Defiant Spirits (61 page)

Page numbers refer to pages in the print edition of this book. Notes are indicated by “n” following the page number. To provide chronology for the extensive biographical information on the major artists, their main entries are divided into time periods. Subheadings within these entries are alphabetical.

Above Lake Superior
(Harris, c. 1922),
35
, 376–77

Académie de la Grande Chaumière,
214–15, 218

Académie Julian (Paris), 82–83,
118, 141, 167

Académie Matisse, 103

Academy of Arts (Berlin), 29

The Adoration of the Magi
(Carmichael, 1923), 397

ae
(George Russell), 330, 331

Aesthetic Movement, 160

Ahrens, Carl,
195
; attacked Algonquin Park School, 193–94, 224; character and aesthetics of, 194–96; MacDonald's responses to, 199–201; Mercer as patron, 203; and National Gallery controversy (1922), 388–89, 390;
The Road
, 389

Ahrens, Carl von, 200

Airy, Anna, 294

Aitken, Max.
See
Beaverbrook,
Lord (Max Aitken)

Albright Art Gallery (Buffalo), 66–75

Alexei, Frederick, 418

Algoma region (Ontario), 280–82,
286–88, 308, 324–25, 352, 373–74

Algoma Sketches and Pictures by
J.E.H. MacDonald, A.R.C.A., Lawren
Harris, Frank H. Johnston
(Art Gallery
of Toronto, 1919), 308–9

Algomaxims, 308–9, 332, 344

Algonquin Park School: on Canadian landscape art, 268, 271; origin of name, 127;
osa
's favourable treatment of, 304, 306; postwar revival of, 296–97, 310;
in public collections, 168; renamed as Group of Seven, 330.
See also
Group
of Seven; Hot Mush style; Studio Building for Canadian Art;
specific artists
and exhibitions

Algonquin Provincial Park, 3–4, 41,
124–25, 127, 143, 146–47, 179, 218

American Art Association of Paris, 118

Amstel, Jan van, 264

Anderson Galleries exhibition
(1919), 312, 316

Angell, Norman, 178;
The Great Illusion
, 149–50

Antwerp (Belgium), 62, 264

Apollinaire, Guillaume, 109, 268;
“The Wonder of War,” 271–72

Appia, Adolphe, 370

Archer, Violet, 421

Armory Show.
See
International
Exhibition of Modern Art (Armory
Show, New York, 1913)

Armstrong, William, 374

Art Association of Montreal, 17–18,
80, 81, 88, 103, 306

Art Gallery of Toronto:
Algoma Sketches
and Pictures
exhibition (1919), 308–9; Group of Seven exhibition (1920),
327–29, 335–42; Group of Seven exhibition (1921), 351, 358, 363–66; Group of Seven exhibition (1922), 382–84,
383
; International Exhibition of Modern Art (1927), 411;
osa
exhibition (1919), 307

Art in French Canada
exhibition (1926), 410

Art Institute of Chicago, 82, 118

Art Museum of Toronto, 89, 133.
See also
The Grange

Art Nouveau, 14, 70, 74–75, 158,
163, 164, 189, 218

Arts and Crafts movement, 35, 58,
98, 110–11, 321

Arts and Letters Club: discrimination
against women, 306; dramatic evenings, 165, 284; Jackson exhibition (1913), 106; MacDonald exhibition (1911), 23–24,
26, 33; membership and objectives, 23; Varley exhibition (1916), 263

Arts Club of Montreal, Thomson
exhibition (1919), 299

Art Students' League of New York, 21, 117, 314

Ashcan School.
See
The Eight (American)

Asia
(ship), 137

Assisi from the Plain
(Jackson, 1912),
7
, 80, 87

De Åtta (The Eight), 68, 330

Automatistes, 414

Autumn
(Varley), 168

Autumn, Algoma
(Harris), 337

Autumn Hillside
(Carmichael), 403

Autumn in Picardy
(Jackson, 1912),
9
, 106

Autumn's Garland
(Thomson, 1915–16),
190, 364

A.Y. Jackson Sketching
(MacDonald, 1915), 188

Baden-Powell, Lord, 160

Baker-Clack, Arthur, 87

Ball, Helen, 199

Ballantyne, Robert M., 42, 113

Banting, Frederick, 378, 409–10

Barbizon School, 23, 46, 117, 194, 200, 373

Bartlett, Charles W., 365

Bartlett, G.W., 241, 243

Batchawana Rapid
(MacDonald, 1921), 359

Beatty, J.W. “Bill”: in Algonquin Provincial Park (1914), 127; at Grip Limited, 36; MacDowell Club exhibition (1913), 76;
Morning, Algonquin Park
, 167; on Mowat Lodge, 145; at Ontario College of Art, 265; at
osa
exhibition (1915), 166; in Rocky Mountains with Jackson (1914), 141–42; shared studio with MacDonald (1912), 59; sidelined from Algonquin Park School, 328–29; in Studio Building (1914), 112,
115; Thomson's memorial cairn, 251;
as war artist, 265, 266, 290

Beaverbrook, Lord (Max Aitken), 256–57,
258
, 259, 265, 267, 295, 296

The Beaver Dam
(MacDonald), 404, 406

Beaver Hall Group, 355–56, 383–84

Beaver Haunts
(Johnston), 338

Beckmann, Max, 333, 334

Beggarstaff Brothers, 14

Belaney, Archie.
See
Grey Owl

Belgium
(MacDonald, 1915),
17
,
177, 183, 190–91

Bell, Clive, 420

Bellamy, John, 350–51

Bellows, George:
Both Members of
This Club
, 161;
Cliff Dwellers
, 361;
Stag
at Sharkey's
, 161;
Why Don't They Go
to the Country for a Vacation?
361

Bell-Smith, F.M., 34–35, 141, 166, 305, 350, 391–92;
Lights of a City Street
, 35, 46;
The Silent Sentinel of the North
, 370

Bengough, J.W., 13, 370

Bennett, R.B., 230

Bergh, Richard, 71

Bergstrøm, Hjalmar, 278

Berlin (Germany), 27–28, 29–30

Berlin,
on
(later Kitchener), 100, 227

Berlin Secession (formerly Group
of Eleven), 29–30, 82, 303

Bernstorff, Count Johann von, 240

Berton, Pierre, 415

Bertram, Christina, 118–19, 436n23

Besant, Annie, 330, 331, 362, 370, 377

Bey, Johnnie, 370

The Big Rock, Bon Echo
(Lismer, 1922),
34
, 373

Bing, Siegfried, 158

Binyon, Laurence, 37, 85

Biscostasing region (Ontario), 52–54

Bishop, Billy, 291, 312

Black Court, Halifax
(Harris 1921), 360–61

Der Blaue Reiter, 86, 304

Blavatsky, H.P., 277, 330–32, 377

Bletcher, Martin (Jr.), 238–39, 240, 241, 248

Bletcher, Martin (Sr.), 244

Blewett, George, 97, 243, 395

Bloore, Ron, 414

Boathouse, Go Home Bay
(Thomson, 1914), 138

Bobcaygeon region (Ontario), 396

Boccioni, Umberto, 333

Bolshevism, in Canada, 319

Bomberg, David, 268, 312–13, 334;
Sappers at Work
, 312–13

Bon Echo Inn, 368,
369
, 370–71

Bon Echo Rock (Old Walt), 368, 369, 371

Bonnard, Pierre, 14, 147, 158, 162

Borden, Robert, 38, 179, 197, 229,
263, 294, 313, 319

Borduas, Paul-Émile, 414

Bouguereau, William-Adolphe, 142, 329

Bourgeois Galleries (New York), 276

Boyer, Arthur, 342

Bradford, William, 18, 126

Bramley, Frank,
A Hopeless Dawn
, 313

Bramshott Camp, 185–86

Brancusi, Constantin, 411

Braque, Georges, 86, 147, 303, 333, 334

Breithaupt family, 100–101, 200, 214, 227

Bridle, Augustus: on Arts and Letters Club, 23; on Beatty, 328; on Group of Seven exhibitions (1920–22), 337, 338, 339, 341, 363, 384, 393; on Heming, 113; on
osa
exhibition (1912), 49, 52; on Varley,
264–65; on Ward district, 35

Brigden, Fred, Jr.:
In the Hardwood
Bush, Northern Ontario
, 91;
A
Muskoka Highway
, 135

Brinton, Christian, 67–68, 71, 73

British Empire Exhibition (London/Wembley, 1924), 390–93, 399–405, 406–8

Broadhead, William Smithson, 51–57,
60, 102, 129, 158, 164, 169–70, 236;
Boy with Goldfish
, 51–52

Brodie, William, 8, 56

Brooke, Rupert, 14, 76, 127, 139, 281

Brooker, Bertram, 413

Brown, Roy, 291

Brown, Eric: and British Empire Exhibition, 391, 392, 402, 406; Harris's donation to National Gallery, 106; ignored David Milne, 316–17; Mackenzie King on, 388; as National Gallery director, 90–91; and National Gallery during
wwi
, 186;
Press Comments
, 406; promoted Canadian culture abroad, 407; purchases from Group of Seven exhibitions (1920, 1921), 328, 341–42, 365; supported Group of Seven, 332, 387, 406, 407; supported Johnston, 353; supported rugged Canadian art, 90–91, 135; supported war artists,
257; supported young artists, 136, 168;
on Thomson's outdoors skills, 250; U.S tour of Canadian paintings, 346; on
The Wild River
, 309

Browne, Belmore, 141

Brownell, Peleg Franklin, 389, 392

Bruce, Muriel, 197–98

Bruce, William Blair, 103

Bruegel, Pieter the Elder, 264;
The Fall of Icarus
, 264n

Brundall House Hospital, 225

Brymner, William, 76, 81, 167, 266, 304, 355

Buchan, John, 255–56

Bucke, Richard Maurice, 372

Buffalo,
ny
, 66

Buildings on the River Spree
(Harris), 32

Burroughs, John, 287

Bussy, Simon, 120

Buvette de la plage (Le Pouldu), 145

Byam Shaw, John,
The Flag
, 313

By the River, Early Spring
(MacDonald, 1911), 23, 24, 45

Cacouna,
qc
, 357

Callighen, Bud, 178, 223

Cameron, Irving Heward, 380

Campbell, Wilfred, 42, 55, 137, 139,
163, 165, 280

Camp Borden, 206, 274

Camp Mowat, 5, 127.
See also
Mowat Lodge

Camp Petawawa, 210, 239

Camp Valcartier, 175, 185

Canada and the Call
(poster,
MacDonald), 175–76

Canada's Morning
(MacDonald), 166

Canadian Art Club, 304, 306

Canadian Expeditionary Force: 10th Canadian Battalion, 172; 16th Canadian Battalion, 172; 48th Highlanders, 144; 60th Canadian Infantry Battalion (Victoria Rifles of Canada), 174, 175, 185–86,
203–4, 229–30, 257; 118th Infantry Battalion, 239; Canadian Scottish Regiment, 292; Queen's Own Rifles,
144; Royal Newfoundland Regiment,
220.
See also
World War
i

Canadian Group of Painters, 413

Canadian National Exhibition,
cwmf
exhibition (1919), 311–14, 316, 324

Canadian School, 125–26, 146

The Canadians opposite Lens
(John), 295

Canadian War Memorials Fund (
cwmf
):
Canadian War Memorials Fund Exhibition
(London, 1919), 294–97;
cne
exhibition (1919), 311–14, 316, 324–25; documented home front, 285; expansion of (1918), 265; Home Work Section, 297–98; influence of, 338; Konody as director, 267, 268; Nevinson in, 270; purpose of, 256–57

Canadian War Records Office (
cwro
),
256, 259, 265, 296, 315–16, 353

Canoe Lake,
4
, 5, 125, 127–28, 243–45,
249, 251, 415.
See also
Algonquin Provincial Park; Thomson, Tom

Capello, Luigi, 397

Carman, Bliss, 394, 395

Carmichael, Franklin,
154
; artistic influences on, 158; Bon Echo Inn brochure,
369
; as boxing fan, 160; death of (1940s), 415; early years and education, 153; financial difficulties (1914–15), 176–77; and Group of Seven exhibition (1920), 328, 336, 342; marriage to Ada Went (1915), 170–71; murals in St. Anne's Church (1923), 397–98; on northern Lake Superior (1922), 384–85; at
osa
exhibition (1915), 166; in Studio Building (1914), 154–55; studio-mate with Thomson (1914–15), 157–59; on Thomson's death (July 1917), 246; on Varley's quarrel with Thomson (1915), 168–69;
wwi
,
attempts to enlist, 178

Carmichael, Franklin (titles of works):
Autumn Hillside
, 403;
The Hilltop
, 365;
Leaf Pattern
, 384;
Spring
, 403;
Winter Evening
, 166

Carpenter, Edward, 62, 95–96, 99,
165, 176, 276, 372

Carr, Emily, 30, 104,
105
, 410–11, 413, 416

Caruso, Enrico, 79

Cassatt, Mary, 365

Casson, A.J., 336, 411–12

Castle, William Ivor, 255

Cattle by the Creek
(MacDonald, 1918), 283

Cennini, Cennino,
Il Libro dell'Arte
, 222

Central Ontario School of Art and Industrial Design (later Ontario College of Art),
10, 21, 22, 39, 46

Cézanne, Paul, 30, 82, 84–85, 109, 147,
330, 348, 381–82

Challener, Frederick Sproston, 392

Champagne, Claude, 421

Champlain, Samuel de, 54, 139

Charlesworth, Hector: on the Algoma paintings, 309; on British avant-garde, 313; on British Empire Exhibition,
391–92, 405; on
Decorative Landscape
, 275; on Group of Seven, 382, 384, 387, 389, 390; MacDonald's response to, 201; as
Saturday Night
critic, 193–94, 339, 363