European Diary, 1977-1981 (102 page)

¹⁹⁵
Roland de Kergorlay, b. 1926, was the chief official dealing with enlargement. From 1980 to 1982 he was head of the Commission delegation in Washington.

¹⁹⁶
John Kenneth Galbraith, b. 1908, Harvard professor since 1949 and US Ambassador to India 1961–3.

¹⁹⁷
(Sir) Reg Prentice, b. 1923, was Secretary of State for Education and Minister of Overseas Development 1974–6. He was MP for Newham, where his left-wing local party tried to disown him. Shirley Williams and I spoke for and with him at a very riotous meeting in the local Town Hall in September 1975. After he joined the Conservative Party he became MP for Daventry 1979–87, and a middle-rank minister 1979–81.

¹⁹⁸
They did not.

¹⁹⁹
An altered name.

²⁰⁰
Roy Mason, b. 1924, cr. Lord Mason 1987, was Labour MP for Barnsley 1953–87, and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 1976–9.

²⁰¹
Councillor George Canning, 1925–1981, who became Lord Mayor of Birmingham 1979–80, had been my Stechford agent, and later chairman, for many years. He was a man on whose opinions I placed great reliance.

²⁰²
Max Kohnstamm (Dutch), b. 1914, an adjutant of Monnet's in the later fifties, sixties and early seventies, was Rector of the European University Institute in Florence 1975–81.

²⁰³
Giovanni Agnelli, b. 1921, Chairman of Fiat since 1966.

²⁰⁴
Talleyrand was Bishop of Autun from 1788 to 1791.

²⁰⁵
Adolfo Suárez, b. 1932, was Spanish Prime Minister 1976–81.

²⁰⁶
Viscount Dunrossil, b. 1926, the son of Mr Speaker W. S. Morrison, was then Counsellor at the British Embassy to Belgium. Later Governor of Bermuda.

²⁰⁷
General Sir Harry Tuzo, b. 1917, was then deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Europe.

²⁰⁸
Victor Constâncio, b. 1943. Recently leader of the Portuguese Socialist Party, having been Governor of the Bank of Portugal before that.

²⁰⁹
Portugal was in a great balance-of-payments mess, and the IMF, as is their wont, were demanding stringent deflation as a condition of further credits.

²¹⁰
General António Eanes, b. 1935, was President of Portugal 1976–86.

²¹¹
Essentially the dispute was between my desire for a leap forward and his determination to stick to the traditional step-by-step approach.

²¹²
George Brown, 1914–85, cr. Lord George-Brown 1970, was deputy leader of the Labour Party 1960–70, First Secretary 1964–6, and Foreign Secretary 1966–8.

²¹³
Sir Robert (cr. Lord 1988) Armstrong, b. 1927, was then Permanent Under-Secretary at the Home Office. He had been my Private Secretary in 1968; Secretary of the Cabinet 1979–87.

²¹⁴
Jeremy Thorpe, b. 1929, was leader of the Liberal Party 1967–76.

²¹⁵
Lord Gladwyn, b. 1900, had as Sir Gladwyn Jebb been Ambassador to the United Nations and to Paris 1950–60. Deputy leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords since 1965.

²¹⁶
Michael O'Kennedy, b. 1936, Irish Foreign Minister 1977–9, and Finance Minister 1979–80. Member of the European Commission 1981–2.

²¹⁷
Sicco Mansholt, b. 1908, Dutch-nominated Commissioner 1958–73, President of the Commission for the unexpired portion of the resigned Malfatti's term 1972–3.

²¹⁸
Kurt Birrenbach, a CDU M.d.B with strong business and international connections, who had been a participant in most major international conferences since the 1950s.

²¹⁹
Richard von Weizsächer, b. 1920, President of the Federal Republic since 1984.

²²⁰
Denis Howell, b. 1923, MP for Birmingham, Small Heath, since 1961 and for All Saints before that, and always a great pillar of sporting (and pro-European) good sense within the Labour Party.

²²¹
Altiero Spinelli, 1907–86, was imprisoned by Mussolini 1927–43, a European Commissioner 1970–6, a ‘Communist and Allied' Member of the European Parliament 1976–86, and as the author of the Spinelli Report, one of the few people to have driven Europe forward in the early 1980s.

²²²
Gustave Ansart, b. 1917, was a French Deputy 1956–8 and again from 1972. A Member of the European Parliament 1977–81.

²²³
Nobuhika Ushiba, 1909–86, was a Japanese diplomat (former Ambassador to Washington) who was seconded to this role.

²²⁴
Charles Jenkins, b. 1949, is our elder son.

²²⁵
In 1977 steel and textiles were both in a state of depression as a result of declining markets leading to overproduction and cheap supplies washing about the world trying to find a home at almost any price. Commission policy was directed to anti-dumping rules, fixed ‘reference prices' (for steel), restructuring and use of the Social Fund for conversion and retraining schemes.

²²⁶
Panayotis Papaligouras, b. 1917, was Greek Foreign Minister 1977–8, having previously been Governor of the Bank of Greece and Minister of Planning.

²²⁷
Michael Astor, 1916–80, was the third son of Waldorf (2nd Viscount) and Nancy Astor. MP 1945–51, but much more interested in the London Library, the Arts Council and his own writing and painting.

²²⁸
(Sir) Stuart Hampshire, b. 1914, philosopher, was Warden of Wadham College, Oxford, 1970–84.

²²⁹
Hilde Himmelweit was Professor of Social Psychology at the London School of Economics 1964–83.

²³⁰
Tom Bradley, b. 1926, MP for Leicester, Labour 1962–81 and SDP 1981–3, had been my Parliamentary Private Secretary at the Ministry of Aviation, Home Office and Treasury 1964–70.

²³¹
Woodrow Wyatt, b. 1918, became Lord Wyatt of Weeford in 1987. A Labour MP 1945–55 and 1959–70, a friend since the 1940s.

²³²
Countess of Avon and widow of Anthony Eden.

²³³
Sir Arnold Weinstock, b. 1924, cr. Lord Weinstock 1980, has been Managing Director of the General Electric Company since 1963.

²³⁴
(Sir) John Jacob Astor, b. 1918, is the fourth son of Waldorf (2nd Viscount) and Nancy Astor. MP 1951–9. Chairman of the Agricultural Research Council 1968–78. My House of Commons ‘pair' in the 1950s, he became, and remains, an exceptional friend.

¹
Lord Zuckerman, OM, b. 1904, was Scientific Adviser, first to the Ministry of Defence and then to the Government, 1960–71. Secretary and then President of the Zoological Society of London, 1955–84. His greatest fame rests upon his nuclear knowledge and scepticism.

²
Gordon Richardson, b. 1915, cr. Lord Richardson of Duntisbourne 1983, KG, was Governor of the Bank of England 1973–83.

³
John Sparrow, b. 1906, was Warden of All Souls College, Oxford, 1952–77.

⁴
The 2nd Lord Faringdon (Gavin Henderson), 1902–77, a Labour peer of aesthetic tastes, had inherited Buscot Park in 1934.

⁵
Enzo Perlot, b. 1933, was Italian Ambassador to Portugal 1984–7, and is now Political Director at the Italian Foreign Office.

⁶
Comte René Boël, b. 1902, was former President of the European League for Economic Cooperation and a patriarch of Belgian internationalism.

⁷
Gaafar Mohammed al Nimeiri, b. 1930, was President of the Sudan from 1971 until he was overthrown by a coup in 1985.

⁸
The Lomé Convention (named after its place of signature in Togo and replacing the Yaoundé Convention negotiated by the original Six) was a non-reciprocal aid and trade agreement between the Community and forty-six African, Caribbean and Pacific states (now grown to sixty-five) which had been signed in 1975 and was due for renegotiation eighteen months before its expiry in 1980. This renegotiation began in the summer of 1978 and led to Lomé II which has now in turn been replaced by Lomé III. The renegotiation was already looming by the beginning of 1978.

⁹
In November President Sadat had visited Jerusalem for peace talks with the Israeli Government. In late December the Prime Minister had paid a follow-up visit to Sadat in Ismailia.

¹⁰
Konstantinos Karamanlis, b. 1907, had been Prime Minister three times between 1955 and 1963, when he started an eleven-year exile in France. With the fall of ‘the Colonels' he became Prime Minister again 1974–80, and was President of Greece 1980–5.

¹¹
Sir Henry Plumb, b. 1925, cr. Lord Plumb in 1986 after being elected President of the European Parliament, of which he had been a Member since 1979.

¹²
Lord Greenwood of Rossendale, 1911–82, had been a Labour MP 1946–70, and was a Minister in the first Wilson Government.

¹³
Lord Trevelyan, 1905–85, had been Ambassador to Cairo at the time of Suez and subsequently to Moscow.

¹⁴
The
Cour des Comptes
had been established in October 1977 with an Irish Treasury official, M. N. Murphy, as President and Sir Norman Price, former Chairman of the Board of Inland Revenue, as the British member.

¹⁵
Gunnar Riberholdt, b. 1933, was Danish Permanent Representative to the European Community 1977–84, when he became Danish Ambassador in Paris.

¹⁶
William Whitelaw, b. 1918, cr. Viscount Whitelaw 1983, was then deputy leader of the Opposition and was to be Home Secretary 1979–83, and Lord President of the Council and leader of the House of Lords 1983–8.

¹⁷
Shirley Williams, now Mrs Richard Neustadt, b. 1930, was then Secretary of State for Education and Science, and became President of the Social Democratic Party 1982–8.

¹⁸
Sir John Baring, b. 1928, is now Chairman of Baring Brothers and of the Rhodes Trust.

¹⁹
Lionel Murray, b. 1922, cr. Lord Murray 1985, was General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress 1973–84.

²⁰
Gwyneth Dunwoody, b. 1930, Labour MP for Exeter 1966–70, and for Crewe since 1974.

²¹
Andries van Agt, b. 1931, was Dutch Minister of Justice 1971–7, and Prime Minister 1977–82. Subsequently Community Representative in Tokyo.

²²
Guy de Jonquières, b. 1945, was
Financial Times
correspondent in Brussels 1976–9, and is now its international business editor. Diana de Jonquières became my research assistant 1984–8.

²³
Claude Pierre-Brossolette, b. 1928, was a
Finances
adjutant of Giscard's who became his Secretary-General at the Elysée 1974–6, and then head of Crédit Lyonnais 1976–82.

²⁴
Baron Geoffroy de Courcel, b. 1912, was French Ambassador in London 1962–72, and Secretary-General at the Quai d'Orsay 1973–7.

²⁵
Pierre Uri, b. 1911, was Economic Adviser to the Common Market 1958–9.

²⁶
Etienne Hirsch, b. 1901, was President of the Euratom Commission 1959–62.

²⁷
Robert Schuman, 1886–1963, was Prime Minister of France 1947–8, and Foreign Minister 1948–52.

²⁸
Monetary Compensatory Amounts are, when positive, the adjustments which make a green pound or a green franc worth more than an ordinary pound or franc, and, when negative, make a green D-mark worth less than an ordinary one. A country with positive MCAs can improve its farmers' incomes without any increase in Community agricultural prices (although at a cost to its own food price index) by reducing them.

²⁹
Hugh Thomas, b. 1931, cr. Lord Thomas of Swynnerton 1981, was Professor of History at Reading University 1966–76.

³⁰
David Watt, 1932–87, was a
Financial Times
and
Times
columnist, and Director of the Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House 1978–83.

³¹
Michael Stewart, b. 1906, cr. Lord Stewart of Fulham 1976, was Foreign Secretary 1965–6 and 1968–70, as well as holding other senior posts in the first Wilson Government.

³²
Richard Mayne, b. 1926, had worked on Monnet's staff and translated his memoirs into English. He was head of the Commission office in London 1973–9.

³³
She was writing a biography of him.

³⁴
(Sir) Raymond Carr, b. 1919, was Warden of St Antony's College, Oxford, 1968–87.

³⁵
The next meeting of the European Council, due on 7 April.

³⁶
(Sir) Victor Garland, b. 1934, became Australian High Commissioner in London 1981–3.