Command and Control (109 page)

Hammarskjöld, Dag, 276

Hanson, Michael A., Technical Sergeant

injury, treatment of, 403

as PTS team chief, xvi, 106, 214, 237, 240

Titan II accident response by, 106–7, 214–16, 240, 389–90, 392

Titan II explosion, 398, 400

ventilation fan on order by, 392, 436–37

Harmon, Hubert R., General, 85

Harris, Arthur “Bomber,” Air Marshal, 45

Hastings, Donald E., Airman First Class, 24

Haug, John, Captain, 321–22

H-bomb.
See
Hydrogen bomb

Heineman, Charles T., Senior Airman

as PTS team chief, xv, 101

Titan II accident response by, 29, 56, 59, 214

Hepstall, Erby, Airman, and Titan II (533-7) accident, 339, 341, 343–44, 346

Herlihy, Ed, 187

Herter, Christian A., 257

Hirohito, emperor of Japan, 55

Hiroshima, atomic bombing of, 51–52, 54

Hoffman, Abbie, 16

Holder, Rodney, Staff Sergeant

abandoned at Titan II site, 420–21

biographical information, 30–31

evacuates Titan II site, 67–70, 108

at ghost site, 22

on nature of accident, 102

Titan II accident response by, 33–34, 58, 60, 214

Titan II assignment, xv, 8, 18–20, 30–31

Titan II explosion, 396

Holifield, Chet, 259–60

Holloway, Bruce K., General, 355

Holsey, Ray, 169

Holt, Hamilton, 73–74, 82–83

Holtom, Gerald, 188

Hook, Sidney, 298

Hoover, Herbert, 48

Hopkins, Frank F., Major, 321–22

Horner, Chuck, 348

Hornig, Donald F., 41, 43, 329

Hound Dog missile, 292

Hukle, Rex

enters Titan II accident site, 240–42, 388–89

lawsuit by, 439

left on road, 403

Medal for Heroism to, 439

Titan II explosion, 398, 399, 401

Human error, and accidents, 25–26, 171, 191, 194, 196, 261, 367–77, 430, 450, 460

Humphrey, George M., 143

Humphrey, Hubert H., 304

Huser, Hilary F., 309–10

Hussein, Saddam, 12, 478

Hutto, Sam

biographical information, xvi, 110–11

evacuation of, 112, 229

Titan II explosion, 394–95

Hydrogen accumulator, 428

Hydrogen bomb, 122–29, 133–44.
See also
specific bombs under
Mark

delivery difficulties, 134–37, 161

design, evolution of, 159–61, 184

fallout, dangers of, 137–42

falls from aircraft, 187, 246, 308, 316–19, 423

Namu test bombing, 149

opponents/proponents of, 123–24, 126

power, source of, xx, 122–23, 127–28

public fears of, 142–43

Shrimp/Bravo test, 137–41

Soviet development, 125–26, 132

Strath report, 141–42

Teller-Ulam design, 127–29

test ban by Eisenhower, 199

testing of, 129

Igloos, 159, 165

Iklé, Fred Charles

on Assured Destruction strategy, 434–35

cities bombed, study of, 119–22

launch-on-warning opposition by, 359

nuclear weapons safety reports by, 121–22, 190–96, 264–65

position of, xviii, 119, 359

India, nuclear threat from, 479, 481

Inertial guidance system, 224–25

Instructor crew, 11, 18, 22, 30

Integrated contractor complex, 100

Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM)

Atlas as first, 222

Minuteman, 182, 223, 266, 270–71, 353

MX, 364–65

range of, xx

of Soviet Union, 175–78, 269–70

Titan I, 182, 222–23

Titan II, 223–27

U.S. deficiency (1980s), 13

Interim Agreement on Certain Measures with Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, 358

Intermediate-range missiles

Jupiter, 182, 196, 205, 221–22, 225, 257, 258–60, 262, 266, 279, 290, 293–296, 329, 462, 465

at NATO sites, 183–84, 221, 257–58, 453

Polaris, 182, 200–201

Soviet missiles, 269, 282, 289

Thor, 182, 221, 308–9

International Institute for Strategic Studies, 13

Introvert, 40

Iran

hostage crisis (1980), 12, 13–14, 433

-Iraq conflict, 12

Iraq

-Iran conflict, 12

nuclear weapons program, 478

Israel, nuclear weapons of (2013), 477

Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 176

Jackson, Middland R., Airman, 344–45

James, Archie, Sergeant

injury, treatment of, 402–3

at Titan II accident site, 390

Titan II explosion, 397, 401

Japan

atomic bombing of, 51–55

firebombing of, 44, 91–92

World War II, 44

World War II tactics, 44, 46

Jeppson, Morris, 50–51

Johnson, Leary, Captain, 311

Johnson, Leonhard D., 311–12

Johnson, Louis A., 86, 124

Johnson, Lyndon B., on missile gap, 176, 177

Johnston, Lawrence, 41

Johnston Island, 308–9

Jones, Parker F., 247

Jones, Thomas K., 445

Jones, William A., Colonel

disaster experience, lack of, 107, 395

evacuation order by, 395

position of, xvi, 107

at Titan II accident site, 107–8

Titan II explosion, 402

Judge Advocate General's Corps (JAG)

functions of, xx, 107

at Titan II accident site, 107

Jupiter missiles, 182, 225

accident threat from, 196–97, 258–60, 290, 329, 465

at NATO sites, problems of, 221–22, 257–62, 279, 290, 293–96, 462

Kansas

Titan II accident.
See
Titan II Launch Complex 533-7 accident

Titan II launch complexes in, 27

KATV, 108

Kaysen, Carl, 280–81

K-crew

function of, xx, 210

and Titan II accident, 210, 214, 216–17, 233–34, 241, 391

Kehler, C. Robert, General, 475

Kemp, Jack, 17

Kennan, George F., 76, 80, 84

Kennedy, Edward M., 13

Kennedy, Jeff, 101–6

biographical information, 103

blast doors, faith in, 106, 116, 238

death of, 486

enters Titan II accident site, 109–10, 115–17, 389–92

injury, treatment of, 413–14, 421, 431, 436

lawsuit by, 440

Medal for Heroism to, 439–40

medical disability claim denied, 438–39

missile repair expertise of, xv, 102

postaccident reprimand, 438

protective gear, lack of, 211, 214

relationship with Powell, 109

rescue from site, 405, 406–8

rules, violation by, 116–18, 217, 438

on Titan II accident coverup, 436–37

on Titan II accident response mistakes, 437

Titan II accident site, arrival at, 108–10

Titan II explosion, 392, 401, 406–7

Titan II response plan, opposition to, 239–40, 389

Kennedy, John F.

Bay of Pigs, 278

Berlin crisis, 278–87

Cuban missile crisis, 288–97, 462

defense secretary actions under.
See
McNamara, Robert S.

on missile gap, 176, 249–50, 269–71, 284

NATO weapons, problems with, 258–65

peace, speeches on, 276–77, 284, 296

Soviet attack, plan for, 277–79, 281–87

Kennedy, Robert F., 285–86, 288, 296

Kennedy, Russell, Colonel, 213

Kenney, George C., General, 75, 89

Keys

to launch missiles, 27–28, 158, 299

and overseas bases, 184, 259

KGFL radio, on Titan II accident, 60–64, 418–19

Khariton, Yuli Borisovich, 85

Khrushchev, Nikita

Berlin crisis, 278–79, 283–84, 286

Cuban missile crisis, 289, 292–96, 462

on missile gap, 176–77, 269

on no-cities strategy, 288

on nuclear accident, 188, 194

peace campaign of, 183

Kidder, Ray E., 456

Killian, James R., 161–62

Kinderman, Joseph A., Major, 216–17

King, Sid

biographical information, xvi, 61–63

at Titan II accident site, 60–64, 108, 236

Titan II explosion, 392–94

Titan II explosion broadcast, 418–19

Kissinger, Henry A.

on abolition of weapons, 481–82

launch-on-warning support by, 359

as limited war proponent, 200, 355, 361

on nuclear strategy problems, 353–55

Titan II, opposition to, 351

Kistiakowsky, George B., 40–43, 205–6

position of, xvii, 205

Klaxons, 20, 24, 33, 56, 339

Knacke, Theodor W., 134–35

Koop, Theodore F., 156

Korean Airlines Flight 007, 447

Korean War, 99, 125

Korzenko, John G., Airman, 344

Kulka, Bruce, Captain, 186

Kuter, Laurence S., General, 253–54

Land mines, nuclear, 256–57

Lapierre, Dominique, 14

Launch Complexes, Titan II accidents.
See entries under
Titan II Launch Complex

Launch-on-warning, 357, 359–62, 478

Lay, Bernie Jr., 148

Lay, Gary, 23–26

Leaf, Howard W., General, 377

Leavitt, Lloyd R., Jr., General

biographical information, 212–13, 215

follows Martin Marietta plan, 237

and media coverage, 431

position of, xvi, 118, 212

Titan II, lack of experience with, 213

Titan II response plan approval by, 118, 212, 217, 227, 233–34

Lehr, Herbert M., Sergeant, 35–36

LeMay, Curtis E., General

accountability demanded by, 346

biographical information, 89–92

civil defense, view of, 150, 154

on counterforce strategy, 131, 133, 201

on Cuban missile crisis, 291, 296

on missile unreliability, 220

on most powerful weapons, 130–31, 201–2, 267

position of, xvii

public mockery of, 304–5

SAC improvements by, 89, 92–94, 296

Strategic Air Command
(film), portrayal of, 148

Titan II, opposition to, 223

Lemnitzer, Lyman, General, 281–82

Lester, Gregory W., Titan II accident response by, 29, 57, 59, 214

Light, James E., Jr., General, 425–26

Lightning, and accident risk, 41, 43, 222, 328, 329, 376, 436, 474

Lilienthal, David E.

hydrogen bomb opposition, 123

Los Alamos, assessment of, 95–97

position of, xviii, 88, 95

Limited Test Ban Treaty, 296

Limited war strategy, 200, 355, 361

Limits of Safety, The
(Sagan), 462–63

Lindbergh, Charles A., 89

Linthicum, Mirl, Airman, and Titan II (533-7) accident, 339–40, 344

Liquid oxygen (LOX)

dangers of, 222

as propellant, xx, 269

Lithium deuteride, 137, 140

Little Boy (A-bomb), 50–51, 96, 134

Little Rock SAC command post

chief of, xvi, 102

Disaster Response Force deployment, 107–8

evacuation order from, 214–16

Titan II, lack of experience with, 210–11

Titan II accident communication, 59–60, 209–10

Livingston, David L., Senior Airman

biographical information, 232

death of, 430–31, 436–37

enters Titan II accident site, 240–42, 389–92

family lawsuit, 439

injury, treatment of, 413–14, 421, 437

Medal for Heroism to, 439–40

position of, xvi

premonition of death, 232–33

rescue from site, 407, 411–13

Titan II explosion, 392, 401, 407

Lockheed, 182

Locking systems, for nuclear weapons.
See
Permissive action links (PALs)

Looking Glass, 273, 303

Los Alamos, New Mexico

deficiencies of lab, 95–98

first nuclear weapon.
See
Atomic bomb; Manhattan Project

hydrogen bomb development, 122–29, 133–44

Los Alamos, New Mexico (
cont.
)

Livermore competition with, 159

one-point safety defined, 197–98

radiation-related accidents, 94–95

Soviet spies at, 85, 127, 135

Lovejoy, Frank, 148

Lucky Dragon,
140

Luftwaffe, 44, 45

Lutz, Floyd T., 309–10

McCloy, John, 279

McCone, John A., 190

McCormick, Thomas, Major, 310

McDonald, George, 35

McMahon, Brien, 78, 124

Macmillan, Harold, 188, 279

McNamara, Robert S.

accidents, fear of, 247–49, 301–2, 313

Assured Destruction strategy, 302, 352, 434–35

and Berlin crisis, 280–81, 284–85

and command-and-control revision, 271–75, 279–82

and Cuban missile crisis, 293, 295

defense policy of, 265–71, 352

on Jupiters in Turkey, 293–96, 462

no-cities strategy, 287–88, 302

nuclear strategy assessment by, 249–57, 264–65

on nuclear weapons abolition, 482

position of, xviii, 247–48

and Vietnam War, 304

McRaven, William H., 475–76

Maintenance and accidents

incidents of, 56, 338–46, 422–23, 449, 475

risks related to, 104, 160, 436

Titan II accident, 7, 56, 60, 64–65, 102, 109, 437

Malinger, Carl, Airman, and Titan II (533-7) accident, 339, 341–46, 386

Manhattan Project, 35–44

atom bomb design/construction, 48–49

bomb design, evolution of, 39–42, 48–50

first nuclear weapon assembly, 35–37

formation of, 37–38

hydrogen bomb project, 123

members of, xvii, 36, 38, 40, 41, 134

opponents of bomb, 44–45

plutonium, creation of, 39

regrets about bomb, 77–78

Soviet spies, 85, 465–66

Trinity test, 36, 40–44, 47–48, 52, 94, 205, 329

use of bomb, U.S. secrecy about, 77–78

MANIAC, xx, 129