Citizen Emperor (161 page)

Read Citizen Emperor Online

Authors: Philip Dwyer

BOOK: Citizen Emperor
13.92Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
21
.
Chandler,
Campaigns of Napoleon
, p. 548; Lentz,
Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire
, i. p. 275, gives 10,000 French and 12,000 Russian casualties.
22
.
Jeremy Black,
The Battle of Waterloo
(New York, 2010), pp. 32–3.
23
.
Jean-Jacques Régis de Cambacérès,
Lettres inédites à Napoléon: 1802–1814
, 2 vols (Paris, 1973), i. p. 455 (1 March 1807); Lanzac de Laborie,
Paris sous Napoleon
, iii. p. 53.
24
.
Gerstein, ‘Le regard consolateur’, p. 321.
25
.
Corr.
xiv. nos. 11815, 11819, 11827, 11840, 11907, 11917 and 11988 (14, 17, 18, 20 and 28 February, 2 and 11 March 1807).
26
.
Corr.
xiv. n. 11847 (21 February 1807).
27
.
Corr.
xiv. nos. 11791, 11899, 11990, 12022, 12023 (9 and 28 February, 11 and 13 March 1807). On Napoleon’s initial attempts to manipulate public opinion around Eylau see Marrinan, ‘Literal/Literary/“Lexie”’, 177, 179–80.
28
.
Corr.
xiv. nos. 11789, 11800, 11801, 11813, 11990, 12610 (9, 12 and 14 February, 11 and 25 March 1807).
29
.
Corr.
xiv. n. 11796 (9 February 1797). The
Moniteur universel
, 2 April 1807, cites the figure of 5,000 killed and wounded. Bell,
Total War
, p. 256.
30
.
Found in
Bataille de Preussisch-Eylau, gagnée par la grande armée, commandée en personne par S.M. Napoléon Ier
(Paris, 1807), pp. 18–23. Napoleon even executed a drawing of the battlefield that he intended to publish, but never did (H. M. A. Berthaut,
Les ingénieurs géographes militaires, 1624–1831: étude historique
(Paris, 1902), ii. p. 49).
31
.
Corr.
xiv. n. 11853 (21 February 1807);
Bataille de Preussisch-Eylau,
p. 13; J. M. Thompson,
Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall
(Oxford, 1951), pp. 313–14.
32
.
O’Brien,
After the Revolution
, pp. 158–9.
33
.
Billon,
Souvenirs
, pp. 68–9; Roger Vaultier, ‘La chirurgie militaire sous le Premier Empire’,
Chroniques
(28 March 1951), 415.
34
.
Gallo,
Lettres d’amour
, p. 159 (9 February 1807).
35
.
Tourtier-Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour à Joséphine
, p. 252 (14 February 1807).
36
.
Saint-Chamans,
Mémoires
, p. 61; Percy,
Journal des campagnes
, p
p. 
175, 179–80.
37
.
John L. H. Keep,
Soldiers of the Tsar: Army and Society in Russia, 1462–1874
(Oxford, 1985), p. 195.
38
.
Chaptal,
Mes souvenirs
, p. 342.
39
.
Louis-Florimond Fantin des Odoards,
Journal du général Fantin des Odoards, étapes d’un officier de la Grande Armée, 1800–1830
(Paris, 1895), p. 143.
40
.
Corr.
xiv. nos. 11810, 11890 (13 and 26 February 1807); Schroeder,
Transformation of European Politics
, p. 311.
41
.
Chandler,
Campaigns of Napoleon
, pp. 559–60.
42
.
English-language accounts of the battle of Friedland include: Harold T. Parker,
Three Napoleonic Battles
(Durham, NC, 1983), pp. 3–26; Petre,
Napoleon’s Campaign in Poland
, pp. 304–29; Chandler,
Campaigns of Napoleon
, pp. 572–85; Gates,
The Napoleonic Wars,
pp. 77–80; Laurence Spring (ed.),
An Englishman in the Russian Army, 1807: The Journal of Colonel James Bathurst during the East Prussia Campaign, 1807
(Knaphill, 2000).
43
.
Marbot,
Mémoires
, i. pp. 364, 370.
44
.
Savary,
Mémoires
, iii. p. 91; Emmanuel-Henri de Grouchy,
Mémoires du maréchal de Grouchy
, 5 vols (Paris, 1873–4), ii. pp. 330–1; Sir Robert Wilson,
Brief Remarks on the Character and Composition of the Russian Army and a Sketch of the Campaigns in Poland in the Years 1806 and 1807
(London, 1810), p. 160.
45
.
Tourtier-Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour à Joséphine
, p. 292 (15 June 1807).
46
.
Fantin des Odoards,
Journal
, p. 114.
47
.
Fantin des Odoards,
Journal
, p. 328.
48
.
Patricia Kennedy Grimsted,
The Foreign Ministers of Alexander
I: Political Attitudes and the Conduct of Russian Diplomacy, 1801–1825
(Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969), p. 165.
49
.
Granville,
Private Correspondence
, ii. p. 228.
50
.
Grimsted,
The Foreign Ministers of Alexander
I
, pp. 152–64.
51
.
Financially, on the other hand, the campaigns of 1806–8 cost France little. See Tulard,
Napoléon ou le mythe du sauveur
, pp. 197–8; Pierre Branda,
Le prix de la gloire: Napoléon et l’argent
(Paris, 2007), pp. 314–19.
52
.
There are a number of letters from Napoleon to Talleyrand in March 1807 that point in this direction.
Corr.
xiv. nos. 11918, 11977, 12028 (3, 9 and 14 March 1807).
53
.
Bertrand (ed.),
Lettres inédites
, pp. 468–9 (18 June 1807).
54
.
Cited in Plongeron, ‘Cyrus ou les lectures d’une figure biblique dans la rhétorique religieuse’, 42, 64.
55
.
For another period see Jan Hennings, ‘The Semiotics of Diplomatic Dialogue: Pomp and Circumstance in Tsar Peter I’s Visit to Vienna in 1698’,
International History Review
, 30 (2008), 515–44.
56
.
François,
Journal
, p. 536 (25 June 1807); Johannes Paulmann,
Pomp und Politik: Monarchenbegegnungen in Europa zwischen Ancien Régime und Erstem Weltkrieg
(Paderborn, 2000), p. 46.
57
.
See Albert Vandal,
Napoléon et Alexandre Ier. L’alliance russe sous le premier Empire
, 3 vols (Paris, 1893–6), i. pp. 57–8; Herbert Butterfield,
The Peace Tactics of Napoleon, 1806–1808
(Cambridge, 1929), pp. 181–276; Jean Thiry,
Eylau, Friedland, Tilsit
(Paris, 1964), pp. 189–218; Gherardo Casaglia,
Le partage du monde: Napoléon et Alexandre à Tilsit, 25 juin 1807
(Paris, 1998), pp. 203–34; Schroeder,
Transformation of European Politics
, pp. 320–3. The Russian perspective is treated in Marie-Pierre Rey,
Alexandre Ier
(Paris, 2009), pp. 235–8.
58
.
Metternich believed that there was something missing from Alexander, but that it was impossible to put his finger on it (Metternich,
Mémoires
, i. pp. 315–17).
59
.
Captain Coignet, present during the evening, was a little disgusted to see how the Russian Guard, once they had had their fill of food and drink, stuck fingers down their throats to make themselves vomit and start all over again (Coignet,
Note-Books
, pp. 154–6).

Other books

The Passionate Greek by Catherine Dane
Dark Heart Rising by Lee Monroe
The Woman in the Fifth by Douglas Kennedy
Forbidden by Cheryl Douglas
Hostage For A Hood by Lionel White
A Murder of Crows by David Rotenberg
The Green Road by Anne Enright
You and Everything After by Ginger Scott