Eisenhower (78 page)

  
2
why the antagonism ran so deep:
Whitman, March 25, 1960, entry, March 1960 (1) folder, box 11, ACW Diary Series, Whitman File.

  
3
pursue the presidency against each other:
Moos to DDE, memo, April 14, 1960, Staff Notes April 1960 (2) folder, box 49, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File.

  
4
“completely untrustworthy”:
Whitman, Feb. 3, 1959, entry, Feb. 1959 (2) folder, box 10, ACW Diary Series, Whitman File.

  
5
compared to how Johnson described Ike:
Ibid.

  
6
Kennedy’s candidacy as well:
Memorandum of Conversation with the President, May 18, 1960, Staff Notes May 1960 (1) folder, box 50, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File.

  
7
third or fourth tally: Los Angeles Times
, July 10, 1960.

  
8
his inaccurate predictions that week: Los Angeles Times
, July 14, 1960.

  
9
as about the new Democratic pairing: Los Angeles Times
, July 15, 1960.

10
“To your hands I pray”:
DDE to Nixon, telegram, July 27, 1960, July 1960 folder, box 11, ACW Diary Series, Whitman File.

11
mirrored Ike’s own preferences:
Ibid. Stephen Ambrose records that Eisenhower was disappointed with the selection of Lodge, having hoped “up to the end” that either Anderson or Gruenther would receive the nomination (
Eisenhower, the President
, p. 598). He supplies no citation for that claim, which is undermined by the telegram and other evidence in the Eisenhower Papers, as well as by Nixon’s memoir,
Six Crises
, in which he states that Ike favored Lodge (pp. 317–18).

12
apologized profusely:
Whitman, July 31, 1960, entry, July 1960 folder, box 11, ACW Diary Series, Whitman File.

13
“If you give me a week”:
This exchange comes from the president’s news conference of Aug. 24, 1960, APP.

14
it was too late:
Hagerty, oral history interview, p. 521.

15
“The Vice President”:
Whitman, Aug. 30, 1960, entry, Aug. 1960 (1) folder, box 11, ACW Diary Series, Whitman File.

16
“What for?”:
Hughes,
Ordeal of Power
, p. 318.

17
“the situation remains so confused”:
DDE, Aug. 16, 1960, entry, DDE Diary, Whitman File, in
FRUS South and Southeast Asia, 1958–60
, vol. 16, p. 802.

18
at a Laotian airport:
Ibid., pp. 1003–4.

19
resupply the government:
Memorandum for the Record of a Telephone Conversation Between the President and the President’s Staff Assistant, Dec. 14, 1960, DDE Diary, Whitman File, in ibid., pp. 1008–9.

20
fighting unilaterally in the region:
Memorandum of a Conference with the President, Dec. 31, 1960, DDE Diary, Whitman File, in ibid., pp. 1024–29.

21
invited Belgian troops to protect whites there:
453rd NSC Meeting, July 25, 1960, box 12, NSC Series, Whitman File.

22
forgot even to bring money:
UN Mission to State Department, memo, July 25, 1960, in
FRUS 1958–60
, vol. 14,
Africa
, p. 351. See also: 453rd NSC Meeting.

23
under Soviet protection:
Bureau of Intelligence and Research to Secretary of State, memo, July 25, 1960, in ibid., p. 355.

24
proposed a three-week tour of the United States:
453rd NSC Meeting.

25
“are trying to take control of this”:
Memorandum of Conference with the President, Aug. 1, 1960, in
FRUS 1958–60
, vol. 14,
Africa
, p. 377.

26
“we would all be in the fight”:
454th NSC Meeting, Aug. 1, 1960, box 12, NSC Series, Whitman File.

27
“Decisive period not far off”:
Untitled CIA cable, Aug. 18, 1960, available through CIA Lumumba FOIA files.

28
“was in Soviet pay”:
456th NSC Meeting, Aug. 18, 1960, box 13, NSC Series, Whitman File.

29
“too ghastly to contemplate”:
Ibid.

30
“came across to me”:
“Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders,”
An Interim Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities
, known generally as the Church Committee, p. 55.

31
“throw Lumumba out by peaceful means”:
456th NSC Meeting.

32
“fall into a river of crocodiles”:
DDE, Sept. 19, 1960, entry, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File, in
FRUS 1958–60
, vol. 14,
Africa
, p. 495.

33
no methods as off-limits:
Church Committee, p. 61.

34
running the government:
Congo Embassy to State Department, telegram, Sept. 18, 1960, in
FRUS 1958–60
, vol. 14,
Africa
, p. 494.

35
U.S. military strength:
CIA briefings of Kennedy and Johnson, July 23 and 28, 1960. Details in Allen Dulles memorandum of Aug. 3, contained in Dulles Papers and available online at
http://www.thespacereview.com/archive/523.pdf
.

36
contested by official estimates, if not outright false:
For a particularly comprehensive study of Kennedy’s statements regarding the missile gap, see Christopher A. Preble, “Who Ever Believed in the ‘Missile Gap’?”
Presidential Studies Quarterly
33, no. 4 (Dec. 2003).

37
“the spread of communist influence”:
Kennedy speech in Houston, Sept. 2, 1960.

38
the Soviet premier was not done yet: Los Angeles Times
, Oct. 2, 1960.

39
gave up and adjourned the session: Los Angeles Times
, Oct. 13, 1960.

40
led in fourteen states with 123 votes:
Associated Press survey, Oct. 2, 1960.

41
more thoughtful, less glib:
Whitman, Oct. 14, 1960, entry, Oct. 1960 (1) folder, box 11, ACW Diary Series, Whitman File.

42
“Things I shall never understand”:
Ibid.

43
have the senator intervene:
Taylor Branch,
Parting the Waters
, p. 361.

44
dressed down Shriver and Wofford:
Ibid., pp. 364–68.

45
“Imagine Martin Luther King”:
Ibid., p. 370.

46
“the right kind of leadership”:
Pre-election Address, Nov. 7, 1960, box 38, Speech Series, Whitman File.

47
“The first four ballots cast”:
DDE to Nixon, cable, Nov. 8, 1960, doc. 1695, HP.

48
“I want to express to you both”:
DDE to Nixon, Nov. 9, 1960, doc. 1699, HP.

49
worst of his life:
Slater,
The Ike I Knew
, p. 230.

50
“down the drain”:
Whitman, Nov. 10, 1960, entry, Nov. 1960 folder, box 11, ACW Diary Series, Whitman File. This file was inexplicably missing from the DDEPL archives in early 2011.

51
“like I had been hit”:
DDE to Murphy, Nov. 20, 1960, doc. 1711, HP.

52
cost the Republican ticket:
Slater,
The Ike I Knew
, p. 230.

53
“just do not give a damn”:
Memorandum for the Record, Dec. 28, 1960, Staff Notes Dec. 1960 folder, box 55, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File.

54
“the hell with them”:
Ibid.

55
do anything he was asked:
Whitman, Dec. 29, 1960, entry, Dec. 1960 folder, box 11, ACW Diary Series, Whitman File.

56
machine guns, and possibly tanks:
Briefings Dec. 1960, box 55, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File. Although the quoted document is undated, it was filed with briefing materials from Dec. 1960, so it appears to be an analysis presented late in the year. It is titled “Military Buildup in Cuba—CIA Rpt.”

57
“We shall seek and use”:
DDE to Macmillan, Aug. 8, 1960, doc. 1606, HP.

58
presumably would support it:
Herter to DDE, memo, Dec. 2, 1960, Christian Herter Dec. 1960 folder, box 13, Dulles-Herter Series, Whitman File.

59
“He recognized that some day”:
Jan. 12, 1961, entry, Staff Notes Jan. 1961 folder, box 55, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File.

60
“perhaps the real point”:
Ibid.

61
for at least several months:
Ibid.

62
rather as a relic:
Whitman, Aug. 19, 1960, entry, Aug. 1960 (1) folder, box 11, ACW Diary Series, Whitman File.

63
worried about becoming bored:
Hagerty, oral history interview, pp. 548–49.

64
“The festivities”:
Susan Eisenhower,
Mrs. Ike
, p. 301.

65
kept a light schedule:
Dec. 23–26, 1960, Presidential Appointment Books, DDEPL.

66
“During my entire life”:
DDE to Alfred Gruenther, Dec. 26, 1960, doc. 1743, HP. Because Eisenhower sent the letter to a number of friends, copies of it appear in various places; the citation here merely refers to one of the most easily accessed.

CHAPTER
19:
FAREWELL

  
1
“message of leave-taking and farewell”:
Eisenhower’s Farewell Address is widely available in transcript and audio and video formats. Unless otherwise noted, quotations in this chapter are taken from the reading copy on file with DDEPL, as checked against the videotaped version of the speech as delivered.

  
2
say something meaningful:
Malcolm Moos, oral history interview, p. 33.

  
3
Congress and the American people:
Moos memo for the record, May 20, 1959, Farewell Address (1) folder, box 16, Arthur Larson and Malcolm C. Moos Records, DDEPL.

  
4
the American leader whom Eisenhower’s career most resembled:
H. P. Harding to Andy Goodpaster, April 6, 1960, Farewell Address (1) folder, box 16, Larson and Moos Records.

  
5
it no longer seems visionary:
Ellis,
His Excellency: George Washington
, pp. 230–37.

  
6
“The great rule of conduct”:
Text of Washington’s Farewell Address courtesy of the Avalon Project of Yale Law School, at
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/washing.asp
.

  
7
not sharp breaks or impulsive leaps:
Memorandum for File, Ideas for 1961 State of the Union, Oct. 31, 1960, Chronological (1) folder, Williams Papers.