Congo (109 page)

10.
Reyntjens 2009: 154.

11.
Prunier 2009: 150.

12.
Reyntjens 2009: 57.

13.
Ngbanda 2004: 41.

14.
Braeckman et al. 1998: 132.

15.
Prunier 2009: 178.

16.
International Rescue Committee 2007.

17.
Interview with Simba Regis, Kigali, June 25, 2007.

18.
Interview with Ruffin Luliba, Kinshasa, December 11, 2008.

19.
Interview with Rufin Kibari Nsanga, Kikwit, September 21, 2008.

20.
Reyntjens 2009: 186.

21.
Lanotte 2003: 109.

22.
Interview with Jeanine Mukanirwa, Kinshasa, November 12, 2007.

23.
Interview with Tharcisse Kayira, Bukavu, June 20, 2007.

24.
Interview with Pierrot Bushala, Goma, November 26 2008.

25.
Human Rights Watch 2000.

26.
Interview with Muhindo, Goma, December 4, 2008.

27.
Interview in
De Morgen
, June 23, 2007.

28.
Interview with Yves Van Winden, Goma, December 4, 2008.

29.
Villers 2001: 12.

30.
Zinzen 2004: 180–5.

31.
Interview with Agustin Utshudi, Goma, December 1, 2008.

32.
Lanotte 2003: 111–15.

33.
Interview with Agustin Utshudi, Goma, December 1, 2008.

34.
Interview with Dr. Soki, Kisangani, November 16, 2008.

35.
Prunier 2009: 229.

36.
Lanotte 2003: 122.

37.
Villers 2001: 159–60.

38.
Human Rights Watch 2005: 18.

39.
Marysse and André 2001.

40.
Leclercq 2001: 69.

41.
Marysse and André 2001.

42.
Global Witness 2005: 30.

43.
Wamu Oyatambwe 1999: 122.

44.
Harden 2001.

45.
Marysse and André 2001.

46.
UNESCO 2005: 34.

47.
Debroux et al. 2007: 7, 10.

48.
Interview with Papy Bulaya, Kinshasa, December 11, 2008.

49.
Pole Institute 2002: 11, 13.

50.
Vlassenroot and Romkema 2002.

51.
Human Rights Watch 2001.

52.
Human Rights Watch 2005: 27, 29, 45.

53.
Interview with UPC veteran, Kasenyi, November 23, 2008.

54.
Jourdan 2004.

55.
Interview with Baptiste Uzele-Uparpiu, Kasenyi, November 23, 2008.

56.
Interview with Masika Katsuva, Goma, December 2, 2008.

CHAPTER 13

1.
Prunier 2009: 252.

2.
Braeckman 2003: 97–125.

3.
Villers 2009: 15–20.

4.
Interview with Antoine Vumilia, Kinshasa, December 12, 2008.

5.
Zeebroek 2008: 8–9.

6.
Villers 2009: 222.

7.
Interview with Johan Swinnen, Kinshasa, November 17, 2007.

8.
Reyntjens 2009: 239.

9.
Reyntjens 2009: 243–44.

10.
NIZA 2006: 20.

11.
Interview with Rufin Kibari Nsanga, Kikwit, September 21, 2008.

12.
Nzeza 2004: 29.

13.
NIZA 2006: 20–21.

14.
NIZA 2006: 9.

15.
Prunier 2009: 306.

16.
Reyntjens 2009: 243.

17.
Interview with Frank Werbrouck, Kinshasa, November 11, 2008.

18.
Vlassenroot and Raeymaekers 2004b.

19.
Prunier 2009: 325–26.

20.
Interviews with Marie Djoza, Bunia, November 28, 2008; interview with Marie Pacuriema and Jacqueline Dz’ju Malosi, Bunia, November 22, 2008.

21.
Human Rights Watch 2003: 6.

22.
Interview with Johan Swinnen, Kinshasa, November 17, 2007.

23.
Human Rights Watch 2004: 5.

24.
Market Volume DRC, internal document Bralima, September 2008.

25.
Interview with Jo De Neckere, Brussels, January 23, 2010.

26.
Bruijn et al. 2001.

27.
Giovannoni et al. 2004: 102–105.

28.
Interview with Riza Labwe, Kikwit, September 21, 2008.

29.
Interview with Justine Masika, Goma, December 1, 2008.

30.
Interview with Dolf van den Brink, September 17, 2008.

31.
Yoka 2005: 60.

32.
Interview with Papy Mbwiti, Kinshasa, September 16, 2008.

33.
De Boeck and Plissart 2004: 41.

34.
“Werrason,” Wikipedia, January 30, 2010.

35.
Interviews with seven Werrason fans, Kikwit, September 21, 2008.

36.
Werrason,” Wikipedia, January 30, 2010.

37.
Interview with Flamme Kapaya, Kisangani, November 13 and 16, 2008.

38.
Interview with Dolf van den Brink, October 4, 2008.

39.
Le Potentiel
, September 25, 2008.

40.
Interview with Beko, May 28, 2007.

41.
Frère 2005: 124.

42.
Tigo 2007:
Annual Report and Accounts
.

43.
Frère 2009: 210.

44.
Frère 2009: 209.

45.
Pype 2009a: 103.

46.
Pype 2009a: 103.

47.
Ayad 2001.

48.
Pype 2007.

49.
Kalulambi Pongo 2004: 59.

50.
Pype, 2009c.

51.
Le Potentiel
, February 4, 2006.

52.
Muambi 2009: 96.

53.
Interview with Martin Kayembe, Kinshasa, April 22, 2008.

54.
Le Potentiel
, May 31, 2007.

55.
De Boeck 2004: 162–64.

56.
Ndaywel è Nziem 2002.

57.
Interview with Dominique Khonde Mpolo, Kinshasa, November 10, 2008.

58.
Interview with José Mpundu, Kinshasa, September 23, 2008.

59.
Kennes 2003: 298.

60.
Amnesty International 2006.

61.
Olinga 2006.

62.
Reyntjens 2009: 237.

63.
White 2008: 184, 187.

64.
White 2008: 173; Olinga 2006.

65.
Interview with Israël Tshipamba, Kinshasa, May 29, 2007.

66.
Frère 2007.

67.
Villers 2009: 372.

68.
www.deboutcongolais.info/actualite5/art_330.htm.

CHAPTER 14

1.
Interview with Pascal Rukengwa, Kinshasa, September 26, 2008.

2.
Muambi 2009: 78.

3.
Villers 2009: 366.

4.
Braeckman 2009: 123.

5.
Villers 2009: 369.

6.
Saint Moulin 2009: 54.

7.
Telephone interview with Pascal Rukengwa, Brussels-Kinshasa, February 9, 2010.

8.
Vandaele 2008: 30.

9.
De Valon 2006: 23.

10.
Interview with Carl De Keyzer, Kinshasa, May 27, 2007.

11.
Braeckman 2009: 132.

12.
International Crisis Group 2007: 10.

13.
Human Rights Watch 2008a: 16–65.

14.
Soudan 2007: 28.

15.
Quiproquo, 20 juni 2007.

16.
Interview with Baudouin Waterkeyn, hospital chaplain, Lubumbashi, June 29, 2007.

17.
Villers 2009: 430.

18.
The Africa Report
, accessed December 2009: 197.

19.
Muzito 2010: 4–8.

20.
hrd.undp.org.

21.
www.foreignpolicy.com.

22.
www.doingbusiness.org.

23.
www.unicef.org/infobycountry/drcongo_statistics.html.

24.
Villers 2009: 426.

25.
IPIS 2008a.

26.
Africa Confidential
, October 8, 2009: 2.

27.
Interview with Alain Chirwisa, alias Alesh, Kisangani, November 16, 2008.