Dinosaurs in the Attic (42 page)

Akeley, Carl E.
In Brightest Africa.
Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1923.

Akeley, Mary L. Jobe. Unpublished journals. Rare Book Room, American Museum of Natural History.

Akeley, Mary L. Jobe.
Carl Akeley's Africa.
New York: Dodd Mead & Co., 1929.

Allen, Joel Asaph.
Autobiographical Notes and a Bibliography of the Scientific Publications.
New York, 1916.

American Museum Journal, 1900-1918. New York: American Museum of Natural History.

American Museum of Natural History,
Annual Reports,
1869–. New York: American Museum of Natural History.

American Museum Novitates, 1923–. New York: American Museum of Natural History.

American Museum of Natural History.
Central Asiatic Expeditions, Preliminary Reports. Vol.
1 1918–1925.
Vol.
2 1926–1929. New York.

American Museum of Natural History. Science Guides, Nos. 1–137, 1901–1958.

Andrews, Roy Chapman. Unpublished field journals, Central Asiatic Expedition, 1919–1930. Rare Book Room, American Museum of Natural History.

Andrews, Roy Chapman.
Ends of the Earth.
New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1929.

Andrews, Roy Chapman.
On the Trail of Ancient Man.
New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1929.

Andrews, Roy Chapman, et. al.
The New Conquest of Central Asia.
New York, American Museum of Natural History, 1932.

Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 1907–. New York.

Barber, Lynn.
The Heyday of Natural History, 1820–1870.
Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1980.

Bickmore, Albert S.
An Autobiography with a Historical Sketch of the Founding and Early Development of the American Museum of Natural History.
Unpublished MS, Rare Book Room, American Museum of Natural History.

Bird, Junius B.
The "Copper Man
":
A Prehistoric Miner and His Tools from Northern Chile.
Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Pre-Columbian Metallurgy of South America, 1975.

Boas, Franz.
Kwakiutl Culture as Reflected in Mythology.
Memoirs of the Folk-Lore Society, Vol. 28, 1935.

Boas, Franz.
Race, Language and Culture.
New York: MacMillan, 1940.

Boas, Franz.
Arctic Exploration and Its Object.
Unbound octavo pamphlet, n.d. American Museum of Natural History.

Burden, W. Douglas.
Dragon Lizards of Komodo.
New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1927.

Brown, Barnum.
Collected Papers.
Volume 1 & 2. (Collection of papers published in many journals, magazines, and monographs. New York: Assembled by the American Museum of Natural History. 1897–1944.)

Brown, William Adams.
Morris Ketchum Jesup, A Character Sketch.
New York: Privately printed, 1910.

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1881–.

Chapman, Frank M.
Biographical Memoir Joel Asaph Allen.
Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. XXI, Washington, D.C.: 1927.

Chapman, Frank M.
Autobiography of a Bird Lover.
New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1933.

Curator Quarterly. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1958–.

Dybas, Henry S.
Two New Genera of Feather-Wing Beetles from the Eastern United States.
Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1961.

Gratacap, Louis P.
The History of the American Museum of Natural History.
Unpublished MS, Rare Book Room, American Museum of Natural History, n.d.

Green, Fitzhugh. Field journal 1913–1915. Crocker Land Expedition. Unpublished, Rare Book Room, American Museum of Natural History.

Green, Fitzhugh.
Arctic Duty with the Crocker Land Expedition.
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Hellman, Geoffrey.
Bankers, Bones and Beetles: The First Century of the American Museum of Natural History.
Garden City: The Natural History Press, 1968.

Henson, Matthew A.
A Negro Explorer at the North Pole.
New York: Frederick A. Stokes, n.d.

Jochelson, Waldemar.
Peoples of Asiatic Russia.
New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1928.

Jochelson, Waldemar.
The Yukaghir and the Yukaghirized Tungus.
New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1910.

Kennedy, John Michael.
Philanthropy and Science in New York City: The American Museum of Natural History.
New Haven: Unpublished Dissertation from Yale University, 1968.

Kinsey, Alfred C.
The Origin of the Higher Category in Cynips.
Bloomington: Indiana University Publications, Science Series NO.4, 1936.

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True
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Lapidary Journal.
Los Angeles: 1947–.

MacMillan, Donald B. Field journal and geographical reports. Unpublished, Rare Book Room, American Museum of Natural History, 1914–1919.

MacMillan, Donald B.
Four Years in the White North.
New York: Harper and Bros., 1918.

MacMillan, Donald B. "In Search of a New Land."
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Morden, William James.
Across Asia's Snows and Deserts.
New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1927.

Natural History
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Osborn, Henry Fairfield.
Collected Papers,
1877–1933. (Assembled from various sources, bound by the American Museum of Natural History.)

Osborn, Henry Fairfield.
Cope: Master Naturalist.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1931.

Ostrom, John H. and John S. McIntosh.
Marsh's Dinosaurs: The Collections from Como Bluff.
New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1966.

Peary, Josephine Diebitsch.
My Aretic Journal.
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Peary, Robert E. Log book on board the S.S.
Hope
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To the Ends of the Earth.
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Dear Lord Rothschild.
Balaban, 1983.

Shapiro, Harry L.
Peking Mall.
New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975.

Shor, Elizabeth Noble.
The Fossil Feud.
Hicksville, N.Y.: Exposition Press, 1974.

Sternberg, Charles H.
The Life of a Fossil Hunter.
New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1909.

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Hunting Dinosaurs on Red Deer River, Alherta, Canada.
Lawrence, Kansas: The World Company Press, 1917.

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1902–1928. Sternberg, George F.
Collected Papers,
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Collected Papers.
(Collection of papers from many sources. New York: assembled by the American Museum of Natural History, 1937–1966.)

Sternberg, Charles M.
Collected Papers.
(Collection of papers from many sources. New York: assembled by the American Museum of Natural History, 1921–1938).

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The Story of the Past.
Boston: Sherman, French & Company, 1911.

Ternes, Alan., ed.
Ants, Indians, and Little Dinosaurs.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1975.

Footnotes

Part One

*1
Homo sapiens
was lacking a type specimen until one waggish zoologist proclaimed his body as the type for the human species and issued directions that his body be preserved after death for the edification of future scientists.

Chapter 1

*2
On opening night. a dinner was held for twenty-one people in the belly of one of the iguanodons. The invitations were sent on an artificial pterodactyl wing, and the scientists at the dinner reportedly got so drunk that their boisterous singing could be heard across the entire park.

Chapter 2

*3
On his way east, Bickmore stopped in England and showed his plan to Sir Richard Owen, who was at that time planning the British Museum (Natural History). Owen and Bickmore pored over each other's plans and each borrowed ideas from the other.

*4
The time capsule consisted of a copper box containing a dozen New York newspapers, and some magazines, coins, reports, and other historical flotsam. As the Museum complex grew over the years, the location of the cornerstone was lost, and the time capsule, due to be opened in the 1920S, remained sealed. It wasn't until the Museum's centennial in 1969 that a diligent search finally turned it up. When the time capsule was opened, it was discovered that water had more or less destroyed Its contents.

†5
The building was named after the remote Western state because its uptown location was considered equally remote.

Chapter 3

*6
Laufer even tried to obtain the heads of executed criminals to aid the research of physical anthropologists at the Museum.

Chapter 4

*7
Throughout this chapter and those that follow, I have mostly used the explorers' phonetic spellings of Eskimo names, instead of their Greenlandic spellings, to avoid confusing the reader when those names appear in diary and article extracts. For this same reason, I have commonly made use throughout the book of place names contemporaneous with the periods involved, as opposed to the names by which they are known today.

*8
I have been unable to find his initial on the meteorite, which is now on display in the Museum's Hall of Meteorites.

†9
Scientists know that all three came from the same shower because they possess identical chemical composition and crystalline properties. The three irons originated as a single mass that struck the earth's upper atmosphere and exploded, sending the pieces slamming into an ice sheet. As the sheet retreated, it deposited the pieces on the ground. Since Peary'! day, smaller pieces from the same shower have also been found.

*10
Although the Ahnighito is still the largest meteorite ever recovered, a larger one does exist in the deserts of South Africa. Called the Hoba, it has never been fully excavated and is estimated to weigh nearly twice as much as the Ahnighito.

Chapter 5

*11
The Eskimo, MacMillan wrote, were "mortally afraid of having their feet frostbitten, nursing them as tenderly as a mother would her youngest child."

*12
In the Arctic, Eskimo dogs allow themselves to be buried by drifting snow during a storm, which collects about them and provides insulation. If the snow gets too deep, however, the dogs will suffocate.

Chapter 6

*13
Elasmosaurus
was a long-necked. long-railed marine reptile. and the specimen Cope was using was incomplete. The mistake was nor as egregious as it may sound.

*14
Henry Fairfield Osborn, who was then a vertebrate paleontologist at the Museum, sided with Cope, which of course made him an enemy of Marsh.

*15
Many rich fossil beds were once areas where rivers or flash floods washed bones into a bank or eddy. Large numbers of bones could collect in such spots over many years before they were finally buried in silt and fossilized. Such spots are easily recognized; they usually occur in ancient, crossbedded channel sands. The hones themselves often show abrasion from being swept downstream, and few articulated bones are found in such localities.

*16
Dinosaurs were sometimes found with their necks arched and contorted, which paleontologists believe is caused by the drying and shrinking of powerful tendons.

Chapter 7

*17
The cost of creating the African Hall dioramas was staggering. Akeley had budgeted
$25.000
for each small group. and
$50,000
for each large one—costs that did not include securing the specimens in Africa. Today, even if one could create these extraordinary habitat groups, the costs would be somewhere in the vicinity of a half-million dollars each.

†18
It was later renamed the Akeley-Eastman-Pomeroy African Expedition by Akeley's wife.

Chapter 8

*19
Before the days of plate tectonics and continental drift, this was thought to be the only dispersal route of fauna from the Old World to the New.

*20
These two blocks were carefully transported across Mongolia, defended from bandits, carried into China. loaded on a steamer. and shipped to New York. They arrived at the Museum December 19, 1922. When Osborn opened the two blocks, he found they contained an extraordinarily fine skull; the only
Baluchitherium
skull yet found. He wrote that the discovery and transportation of this skull halfway around the world was one of the greatest events in the history of paleontology.