Curveball (37 page)

26
. Harry T. Brundidge, “Gabby Street, a Fighter All His Life, Spurns Title of Miracle Man, but Career Shows He Deserves It,”
Sporting News,
October 2, 1930.

27
. “Watermelon seed” comment was Ty Cobb’s. Both the watermelon reference and Cobb’s quotation are from
www.cmgww.com/baseball/johnson
.

28
. Alan Gould, “Gabby Street: Ace of the Cards,” n.p., n.d. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY. Gabby Street file.

29
. Porter Wittich, n.p., n.d. National Baseball Hall of Fame, Inc., Cooperstown, NY. Gabby Street file.

30
. Hayes.

31
. Gabby Street, “It’s Still Baseball,”
American Legion Monthly
no. 70, April 1932, n.p.

32
. Ibid.

33
.
Minneapolis Spokesman
. June 5, 1936.

34
. Toni Stone interview with Jean Hastings Ardell, April 1992. Ardell’s interview notes shared with author June 22, 2009.

35
.
Minnesota Spokesman
, June 5, 1936.

36
. James M. Gould, “The Old Sarge Returns,” n.p., February 1938. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY. Gabby Street file.

37
. Gai Ingham Berlage,
The Forgotten Women in Baseball History
(Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994), 169; Hayes; Bill Kruissink, “First Woman in Pro Baseball Remembers,”
Alameda Journal
, April 2, 1996.

38
. Street, “It’s Still Baseball.”

39
. “Old Sarge Inspects Saints’ Muster Roll,”
St. Paul Pioneer Press
, February 25, 1937.

40
. George Minot, “Ball Stirs Old Memories of Street’s Famed Catch,”
Washington Post
, January 25, 1964.

41
. J. G. Taylor Spink, “Looping the Loop,”
Sporting News
, August 20, 1947; L. H. Addington, “Gabby Street Is Called ‘Ball Player’s Man,’”
Sporting News
, November 7, 1929; Bob Considine, “Big Time for Old Times’ Gabby Street Tells of Monument Catch,”
New York Daily Mirror
, October 12, 1944; Earle Marchres, “Famous Catch,”
Ford Times
, March 1975.

42
. Toni Stone interview with Kyle McNary, September 1993. McNary private archive.

43
. Joe Williams, “Please, Kiddies, Mr. Street Could Catch, Too,” n.p., n.d. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY. Gabby Street file; J. G. Taylor Spink, “Looping the Loop”
Sporting News
, August 20, 1947.

44
. Fred Lieb,
Baseball as I Have Known It
(New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1977), 54.

45
. Ibid.

46
. Alan Gould, “Gabby Street: Ace of the Cards,” n.d., n.p. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY. Gabby Street file; Harry T. Brundridge, “Gabby Street, a Fighter All of His Life, Spurns Title of Miracle Man, but Career Shows He Deserves It,”
Sporting News
, October 2, 1930.

47
. Tim Brady, “Almost Perfect Equality,” September 20, 2002. University of Minnesota Alumni Association.
www.alumni.umn.edu/Almost_Perfect_Equality.html
.

48
. Nancy Vaillancourt interview with the author, June 16, 2008.

49
. Jennifer Delton,
Making Minnesota Liberal
:
Civil Rights and the Transformation of the Democratic Party
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002), 38.

50
. “Lady Ball Player,”
Ebony
, July 1953, 52.

51
. “Lady Ball Player”; Maria Bartlow-Reed interview with the author, March 10, 2008.

52
. Hayes;
Chicago Defender
, February 21, 1953.

53
. James M. Gould, “The Old Sarge Returns,” n.p., February 1938. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY. Gabby Street file.

1
. Gwendolyn Brooks, “A Song in the Front Yard,”
Selected Poems
(New York: Harper & Row, 1963), 6.

2
. Brittan Fias (Saint Paul Schools Student Placement Center for Student Data Management), e-mail to author, August 12, 2008; Toni Stone interview with Kyle McNary, September 1993. McNary private archive; Maria Bartlow-Reed interview with the author, March 10, 2008; Toni Stone interview with Jean Hastings Ardell, April 1992. Ardell interview notes shared with author June 22, 2009; Robert L. Osgood,
The History of Special Education: A Struggle for Equality in American Public Schools
(Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2007), 64–70.

3
. “Girl Athlete,”
Minneapolis Spokesman
, June 25, 1937.

4
. Doug Grow, “League of Her Own: Tomboy Stone Dead at Age 75,” Minneapolis–Saint Paul
StarTribune
, November 5, 1996.

5
. Geraldine M. Williams, “Minnesota St. Paul,”
Chicago Defender
, December 18, 1937.

6
. Maria Bartlow-Reed interview with the author, March 10, 2008.

7
. John Cotton interview with the author, June 25, 2008; Kyle McNary, “Maceo Breedlove: Big Fish in a Small Pond,”
Swinging for the Fences: Black Baseball in Minnesota
, Steven R. Hoffbeck, ed. (Saint Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 2005), 114; Toni Stone interview with Jean Hastings Ardell, April 1992. Ardell interview notes shared with author June 22, 2009; Mark J. Moore, n.p.. n.d. Lester private archive.

8
. Steven R. Hoffbeck, ed.
Swinging for the Fences: Black Baseball in Minnesota
(Saint Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2005), 11–12, 58–83.

9
. Leslie Heaphy e-mail to author, November 10, 2009.

10
.
Chicago Daily News
, June 18, 1943, quoted at
www.pitchblackbaseball.com/northdakotabaseball
.

11
. Ibid.

12
.
www.pitchblackbaseball.com/northdakotabaseball
.

13
. McNary, 112–119; Kyle McNary interview with the author, June 23, 2008;
www.pitchblackbaseball.com/northdakotabaseball
.

14
. Sam Lacy, “First Woman in Pro Baseball,”
Afro Magazine
, 1953, n.p. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.

15
. John Cotton interview with the author, June 25, 2008.

16
.
Minneapolis Spokesman
, July 31, 1937.

17
. Toni Stone interview with Kyle McNary, September 1993. McNary private archive.

18
. John Cotton interview with the author, June 23, 2008.

19
. McNary, 114.

20
. McNary, 113–115; John Cotton interview with the author, June 25, 2008.

21
. Kyle McNary interview with the author, January 7, 2008; Doug Grow, “Rondo Kids Were Tough, but ‘Tomboy’ Toughest,” Minneapolis–Saint Paul
StarTribune
manuscript, January 3, 1991. Grow personal archive.

22
. Toni Stone interview with Bill Kruissink, March 27, 1996. National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc., Cooperstown, NY.

23
. Roger Nieboer interview with the author, November 19, 2007.

24
. Toni Stone interview with Kyle McNary, September 1993. McNary private archive.

25
. Geraldine M. Williams, “Minnesota St. Paul,”
Chicago Defender
, December 18, 1937.

26
. Maria Bartlow-Reed interview with the author, March 10, 2008; Baltimore
Afro-American
, July 17, 1954.

27
. Evelyn Fairbanks,
Days of Rondo
(Saint Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1990), 39.

28
. James Stafford Griffin,
Voices of Rondo: Oral Histories of Saint Paul’s Historic Black Community
(Minneapolis: Syren Book Company, 2005), 67–69; Roger Nieboer interview with the author, November 19, 2007.

29
. Letter to author from Brittany Frias (Saint Paul Public Schools Placement Center for Student Data Management), August 12, 2008.

30
. Toni Stone interview with Kyle McNary, September 1993. McNary private archive.

31
. “Tom Boy Stone Kicked in Face by William Gillespie,”
Minneapolis Spokesman
, March 19, 1943.

32
. Merlene Davis, “Female Baseball Player Got the Ball Rolling,”
Lexington Herald-Leader
, November 28, 1996.

33
. Davis.

1
. Lowell Fulson, lyrics to “San Francisco Blues,” 1947, “Lowell Fulson 1946-1953,” JSP Recordings, 2004.

2
. John Dos Passos, “San Francisco Looks Back: The City in Wartime,”
Harper’s
, May 1944.

3
.
Minneapolis Spokesman
, June 4, 1943.

4
. Maria Bartlow-Reed interview with the author, March 10, 2008.

5
. Rosie the Riveter World War II American Homefront Oral History Project: An Oral History with Willie Mae Cotright Conducted by Judith Dunning, 2002. Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2007.

6
. Toni Stone interview with Kyle McNary, September 1993. McNary private archive.

7
. Maria Bartlow-Reed interviews with the author, March 10, 2008, and December 14, 2008; Diana DuBay, “From St. Paul Playgrounds to Big Leagues, Stone Always Loved Baseball,”
Minnesota Women’s Press
, February 13–16, 1988, 5; Miki Turner, “And Still She Rose,”
Oakland Tribune,
August 28, 1992.

8
. Toni Stone interview with Larry Lester January 3, 1991. Lester private archive.

9
. Ibid.

10
. Toni Stone interview with Jean Hastings Ardell, April 1992. Ardell interview notes shared with author June 22, 2009; Toni Stone interview with Larry Lester, January 3, 1991. Lester private archive.

11
.
www.nps.gov/historynr/travel/wwIIbayarea
; Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco;
San Francisco News
, January 15, 1954;
San Francisco News
, August 8, 1941.

12
. Katherine Archibald,
Wartime Shipyard: A Study in Social Disunity
(San Francisco: University of California Press, 1947), 26, 36–39, 78.

13
.
www.sfmuseum.org/sunreporter/fleming
.

14
. Toni Stone interview with Jean Hastings Ardell, April 1992. Ardell interview notes shared with author June 22, 2009.

15
. Elizabeth Pepin and Lewis Watts,
Harlem of the West: The San Francisco Fillmore Jazz Era
(San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2006), 38.

16
. Maya Angelou,
Singin’ and Swingin’ and Gettin’ Merry Like Christmas
(New York: Random House, 1976), 3.

17
. Pepin and Watts, 78.

18
. Ibid., 38.

19
. Jas Obrecht,
Rockin’ and Tumblin’: The Postwar Blues Guitarists
(San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books, 2000), 30.

20
. Frank Jackson interview with the author, June 22, 2008.

21
. Toni Stone interview with Kyle McNary, September 1993. McNary private archive.

22
. Rosie the Riveter World War II American Homefront Oral History Project: An Oral History with Betty Reid Soskin conducted by Nadine Wilmot, 2002. Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2007; Betty Reid Soskin e-mail with author, November 28, 2008.