seemed to linger on the air, and he wondered if his senses were playing him false. By night, the synagogue looked more like an abandoned temple than a living House of God, like the ancient ruins of a bygone people, a long-dead past. That was a frightening thought, and he tugged on his father’s sleeve with sudden urgency. “Papa…let’s go home.”
“Home?” Jacob turned at his touch, but there was in his voice a tone Benedict had never heard before, an echo of utter despair. “Home,” he repeated. “And where is that, lad? Where is our home?”
________
May 1264
________
The sun was at its zenith when they reached the hamlet of Offham. Jordan de Sackville, a Sussexman who’d thrown in his lot with Simon, gestured to their left. “That is the road to Lewes, my lord.”
“And risk being caught between the hills and the river? I think not,” Simon said dryly, marveling that he should have to point out so obvious a pitfall. “What I am looking for is a way up Offham Hill, bringing us out onto the Downs.”
De Sackville grinned. “Scriptures say that he who seeketh, findeth. Follow me, my lords.” And he led them west toward a hollow known to locals as the Coombe, where they ascended a winding trackway, emerging at last onto a broad, treeless upland. Simon saw before him an emerald carpet of new spring grass, strewn with the sunlit saffron of gorse and primrose, and below, the town of Lewes, ensconced within a bend of the River Ouse. Leaving their horses in order to elude any of Henry’s sentries, they continued on foot. The plateau was four hundred feet high, ideal for reconnaissance. The castle of Henry’s de Warenne cousin, the town’s narrow main street, the walled priory of St Pancras—all lay open to Simon’s appraising eye.
At first sight, Lewes put Simon in mind of Shrewsbury, for both had formidable natural moats. The River Ouse snaked its way along the east flank of the town, then swung in a circle, toward the priory. According to de Sackville, the river was tidal, rendering impassable any approach from the south. With the castle rising to the north, the town’s defenses were impressive, indeed. But as Simon studied the river’s width, those muddy marshlands to the south, a shadowy smile hovered around the corner of his mouth. There was one fatal flaw in Lewes’s defensive shield—it was open to attack from the west. Should an army descend from these heights, sweep from the Downs into the valley, the town’s defenders would have no way to retreat. Under a surprise assault, Lewes might well become a death trap.
“We can go,” he said. “I’ve seen enough.”
By the time they returned to Fletching, the small village where Simon had encamped his army, the sun was low in the western sky and random clouds were reflecting the blood-red of a Sussex sunset. The day before, the Bishop of Chichester had attempted—in vain—to persuade Henry to negotiate. Although he had no expectations of success, Simon had that morning dispatched the Bishops of Worcester and London with one final appeal, but they had yet to return. Night fires were already burning; his battle captains had gathered before his tent, where a harried cook was stirring salted beef in a huge, iron cauldron. The meal forgotten, they crowded around Simon as soon as he dismounted. He sensed, even in these battle-seasoned soldiers, some of the same unease that had infected the Londoners; they, too, seemed to take an obscure comfort in his physical presence. But he did not fault them for their fear; only a fool would face such daunting odds with equanimity.
“My news is good,” he said, as his squire brought forth a stool; although Simon’s injury was much improved, he knew better than to sprawl cross-legged in the grass as his sons, and younger men like Hugh and Gloucester and Fitz John, were doing. “Jordan de Sackville’s spies say that last night every tavern in the town was overflowing with Henry’s soldiers. So confident is he of victory that he allows his men to celebrate in advance of the event. He’s quartered in the priory rather than in the castle with Edward, ever a one for his own comfort, and even there men caroused till dawn, drunken knights sleeping off their excesses in the church itself.” Simon’s mouth was tightly drawn. As a moralist, he found such antics distasteful; as a battle commander, sheer madness.
Shaking his head, he said, “As amazing as it sounds, they have taken no measures to discover our whereabouts, have sent out no scouts. We saw but one outpost all day, on the Downs overlooking Lewes, and the men were dicing and arguing amongst themselves, never noted our passing. Whilst they know, of course, that we are in the Weald, they have no idea that we are but nine miles from Lewes.”
One of his squires was holding out a bowl and spoon. Simon accepted without enthusiasm; all his life, he’d eaten and drunk sparingly, and even though this might well be his last meal, he could summon up no appetite for the heavily spiced stew. “We are in agreement,” he said, “that Nicholas Segrave and the Londoners will form our left battle,” a decision too obvious to merit discussion, for the left wing was the position of least importance. Simon paused, his eyes searching out Thomas Puleston and the other Londoners within hearing range. “In saying this, I do not mean to impugn the courage of the Londoners. Some of these men fought with me at the siege of Rochester last month and acquitted themselves well. But most are green lads, poorly armed. It would be no disgrace should they break ranks before a charge of mounted knights. There may be a way, however, that we can lessen this risk. If the Londoners could outflank the castle, they’d have a better chance in the streets than out on open ground.”
The circle was suddenly lit with smiles, for Simon’s strategy offered a welcome spark of hope. There were murmurs of relief, and Nicholas Segrave rose with characteristic dispatch, went off in search of his raw recruits. Gloucester took his place, having gone back for a second helping of stew. Squatting there in the grass, he looked very young, his nose peeling, for the sun was no friend to redheads, a grease smear on his chin, carrot-colored hair wildly askew. But the blue eyes were coolly fastened upon Simon’s dark face, eyes that challenged even as he asked, with affected nonchalance, “And who is to command the vanguard—you, my lord?”
“No…the command is to go to my sons, Harry and Guy,” Simon said, triggering an exultant yell from Harry and an indignant, disbelieving sputter from Gloucester. Before the young Earl could launch into a diatribe of protest, Simon added, with poorly concealed impatience, “Sometimes, Gilbert, you jump ere you’re stung. I want you to have the center command.”
Deflated, Gloucester sat back in the grass. Guy was openly laughing at him, and for a moment he wavered between resentment and delight, but the latter won, for Simon had indeed conferred upon him a signal honor. Glancing about to see if it was one the other men begrudged, he saw on their faces perplexity. And only then did the full impact of Simon’s words penetrate. “But what of you, my lord?” he blurted out. “If I take the center and your sons the right wing, what command have you?”
“I mean to keep a force in reserve, the knights of my household and some of the Londoners. They shall be under my personal command,” Simon said, a statement that produced no enlightenment, only puzzlement. Even war-wise veterans like Fitz John and Humphrey de Bohun looked baffled.
Hugh le Despenser had enough self-confidence to admit ignorance. “I confess this is a tactic I’ve never heard of, Simon. We are already outnumbered by two to one. Do you truly think it wise to reduce our forces even more?”
“That we are outnumbered makes our need for a reserve all the greater.” Simon saw that he’d not convinced them, but their doubts did not trouble him, for he trusted his battle instincts implicitly, did not need the confirmation of others. “Unless the Bishops of Worcester and London have wrought a miracle in Lewes, we fight on the morrow,” he said, and more than one man released a breath soft as a sigh. So soon! “Ere the battle,” Simon continued, his gaze coming to rest upon Gloucester and the equally young Earl of Oxford, “I shall knight you both.”
“Indeed?” For the moment, his defenses down, Gloucester exchanged grins with Oxford. “What of Tom?” he prodded, and as Simon nodded, he jumped to his feet, calling out his brother’s name. He was often a trial to them all, but now their smiles were indulgent, each man able to identify with his excitement, remembering his own initiation into knighthood. Harry alone did not want to remember, for it was on an October day three years past that he and Bran had been knighted by their cousin, the man he would face tomorrow across a battlefield.
Humphrey de Bohun set his supper bowl down in the grass, where it was promptly snatched up by one of their canine camp-followers. Unperturbed by the ensuing laughter, he got unhurriedly to his feet. “Sunrise comes about four or so. If we expect to get much sleep tonight, we’d best get busy now.”
“Sleep,” Simon commented, “will be in short supply. I have no intention of waiting for sunrise. Come dawn, I want us within striking distance of the Downs.”
He saw that once again he’d startled them. A night march was no less an innovation than a reserve force, and warfare as they knew it was essentially a conservative science, mistrustful of change. But as before, no one challenged him. “Humphrey, you’ll fight with my lads. Hugh, I’d like you with me. You, too, Tom,” he said, and an enormously flattered Thomas Puleston quickly nodded assent. Simon looked thoughtfully at the others. Fitz John he assigned to Gloucester’s command, the experienced John Giffard to their weakest link, the Londoners under Segrave. “I know,” he said, “that some of you are dubious of a night march. I grant you it is an uncommon tactic. But tomorrow we need all the gains we can get. In failing to keep us under surveillance, Henry has been criminally careless, and I mean to take full advantage of it. Surprise is—” He got no further; the sudden stirring throughout the camp heralded the return of their peace envoys.
The grim faces of the Bishops of Worcester and London conveyed their message with no need of words. Their last hope had failed them, their one chance of avoiding war with their sovereign, and the men watched in sobered silence as the Bishops dismounted, delivered two parchment scrolls. “The King spurned your appeal, Simon, saying there could be no peace as long as you insisted that he uphold the Oxford Provisions.”
“You told him we would be willing to pay thirty thousand pounds, as reparations for damages done by our supporters?”
The Bishop of Worcester nodded tiredly. “It counted for naught. Henry’s brother, King of the Romans”—never had Richard’s title been given such sardonic stress—“insisted that all of the thirty thousand pounds be paid to him alone, to indemnify him for the loss of his Isleworth and Westminster manors.”
There was an astonished silence, and then, a burst of derisive laughter. Richard had never been popular with his brother’s subjects, for his were virtues—intelligence, pragmatism, business acumen, a lack of rancor—that found little favor with a populace that judged a great lord by reckless courage and open-handed generosity and prowess on the field. Now, none were surprised, only scornful, that Richard should put property above principle.
Simon broke the seal on Henry’s letter, moved closer to the fire, and read it aloud. Formally phrased, the gist of Henry’s message came in the last sentence: “We…do defy you.” Without comment, he reached for the second letter, rapidly scanned the contents, and looked up with a twisted smile. “I need read no further than the salutation: ‘Richard, by the Grace of God, King of the Romans, ever august, and Edward, of the illustrious King of England the firstborn, to Simon de Montfort, Gilbert de Clare, and all the accomplices of their perfidy.’ ”
The Bishop of London, known as a mild-mannered man of placid temper, now startled them with an outburst of unwonted bitterness. “They crave blood! Lord Edward’s exact words to me were ‘They shall have no peace, unless they put halters around their necks and surrender themselves for us to hang them up or drag them down, as we please.’ ”
Such provocative words acted like flint to tinder; men began to mutter angrily, defiantly. Simon took the letters, deliberately fed them into the fire. “So be it,” he said tonelessly, and unsheathed his sword, holding it aloft so that the shining blade reflected red flickers of flame. “I, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, do hereby renounce all allegiance to Henry Plantagenet, no longer acknowledge him as my King and liege lord.”
It was a solemn moment, and it showed on their faces. Men stared at Simon’s naked sword, and more than a few wondered how it had ever come to this, for Scriptures said that rebellion was as the sin of witchcraft. Then the Earl of Gloucester stepped forward. Whatever his failings of judgment, he had never lacked for courage, and drawing his own sword, he said in a loud, carrying voice, “I, Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, do also renounce…”
As Simon watched, one by one they followed his example, disavowed their oaths of homage. He looked at the tense, firelit faces: Humphrey, who’d be facing his own father; Hugh, who’d once seemed too light of heart, too fickle of purpose; John Giffard, to whose safekeeping he’d entrusted Nell and Kenilworth; John Fitz John, whose courage was unquestioned, but whose honor was tarnished, stained with Jewish blood; Nicholas Segrave, comrade of the Welsh wars, his Gascony command; Thomas Puleston, a Shropshireman by birth, a Londoner by choice; Gloucester and Oxford, rebels with the most to lose; the sons Nell and God had given him, whose blood was precious to him beyond measure. And he found himself thinking of the men who weren’t here. Peter, for thirty years his friend, his mainstay, caged at Windsor. Bran, his second-born. Thomas Fitz Thomas, who had pledged his life and his city in the cause of reforming the realm. The prisoners and dead of Northampton. Those he’d loved, those he’d trusted. Will of Salisbury, who’d found a martyr’s crown at Mansourah. Rob de Quincy, whose death had been a mercy. The Bishop of Lincoln and Adam Marsh, long dead, but not forgotten, never forgotten. Would they have understood?
The Bishop of Worcester was standing just a few feet away, and Simon moved toward him, touched the sleeve of his cassock. “Will you hear my confession?” he asked quietly.
The dark was fading at they came within sight of Offham Hill. There they left their baggage train, along with three disaffected Londoners—Augustine de Hadestok, Richard Picard, and Stephen de Chelmsford, Edward’s collaborators in the abortive Southwark ambush; only John de Gisors, elderly and ailing, had been judged safe enough to leave behind in London. After chaining the hostages within Simon’s custom-made horse litter, the army took Jordan de Sackville’s roundabout route, began their slow, cautious climb up onto the Downs. The grass was wet, the air cool, for it was only the 14th of May, all around them the first stirrings of a springtime dawn. They heard linnets trilling from the shelter of gorse bushes, the warning chatter of jay and jackdaw, alerting the Downs inhabitants that man had invaded their domain, the sudden, piercing shriek of the swift—aptly named the Devil bird—a sound eerie enough to cause some of the town-bred Londoners to grope for crucifix or rosary. But for every magpie to break cover in a flash of iridescent blue, there were hedge sparrows that remained unseen, birds that stilled their song as men passed by, ebony-eyed foxes that monitored their approach, sentries invisible and ever-vigilant.