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15.
Roger Penrose,
Structure of Spacetime
, in DeWitt and Wheeler, 1968, p 121.

16.
Wheeler, “Beyond the Black Hole,” in Woolf, 1980, p. 351.

17.
Ibid., p. 356. Wheeler’s italics.

C
HAPTER
N
INETEEN
: M
IND AND
M
ATTER
 

1.
In Von Puttkamer, Jesco, “Extraterrestrial Life: Where Is Everybody?”
Cosmic Search
, Summer 1979, p. 43. See also F.M. Cornford, “Innumerable Worlds in Presocratic Philosophy,”
Classical Quarterly
, January 1934, p. 13.

2.
In Bailey, Cyril, 1926, p. 25.

3.
In Lange, 1925, p. 233.

4.
In Debus, 1978, p. 87.

5.
In Dick, 1984, p. 111.

6.
Fontenelle, 1929, pp. 12, 82.

7.
Ibid., p. 55.

8.
Ibid., pp. 114–115.

9.
Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison, “Searching for Interstellar Communications,”
Nature
, September 19, 1959.

10.
William Proxmire, press release dated February 16, 1978, p. 2. The senator did not reveal the source of his intelligence on this point.

11.
In Barrow and Tipler, 1986, p. 26.

C
HAPTER
T
WENTY
: T
HE
P
ERSISTENCE OF
M
YSTERY
 

1.
Lewis Thomas, “Debating the Unknowable,”
The Atlantic Monthly
, July 1981; address to the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, reprinted in
The New York Times
, July 2, 1978, p. 15.

2.
Popper,
Conjectures and Refutations
, 1968, p. 28.

3.
For a discussion of this painting, see Foucault, 1982.

4.
In French, A.P., 1979, p. 53.

5.
See, e.g., Santillana, 1970, p. 60.

6.
Borges, interview with Amelia Barili,
The New York Times Book Review
, July 13, 1986, p. 28.

7.
In Cohen and Seeger, 1970, p. 220.

8.
In Mehta, 1965, p. 155.

9.
Niels Bohr, interviewed by Thomas Kuhn, in Mackinnon, 1982, p. 375.

10.
Wheeler, interview with TF, Austin Texas; remainder of quotation in Buckley and Peat, 1979.

11.
Einstein,
Out of My Later Years
, 1979, p. 114.

12.
Epictetus,
Encheiridion
, verse 43, Oldfather translation.

B
IBLIOGRAPHY
 

A man will turn over half a library to make one book.

—Samuel Johnson

 

The following lists many of the titles consulted in researching this book. In the interest of brevity only books are included, and not articles or technical papers.

Abbott, Edwin A.
Flatland: A Romance in Many Dimensions
. New York: Dover, 1952. Classic fictionalized exposition of dimensionality.

Abell, George, and P.J.E. Peebles, eds.
Objects of High Redshift
. Boston: Reidel, 1980. Proceedings of a 1979 symposium on remote galaxies and quasars. Abetti, Giorgio.
The History of Astronomy
, trans. Betty Burr Abetti. New York: Schuman, 1952.

Adamczewski, Jan.
Nicolaus Copernicus and His Epoch
. Philadelphia: Copernicus Society of America, 1978.

Adams, Frank Dawson.
The Birth and Development of the Geological Sciences
. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1938. Historical survey of geology from ancient times to about 1825.

Adams, Henry.
The Education of Henry Adams
. New York: The Modern Library, 1931.

Afnan, Soheil M.
Avicenna: His Life and Work
. London: Allen & Unwin, 1958.

Ager, D.V.
Principles of Paleontology: An Introduction to the Study of How and Where Animals and Plants Lived in the Past
. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.

Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ’Abd al-Ghaffar, al-Kazwini al-Ghifari.
Epitome of the

Ancient History of Persia
, trans. W. Ouseley. London: Cadell, 1799. Contains statement of eternal geological cycles cited by the geologist Lyell.

Albritton, Claude C., Jr.
The Abyss of Time: Changing Conceptions of the Earth’s Antiquity After the Sixteenth Century
. San Francisco: Freeman, 1980. Nontechnical introduction to the question of geological time and evolution.

Alexander, H.G., ed.
The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence
. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1970. Early debate on the nature of Newtonian space.

Alic, Margaret.
Hypatia’s Heritage: A History of Women in Science from Antiquity to the Late Nineteenth Century
. London: The Women’s Press, 1986.

Allen, C.W.
Astrophysical Quantities
. London: University of London Press, 1963.

Allen, J.M., ed.
The Nature of Biological Diversity
. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.

Allen, Richard Hinckley.
Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning
. New York: Dover, 1963.

Aller, Lawrence H., and Dean B. McLaughlin, eds.
Stellar Structure
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965. Collection of technical papers of historical interest.

Alvarez, Luis W.
Alvarez: Adventures of a Physicist
. New York: Basic Books, 1987.

Autobiography of the versatile researcher in accelerator physics and nuclear fusion.

Amaldi, Ginestra.
The Nature of Matter
, trans. Peter Astbury. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.

Andrade, Edward Neville da Costa.
Rutherford and the Nature of the Atom
. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1964.

Anthony,
W.D. Science and Its Background
. New York: St. Martin’s, 1961.

Apollonius of Rhodes.
The Voyage of Argo
, trans. E.V. Rieu. London: Penguin, 1959. The legend of Jason and the Golden Fleece.

Appleman, Philip, ed.
Darwin: A Norton Critical Edition
. New York: Norton, 1979. Includes excerpts from Lyell, Hooker, Huxley, etc.

Aquinas, Thomas.
Summa Theologica
, trans. Daniel J. Sullivan and the Fathers of the English Dominican Province. 2 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.

Archimedes.
The Works of Archimedes Including the Method
, trans. Thomas L. Heath. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.

Aristarchus of Samos.
Distances of the Sun and Moon
, trans. Ivor Thomas. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980.

Aristotle.
The Basic Works of Aristotle
, ed. Richard McKeon. New York: Random House, 1968.

—————.
The Complete Works of Aristotle
, ed. Jonathan Barnes. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Armitage, Angus.
Copernicus, the Founder of Modern Astronomy
. New York: Barnes, 1962.

—————.
Sun, Stand Thou Still: The Life and Work of Copernicus
. London: Sigma, 1947.

—————.
Edmond Halley
. London: Nelson, 1966.

—————.
The World of Copernicus
. New York: Mentor, 1951.

Asimov, Isaac.
Understanding Physics
, Vol. Ill,
The Electron, Proton, and Neutron
. New York: Mentor, 1966. Introduction by a master of science popularization.

Atkins, P.W.
The Second Law.
San Francisco: Freeman, 1984. Illustrated explication of the second law of thermodynamics.

Atkinson, Geoffrey.
The Extraordinary Voyage in French Literature Before 1700
. New York: Columbia University Press, 1920.

Atkinson, R.J.C.
Stonehenge
. London: Pelican, 1960.

Augustine of Hippo.
City of God
, trans. Henry Bettenson. London: Pelican, 1972.

—————.
Confessions
, trans. R.S. Pine-Coffin. London: Penguin, 1970.

Avicenna.
Metaphysics
, trans. Parviz Morewedge. New York: Columbia University Press, 1973.

Ayer, A.J.
Wittgenstein
. New York: Random House, 1985.

Baade, Walter.
Evolution of Stars and Galaxies
. Cambridge: Mass.: MIT Press, 1975.

Bailey, Cyril.
Epicurus: The Extant Remains
. London: Oxford University Press, 1926.

—————.
The Greek Atomists and Epicurus
. London: Oxford University Press, 1928.

Bailey, James.
The God-Kings and the Titans
. New York: St. Martin’s, 1973. Makes a case for cultural diffusion via pre-Columbian contacts among Asia, Europe, and the New World.

Banville, John.
Doctor Copernicus
. London: Grenada, 1984. A novel, light on science but strong on personality,—————.
Kepler: A Novel
. Boston: Godine, 1984.

Barnes, C.A., D.D. Clayton, and D.N. Schramm, eds.
Essays in Nuclear Astrophysics
. London: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Barnett, Lincoln.
The Universe and Dr. Einstein
. New York: Sloane, 1948. Venerable popularization of relativity theory.

Barrow, John D., and Frank Tipler.
The Anthropic Cosmological Principle
. London: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Barut, Asim O., Alwyn van der Merwe, and Jean-Pierre Vigier, eds.
Quantum, Space, and Time—The Quest Continues
. London: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Essays in honor of de Broglie, Dirac, and Wigner.

Baumgardt, Carola.
Johannes Kepler, Life and letters
. New York: Philosophical Library, 1951.

Beaglehole, J.C.
The Exploration of the Pacific
. London: Black, 1966.

Beazley, Charles Raymond.
Prince Henry the Navigator
. New York: Putnam’s, 1904.

Beer, Arthur, and K.A. Strand, eds.
Copernicus: Yesterday and Today
. New York: Pergamon, 1975, Beiser, Arthur.
Concepts of Modem Physics
. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981. College-level textbook.

Bell, A.E.
Christiaan Huygens and the Development of Science in the Seventeenth Century
. London: Arnold, 1947. Emphasizes Huygens’s contributions to a scientific world in which Newtonian and Cartesian mechanics still contended.

Bell, Christopher.
Portugal and the Quest for the Indies
. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

Bell, E.T.
Men of Mathematics
. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1937. Biographical sketches of mathematicians from Pythagoras to Cantor.

Benacerraf, Paul, and Hilary Putnam, eds.
Philosophy of Mathematics
. London: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Berendzen, Richard, ed.
Life Beyond Earth and the Mind of Man
. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1973. Based on a 1972 SETI symposium held at Boston University.

—————, Richard Hart, and Daniel Seeley.
Man Discovers the Galaxies
. New York: Science History Publications, 1976.

Berger, A., ed.
The Big Bang and Georges Lemaître
. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1985. Papers presented at a symposium at Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 1983, honoring the originator of the big bang theory.

Bergmann, Peter G.
The Riddle of Gravitation
. New York: Scribner’s, 1968. Semi-technical explication of general relativity.

Berkeley, George.
The Principles of Human Knowledge
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.

Berkhuijsen, Elly M., and Richard Wielebinski, eds.
Structure and Properties of Nearby Galaxies
. Boston: Reidel, 1978. Proceedings of a 1977 astronomical symposium.

Bernal, J.D.
The Origin of Life
. London: Weidenfeld, 1967.

—————.
Science in History
. London: Watts, 1954.

Bernstein, Jeremy.
Einstein
. New York: Viking, 1973. Mines ground left largely untouched by other biographies.

—————.
Hans Bethe: Prophet of Energy
. New York: Basic Books, 1980. Anecdotal profile of the pathfinding physicist.

—————, and Gerald Feinberg, eds.
Cosmological Constants
. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Berry, Michael.
Principles of Cosmology and Gravitation
. London: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Berry, W.B.N.
Growth of a Prehistoric Time Scale
. San Francisco: Freeman, 1968.

Brief introduction to the development of stratigraphy and the emergence of a geochronological system.

Bertocci, P.A.
The Empirical Argument for God in Late British Thought
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1938.

Bertotti, B., F. de Felice, and A. Pascolini.
General Relativity and Gravitation
. Boston: Reidel, 1984. Papers presented at a 1983 conference.

Beyerchen, Alan D.
Scientists Under Hitler
. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1977. Includes accounts of Max Planck’s exemplary career and tragic life.

Bienkowska, Barbara, ed.
The Scientific World of Copernicus
. Boston: Reidel, 1973.

Billingham, John, ed.
Life in the Universe
. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1981.

Blaauw, Adriaan, and Maarten Schmidt, eds.
Galactic Structure
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.

Blacker, Carmen, and Michael Loewe, eds.
Ancient Cosmologies
. London: Allen & Unwin, 1975.

Blackmore, John T.
Ernst Mach
. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.

Blake, George.
British Ships and Shipbuilders
. London: Collins, 1946. Illustrated.

Blum, Harold F.
Time’s Arrow and Evolution
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1968. Study of evolution and thermodynamics.

Boas, Franz.
The Mind of Primitive Man
. New York: Macmillan, 1938.

Bochner, Salomon.
The Role of Mathematics in the Rise of Science
. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981.

Boethius, Ancius.
The Consolation of Philosophy
, trans. V.E. Watts. New York: Penguin Books, 1976.

Bohm, David.
Causality and Chance in Modern Physics
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1957.

—————.
The Special Theory of Relativity
. Reading, Mass.: Benjamin/Cummings, 1965. Some mathematics.

—————.
Wholeness and the Implicate Order
. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.

Bohr, Niels.
Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge
. New York: Wiley, 1960.

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