Exit the Colonel (61 page)

Read Exit the Colonel Online

Authors: Ethan Chorin

BOOK: Exit the Colonel
2.52Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
CHAPTER 13
1
Chorin interview with Dr. Laila Bugaighis, May 28, 2012.
2
ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān Šalġam,
Ašḫāṣ ḥawl al-Qaḏḏāfī
(Dubai: Dār al-Farǧiyānī/Madārik Publishers, 2012) p. 53.
3
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
4
Chorin interview with Rida Bey, November 22, 2011.
5
Chorin interview with Maged Mahfouz and others, Winter 2011.
6
Mark Mazzetti and Eric Schmitt, “C.I.A. Agents in Libya Aid Airstrikes and Meet Rebels,”
New York Times
, March 30, 2011. The article implies that Libya fell “out of focus” as an object of intelligence gathering itself, after the rapprochement.
7
Ibid.
8
Lisa Anderson, “La Libye de Kadhafi,”
Monde Arabe Machrek
, no. 170, October–December 2000, p. 15.
10
Chorin interview with Ed Morse, Citibank, June 27, 2012.
11
Ibid., July 1, 2012.
12
Moncef Djaziri, “Libye: Les enjeux economiques de la “guerre pour la democratie,”
Moyen-Orient
, October-December 2011, pp. 78-83.
13
Ibid, p. 81.
14
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
15
Kenneth G. Lieberthal and Michael E. O'Hanlon, “Scoring Obama's Foreign Policy,”
Foreign Affairs
, May/June 2012.
16
Ibid.
17
Ibid.
21
Chorin interview with Karim Sadjadpour, March 4, 2012.
22
Alanoud Al Sharekh, “Reform and Rebirth in the Middle East, in Survival,” International Institute for Strategic Studies, April–May 2011, p. 53.
24
Chorin interview with Ahmed Sheibani, July 4, 2012.
25
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity, but also see Andrew Feinstein and Jean-Marc Tanguy in Bibliography for more information.
26
Bernard-Henri Lévy,
La Guerre sans l'Aimer
(Paris: Bernard Grasset, 2011), p. 279.
27
Andrew Feinstein,
The Shadow World
(New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011), p. 492.
28
Ibid., p. 491.
29
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
31
Daya Gamage, “Intelligence Partnership between Libya and the CIA on counterterrorism,”
Asian Tribune
, Washington, DC, March 21, 2011; see Asiantribune .com.
32
Dirk Vandewalle,
A Modern History of Libya
, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 146.
33
Feinstein,
The Shadow World
, p. 490.
34
Ronald Bruce St. John,
Libya and the United States: Two Centuries of Strife
(Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002), p. 10.
35
Shadi Hamid, “Tunisia: Birthplace of the Revolution,” in
The Arab Awakening
(Washington, DC: Brookings, 2011), p. 115.
38
Laura Rozen, “Hillary Clinton to UN: Stand with Syrian people or be ‘complicit' in rackdown,”
The Envoy
, January 31, 2012.
39
“Sarkozy: 2012 ‘Aam al Makhatir..wa lan naskat ala “al Fathihat assooriyya,'”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, January 21, 2012.
CHAPTER 14
1
2012 National Survey of Libya, Shabakat Corporation, International Republican Institute Survey of Public Opinion in Eastern Libya, October 12–25, 2011; see
www.shabakat.se
, quoted in newslist Marbo3a.
2
Some still insist it is the opposite, i.e., Saif is paying off the Zintanis to keep him from both the ICC and the NTC.
3
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
4
See
http://www.almanaralink.com/press/2012/06/18024/
; Declan Walsh and Eric Schmitt, “Drone Strike Killed No. 2 in Al Qaeda, U.S. Officials Say,”
New York Times
, June 5 2012; see
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/06/world/asia/qaeda-deputy-killed-in-drone-strike-in-pakistan.html?pagewanted=all
.
5
“Libya: The Uncalm South,”
The Economist
, May 12, 2012.
6
Asmaa Elourfi, “Libya: Al-Qaeda elements surface in Derna,”
Magharebia
, April 5, 012; see
http://www.uruknet.info/?p=m87084&fb=.1
7
“Dirnah MadÄ«nah LÄ«bÄ«yyah MahmÅ«lah Tukāfiḥ li-TabdÄ«d SÅ«ratiha' Kama'Qāl li- ‘al-Qāʿidah',”
al-Ḥayāt
/Reuters, May 7, 2011. p. 5.
9
“Irtiya' fi As-Shaari'a li tamdid fitrat al tasjeel,”
Libiyya
, May 15, 2012, p. 1.
10
See
http://www.al-bab.com/arab/docs/libya/Libya-Draft-Constitutional-Charter-for-the-Transitional-Stage.pdf
; the original drafters of the
bayan
(Baja et al.), perhaps taking a lesson from former Prime Minister Mustafa Ben Halim (one of whose main regrets from the 1960s was his failure to encourage political parties, a situation that he felt created vulnerabilities that Gaddafi all too deftly exploited.), felt the new constitution should encourage the creation of political parties.
11
Mahmoud Jibril, elected head of Alliance of National Forces,
Libya Herald
, March 14, 2012; see
http://www.libyaherald.com/mahmoud-jibril-elected-head-of-alliance-of-national-forces
.
12
Ibid.
13
“Ahzab al libiyya tu'aani min al tahmeesh wasat tusaa'id dowr qaadat al qaba'il wa milisheeaat,”
Asharq Al Awsat
, January 31, 2012.
14
Judith Gurney,
Libya: The Political Economy of Oil
(Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 85.
15
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
17
Christopher Stephen and Caroline Alexander, “Libya's Post-Qaddafi Government is Hobbled as Misrata's City State Thrives,” Bloomberg, February 28, 2012.
18
Mohamed Eljarh, “Federalism Would Preserve Libya's Unity,”
Fikra Forum
, April 3, 2012.
19
Ḫālid MaḥmÅ«d, “Raʾīs al-Maǧlis al-AhlÄ« fÄ« ḤaḍramÅ«t:Lan Naqbil illā bi-IqlÄ«m FadarālÄ« fÄ« al-Ḥadd al-adnā,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, January 20, 2012.
22
Salafism
and
Islamism
are highly imprecise terms, encompassing various strains of thought. Those who call themselves Salafis range from eschewing politics entirely (the “quietists”) to those who advocate violence to achieve their objectives (the “Jihadists”).
23
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
24
Shabakat Corporation, International Republican Institute Survey of Public Opinion in Eastern Libya, October 12–25, 2011; see
www.shabakat.se
.
25
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
26
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
27
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
28
Borzou Daragahi, “Delays to Libya elections spark concern,”
Financial Times
, May 30, 2012; see
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/19487524-aa63-11e1-8b9d-00144feabdc0.html
.
29
Ralph Chami, “Libya beyond the revolution: Challenges and Opportunities,” International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, 2012.
31
“Qatar's QNB acquires 49% stake in Libyan Bank,”
Arabianbusiness.com
, April 14, 2012.
32
Alex Blumberg, “How to avoid the oil curse,”
NPR Planet Money
, September 6, 2011.
34
Fathi M. bin Issa, “Some of us fight with guns, others with pens;” see
http://www.reinventinglibya.org/index.php
.
35
Ê¿Abd al-Qādir al-Aǧtal, “Ḥurriyyat al-Intiḫābāt wa Ḥurriyyat al IÊ¿lām Lā Yaktamil Aḥaduhumā bÄ«-dÅ«n al-Āḫar,”
Lībīyā al-Yawm
, May 28, 2012..
36
Compilation of Libya's print and broadcast media, MICT, January 2012; see
http://www.reinventinglibya.org/index.php
.
37
The judge who ordered Younes's arrest was found dead in Benghazi in late June 2012.
38
“LÄ«bÄ«yā: Maqtal 5 wa Iṣābat 20 fÄ« IÅ¡tibāqāt bayn Anṣār al-QaḏḏāfÄ« wa Ṯūwwār fÄ« BanÄ« WalÄ«d,”
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ
, January 24, 2012.
39
Gada Mahfud, “Go Bengo Go!”
The Tripoli Post
, May 26–June 1, 2012, p. 6.
40
Editors, “intikhabaat Benghazi duruus fi al amaliyyat al intikhaabiyya,”
Libya Al Yowm
, May 28, 2012.
41
Libya Country Profile 2012, USAID.
42
Ibid.
44
Chorin interview, source requested anonymity.
45
“Irtiya' fi As-Shaari'a li tamdid fitrat al tasjeel,”
Libiyya
, May 15, 2012, p. 1.
46
“Libya's election: A big step for a battered country,”
The Economist
, July 14, 2012, p. 43,
47
Ḫālid MaḥmÅ«d, “LÄ«bÄ«yā: al-Istiqālāt taÊ¿á¹£if bi-l-Maǧlis al-IntiqālÄ« . . . wa ḤakÅ«mat al-KÄ«b Taltazim aá¹£-á¹¢amt,”
aš-Šharq al-Awsaṭ
, July 9, 2012.
48
Chorin interview with Dr. Laila Bugaighis.
49
Assijin Assabiq fi Guantanamo Sufyaan bin Qummu, “Ana lastu min al Qaeda . . . sauqaatil ria al raayat assuda,”
Al Ahwal
, May 16, 2012.
50
Chorin interview with Dr. Issam Hajjaji, June 10, 2012.
CONCLUSION
1
Chorin interview with Libyan businessman Husni Bey, July 2011.
3
Most of these figures come from NTC and Ministry of Health sources in 2011 and 2012;
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/17/world/africa/skirmishes-flare-around-qaddafi-strongholds.html?pagewanted=all
.
4
Martin S. Indyk, Kenneth G. Lieberthal, and Michael E. O'Hanlon, “Scoring Obama's Foreign Policy,”
Foreign Affairs
, May/June 2012, p. 39.
5
Natan Sharansky,
The Case for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny & Terror
(New York: PublicAffairs, 2004), p. 3.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Periodicals
IN ARABIC
Aḫbār al-Ān (Libya)
al-Ahrām (Egypt)
al-Aḥwāl (Libya)
al-Hayāt (Pan Arab)
al-Kalimah (Libya)
al-Lībī (Libya)
al-Manār (Libya)
al-Mušāhid (BBC publication)
aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ (Pan Arab)
LÄ«biyah al-Yawm (Libya)
Miyādīn (Libya)
Quraynah (Libya)
Sawt (Libya)
 
IN ENGLISH
Daedalus
Dissent
Financial Times
Foreign Affairs
Foreign Policy
New York Times
The Africa Report
The Atlantic
The Economist
Tripoli Post
Wall Street Journal
Washington Post
 
IN FRENCH
Défense et sécurité international (DSI)
Jeune Afrique
Le Monde
Le Monde diplomatique
Manière de Voir
Moyen-Orient
Monographs
 
IN ENGLISH
Bowen, Wyn Q.,
Libya and Nuclear Non-Proliferation: Stepping Back from the Brink
(Adelphi Paper 380). London, England: Routledge Press, IISS, May 2006.
Chorin, Ethan,
Country Commercial Guide, Libya 2006
. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Liaison Office, U.S. Department of State, 2006.

Other books

Blind Run by Patricia Lewin
The Socotra Incident by Richard Fox
Autumn Fire by Cameron D. James
Center Stage by Bernadette Marie
Diary of a Player by Brad Paisley
The Last Empty Places by Peter Stark
Suture Self by Mary Daheim