Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All (39 page)
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Authors: Paul A. Offit M.D.
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93
Brian Deer on Andrew Wakefield’s conflicts:
B. Deer, “MMR: The Truth Behind the Crisis,”
Sunday Times
(London), February 22, 2004.
Brian Deer on Andrew Wakefield’s conflicts:
B. Deer, “MMR: The Truth Behind the Crisis,”
Sunday Times
(London), February 22, 2004.
94
Wakefield’s co-authors withdraw names from paper:
R. Horton,
MMR Science and Fiction: Exploring the Vaccine Crisis
(London: Granta Books, 2004).
Wakefield’s co-authors withdraw names from paper:
R. Horton,
MMR Science and Fiction: Exploring the Vaccine Crisis
(London: Granta Books, 2004).
94
Nicholas Chadwick:
Omnibus Autism Proceeding, Federal Claims Court, Washington, D.C.,
www.uscfc.uscourt.gov/OSM/OSMAutism.htm
.
Nicholas Chadwick:
Omnibus Autism Proceeding, Federal Claims Court, Washington, D.C.,
www.uscfc.uscourt.gov/OSM/OSMAutism.htm
.
94
Wakefield wins “Courage in Science Award”:
L. Reagan, “Vaccine Conference Exclusive Report,”
http://www.hpakids.org/holistic-health/articles/187/1/Vaccine-Conference-Exclusive-Report
.
Wakefield wins “Courage in Science Award”:
L. Reagan, “Vaccine Conference Exclusive Report,”
http://www.hpakids.org/holistic-health/articles/187/1/Vaccine-Conference-Exclusive-Report
.
94
Fisher on Madsen study:
Quoted in “Autism: Study Finds No Connection to MMR Vaccine,”
American Health Line
, November 7, 2002.
Fisher on Madsen study:
Quoted in “Autism: Study Finds No Connection to MMR Vaccine,”
American Health Line
, November 7, 2002.
94
Fisher on Institute of Medicine:
M. Fox, “Study Says Vaccine Not Cause of Autism,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, May 19, 2004.
Fisher on Institute of Medicine:
M. Fox, “Study Says Vaccine Not Cause of Autism,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, May 19, 2004.
94
General Medical Council chastises Wakefield:
N. Triggle, “MMR Doctor ‘Broke Research Rules,’”
BBC News
, January 28, 2010; B. Deer, “‘Callous, Unethical, and Dishonest’: Dr. Andrew Wakefield,” TimesON-LINE,
Sunday Times
(London), January 31, 2010,
http://timesonline.co.uk
; Press Association, “MMR Doctor Failed to Act in Interests of Children,”
The Guardian
,
http://guardian.co.uk/science/2010/jan/28/mmr-doctor-fail.children-gmc/print
.
General Medical Council chastises Wakefield:
N. Triggle, “MMR Doctor ‘Broke Research Rules,’”
BBC News
, January 28, 2010; B. Deer, “‘Callous, Unethical, and Dishonest’: Dr. Andrew Wakefield,” TimesON-LINE,
Sunday Times
(London), January 31, 2010,
http://timesonline.co.uk
; Press Association, “MMR Doctor Failed to Act in Interests of Children,”
The Guardian
,
http://guardian.co.uk/science/2010/jan/28/mmr-doctor-fail.children-gmc/print
.
95
Fisher defends Wakefield after General Medical Council rebuke:
B. L. Fisher, “Vaccines: Doctor Judges and Juries Hanging Their Own,”
http://ageofautism.com/2010/01/vaccines-doctor-judges-juries-hanging-their-own.html
.
Fisher defends Wakefield after General Medical Council rebuke:
B. L. Fisher, “Vaccines: Doctor Judges and Juries Hanging Their Own,”
http://ageofautism.com/2010/01/vaccines-doctor-judges-juries-hanging-their-own.html
.
95
The Lancet
retracts Wakefield paper:
Editors of
The Lancet
, “Retraction: Ileal-Lymphoid-Nodular Hyperplasia, Non-Specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,”
The Lancet
, February 2, 2010.
The Lancet
retracts Wakefield paper:
Editors of
The Lancet
, “Retraction: Ileal-Lymphoid-Nodular Hyperplasia, Non-Specific Colitis, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children,”
The Lancet
, February 2, 2010.
95
Fisher responds to
The Lancet
’s retraction:
T. Miller, “Journal Retracts Study Backing Vaccine-Autism Link,”
PBS News Hour
,
http://pbs.org/newshour/updates/europe/jan-june10/lancet_0204html
.
Fisher responds to
The Lancet
’s retraction:
T. Miller, “Journal Retracts Study Backing Vaccine-Autism Link,”
PBS News Hour
,
http://pbs.org/newshour/updates/europe/jan-june10/lancet_0204html
.
96
William Sawyer and yellow fever vaccine:
W. A. Sawyer, K. F. Meyer, M. D. Eaton, et al., “Jaundice in Army Personnel in the Western Region of the United States and Its Relation to Vaccination Against Yellow Fever,”
American Journal of Hygiene
40 (1944): 35-107.
William Sawyer and yellow fever vaccine:
W. A. Sawyer, K. F. Meyer, M. D. Eaton, et al., “Jaundice in Army Personnel in the Western Region of the United States and Its Relation to Vaccination Against Yellow Fever,”
American Journal of Hygiene
40 (1944): 35-107.
96
Neil Nathanson and polio vaccine:
N. Nathanson and A. D. Langmuir, “The Cutter Incident: Poliomyelitis Following Formaldehyde-Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccination in the United States During the Spring of 1955. I. Background,”
American Journal of Hygiene
78 (1963): 16-28.
Neil Nathanson and polio vaccine:
N. Nathanson and A. D. Langmuir, “The Cutter Incident: Poliomyelitis Following Formaldehyde-Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccination in the United States During the Spring of 1955. I. Background,”
American Journal of Hygiene
78 (1963): 16-28.
96
Trudy Murphy and rotavirus vaccine:
T. V. Murphy, P. M. Garguillo, M. S. Massoudi, et al., “Intussusception Among Infants Given an Oral Rotavirus Vaccine,”
New England Journal of Medicine
344 (2001): 564- 572.
Trudy Murphy and rotavirus vaccine:
T. V. Murphy, P. M. Garguillo, M. S. Massoudi, et al., “Intussusception Among Infants Given an Oral Rotavirus Vaccine,”
New England Journal of Medicine
344 (2001): 564- 572.
96
Wakefield resigns:
M. A. Roser, “British Doctor Resigns as Head of Austin Autism Center,”
Austin American-Statesman
, February 18, 2010.
Wakefield resigns:
M. A. Roser, “British Doctor Resigns as Head of Austin Autism Center,”
Austin American-Statesman
, February 18, 2010.
96
GMC revokes Wakefield’s medical license:
K. Kelland, “UK Doctor at Heart of Vaccine Row Banned from Practice,”
Reuters
, May 24, 2010.
GMC revokes Wakefield’s medical license:
K. Kelland, “UK Doctor at Heart of Vaccine Row Banned from Practice,”
Reuters
, May 24, 2010.
96
AAP and CDC call for removal of thimerosal:
P. A. Offit, “Thimerosal and Vaccines: A Cautionary Tale,”
New England Journal of Medicine
357 (2007): 1278-1279.
AAP and CDC call for removal of thimerosal:
P. A. Offit, “Thimerosal and Vaccines: A Cautionary Tale,”
New England Journal of Medicine
357 (2007): 1278-1279.
96
Epidemiological studies of thimerosal and autism:
P. Stehr-Green, P. Tull, M. Stellfeld, et al., “Autism and Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines: Lack of Consistent Evidence for an Association,”
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
25 (2005): 101-106; K. M. Madsen, M. B. Lauritsen, C. B. Pedersen, et al., “Thimerosal and the Occurrence of Autism: Negative Ecological Evidence from Danish Population-Based Data,”
Pediatrics
112 (2003): 604-606; A. Hviid, M. Stellfeld, J. Wohlfahrt, and M. Melbye, “Association Between Thimerosal-Containing Vaccine and Autism,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
290 (2003): 1763-1766; J. Heron and J. Golding, “Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association,”
Pediatrics
114 (2004): 577-583; N. Andrews, E. Miller, A. Grant, et al., “Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association,”
Pediatrics
114 (2004): 584-591; E. Fombonne, R. Zakarian, A. Bennett, et al., “Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and Links with Immunization,”
Pediatrics
118 (2006): 139-150; W. W. Thompson, C. Price, B. Goodson, et al., “Early Thimerosal Exposure and Neuropsychological Outcomes at 7 to 10 Years,”
New England Journal of Medicine
357 (2007): 1281-1292; R. Schechter and J. Grether, “Continuing Increases in Autism Reported to California’s Development Services System,”
Archives of General Psychiatry
65 (2008): 19-24.
Epidemiological studies of thimerosal and autism:
P. Stehr-Green, P. Tull, M. Stellfeld, et al., “Autism and Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines: Lack of Consistent Evidence for an Association,”
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
25 (2005): 101-106; K. M. Madsen, M. B. Lauritsen, C. B. Pedersen, et al., “Thimerosal and the Occurrence of Autism: Negative Ecological Evidence from Danish Population-Based Data,”
Pediatrics
112 (2003): 604-606; A. Hviid, M. Stellfeld, J. Wohlfahrt, and M. Melbye, “Association Between Thimerosal-Containing Vaccine and Autism,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
290 (2003): 1763-1766; J. Heron and J. Golding, “Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association,”
Pediatrics
114 (2004): 577-583; N. Andrews, E. Miller, A. Grant, et al., “Thimerosal Exposure in Infants and Developmental Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United Kingdom Does Not Support a Causal Association,”
Pediatrics
114 (2004): 584-591; E. Fombonne, R. Zakarian, A. Bennett, et al., “Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and Links with Immunization,”
Pediatrics
118 (2006): 139-150; W. W. Thompson, C. Price, B. Goodson, et al., “Early Thimerosal Exposure and Neuropsychological Outcomes at 7 to 10 Years,”
New England Journal of Medicine
357 (2007): 1281-1292; R. Schechter and J. Grether, “Continuing Increases in Autism Reported to California’s Development Services System,”
Archives of General Psychiatry
65 (2008): 19-24.
96
Autism rates continued to climb:
R. Schechter and J. Grether, “Continuing Increases in Autism Reported to California’s Development Services System,”
Archives of General Psychiatry
65 (2008): 19-24.
Autism rates continued to climb:
R. Schechter and J. Grether, “Continuing Increases in Autism Reported to California’s Development Services System,”
Archives of General Psychiatry
65 (2008): 19-24.
97
Gary Golkiewicz regarding workload:
Speech to the Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines, March 6, 2008.
Gary Golkiewicz regarding workload:
Speech to the Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines, March 6, 2008.
97
Special master regarding workload:
Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
Special master regarding workload:
Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
98
Golkiewicz regarding goal of VICP:
Speech to the Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines, March 6, 2008.
Golkiewicz regarding goal of VICP:
Speech to the Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines, March 6, 2008.
99
Special master regarding subjective belief:
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009. Italics added for emphasis.
Special master regarding subjective belief:
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009. Italics added for emphasis.
99
Special master regarding sentiment:
Rolf and Angela Hazelhurst and William Yates Hazelhurst v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009. Italics added for emphasis.
Special master regarding sentiment:
Rolf and Angela Hazelhurst and William Yates Hazelhurst v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009. Italics added for emphasis.
99
Vote unanimous:
Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009;
Rolf and Angela Hazelhurst and William Yates Hazelhurst v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009;
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
Vote unanimous:
Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009;
Rolf and Angela Hazelhurst and William Yates Hazelhurst v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009;
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
99
Special master regarding bad science
:
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009. Italics added for emphasis.
Special master regarding bad science
:
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009. Italics added for emphasis.
99
Special master and “White Queen”:
Ibid.
Special master and “White Queen”:
Ibid.
99
Special master regarding quality of experts:
Ibid.
Special master regarding quality of experts:
Ibid.
100
Special master on Marcel Kinsbourne’s professional testimony:
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
Special master on Marcel Kinsbourne’s professional testimony:
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
100
Special master on Kinsbourne’s statement regarding measles and autism:
Ibid.
Special master on Kinsbourne’s statement regarding measles and autism:
Ibid.
100
Special master on Vera Byers:
Ibid.
Special master on Vera Byers:
Ibid.
101
Special master on Arthur Krigsman:
Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
Special master on Arthur Krigsman:
Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
101
Special master on Jeff Bradstreet’s profit:
Ibid.
Special master on Jeff Bradstreet’s profit:
Ibid.
102
Verdict on thimerosal cases:
www.uscfc.uscourts.gov
.
Verdict on thimerosal cases:
www.uscfc.uscourts.gov
.
102
Special master regarding Krigsman’s medical misjudgment:
Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
Special master regarding Krigsman’s medical misjudgment:
Theresa Cedillo and Michael Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
102
Lawyers’ compensation:
K. Seidel, “Autism-Vaccine Attorney Bill Tops $2 Million,”
http://www.neurodiversity.com/weblog/article/180
.
Lawyers’ compensation:
K. Seidel, “Autism-Vaccine Attorney Bill Tops $2 Million,”
http://www.neurodiversity.com/weblog/article/180
.
103
Special master regarding maturing science:
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
Special master regarding maturing science:
Colten Snyder, Kathryn Snyder, and Joseph Snyder v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
, filed February 12, 2009.
104
Vaccine shortages:
J. Cohen, “U.S. Vaccine Supply Falls Seriously Short,”
Science
295 (2002): 1998-2001; National Vaccine Advisory Committee, “Strengthening the Supply of Routinely Recommended Vaccines in the United States: Recommendations of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
290 (2003): 3122- 3128.
7. Past Is PrologueVaccine shortages:
J. Cohen, “U.S. Vaccine Supply Falls Seriously Short,”
Science
295 (2002): 1998-2001; National Vaccine Advisory Committee, “Strengthening the Supply of Routinely Recommended Vaccines in the United States: Recommendations of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
290 (2003): 3122- 3128.
105
Rotting flesh:
Tucker,
Scourge
, 2.
Rotting flesh:
Tucker,
Scourge
, 2.
105
Smallpox disease and spread:
Ibid., 2.
Smallpox disease and spread:
Ibid., 2.
106
British historian:
Quoted in Ibid., 3.
British historian:
Quoted in Ibid., 3.
106
Smallpox deaths:
Ibid., 3.
Smallpox deaths:
Ibid., 3.
106
Monarchs and rulers died from smallpox:
Ibid., 12.
Monarchs and rulers died from smallpox:
Ibid., 12.
106
Native Americans died from smallpox:
Ibid., 12.
Native Americans died from smallpox:
Ibid., 12.
106
Edward Jenner and the smallpox vaccine:
Ibid., 23.
Edward Jenner and the smallpox vaccine:
Ibid., 23.
107
Jenner’s publication and acceptance of smallpox vaccine:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 13-14.
Jenner’s publication and acceptance of smallpox vaccine:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 13-14.
108
Epidemiological Society of London:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 22; Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 40.
Epidemiological Society of London:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 22; Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 40.
108
“Light of modern science”:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 22.
“Light of modern science”:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 22.
108
Epidemiological Society’s political role:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 40.
Epidemiological Society’s political role:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 40.
108
Epidemiological Society’s reason for vaccination:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 23.
Epidemiological Society’s reason for vaccination:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 23.
108
Bill of 1853:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 41.
Bill of 1853:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 41.
108
Smallpox epidemic of 1852:
Ibid.
Smallpox epidemic of 1852:
Ibid.
108
“A damp squib”:
Ibid., 39.
“A damp squib”:
Ibid., 39.
108
Act of 1867:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 8-9.
Act of 1867:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 8-9.
109
“Ignorance and prejudice”:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 43.
“Ignorance and prejudice”:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 43.
109
Richard Butler Gibbs and the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 38.
Richard Butler Gibbs and the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 38.
109
Growth of the ACVL:
Ibid.
Growth of the ACVL:
Ibid.
109
Formation of other anti-vaccination leagues:
Ibid.
Formation of other anti-vaccination leagues:
Ibid.
109
Richard Butler Gibbs quote regarding Britannia:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 92.
Richard Butler Gibbs quote regarding Britannia:
Brunton,
Politics of Vaccination
, 92.
109
The
Vaccination Vampire
:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 138.
The
Vaccination Vampire
:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 138.
109
Vaccinators as ravens:
Ibid.
Vaccinators as ravens:
Ibid.
109
Vaccination as sacrifice to the devil:
Ibid., 81.
Vaccination as sacrifice to the devil:
Ibid., 81.
109
“Savage African tribe”:
Ibid.
“Savage African tribe”:
Ibid.
110
Claim that vaccine contains animal products and transforms children into monsters:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 114.
Claim that vaccine contains animal products and transforms children into monsters:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 114.
110
Rallies at public auctions:
Ibid., 53.
Rallies at public auctions:
Ibid., 53.
110
Rally in 1887:
Ibid.
Rally in 1887:
Ibid.
110
Rally in 1885:
Ibid., 63.
Rally in 1885:
Ibid., 63.
110
Mothers hide children from vaccination officers:
Ibid., 65.
Mothers hide children from vaccination officers:
Ibid., 65.
111
John Gibbs regarding doctors:
Ibid., 13.
John Gibbs regarding doctors:
Ibid., 13.
111
Fisher and doctors killing babies:
“Doctors Want Power to Kill Disabled Babies,” posted by Barbara Loe Fisher, November 5, 2006,
http://www.vaccineawakening.blogspot.com
.
Fisher and doctors killing babies:
“Doctors Want Power to Kill Disabled Babies,” posted by Barbara Loe Fisher, November 5, 2006,
http://www.vaccineawakening.blogspot.com
.
111
Leicester rally of 1885:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 51.
Leicester rally of 1885:
Durbach,
Bodily Matters
, 51.
112
“Perfect carnival”:
Ibid., 50.
“Perfect carnival”:
Ibid., 50.
112
Anti-vaccine rally:
Witnessed by the author, June 2006.
Anti-vaccine rally:
Witnessed by the author, June 2006.
112
Bill of 1853 passed under darkness:
Ibid., 118.
Bill of 1853 passed under darkness:
Ibid., 118.
112
Fisher at Maryland courthouse:
“Police with Dogs: Vaccinating Kids in Maryland,” posted by Barbara Loe Fisher, November 19, 2007,
http://www.vaccineawakening.blogspot.com
.
Fisher at Maryland courthouse:
“Police with Dogs: Vaccinating Kids in Maryland,” posted by Barbara Loe Fisher, November 19, 2007,
http://www.vaccineawakening.blogspot.com
.
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