Blood at the Root: A Racial Cleansing in America (45 page)

Harris, Charles L. (Charlie)

about, 9

and accounts of Cherokee removals, 76, 77

Atlanta Northeastern Railroad Company, 9–11, 26, 81–82, 99, 175, 180

belief that “race troubles” were over, 26–27

communication with Governor Brown, 8, 19, 128

concerns about Plainville “race war,” 17

incentive to protect black defendants, 82

and mass meeting about night riders, 114, 115

meeting with Ellen Grice’s family, 25–26

photograph,
11

relocation to Cordele, Georgia, 181

and “Seeing Georgia” tour, 174–80

transfer of Crow suspects to Atlanta, 58

and white mob after Smith’s arrest, 19

Harris, David, 76

Harris, Deasie, 17–18

Harris, Isabella, 17–18, 19, 68

Harris, Joe Frank, 222, 233, 236–37

Harris, Leon, 17–18

Hart, Gary, xvi, 225

Hartsfield, Mrs., 223

Heard, Minnie, 14

Hightower Association, 12–13

Hill, Wheeler, 66

History of the American People
(Wilson), 168

Hockenhull, John

death, 170

and dynamiting of worker cabins, 169–70

rehiring of black workers, 169–70

silence regarding purge, 181

treatment of Mae Crow, 29, 66, 148

trial testimony, 93–94, 148

Hockenhull, John Sr., 148

Hockenhull, Laura, 168–69, 181

Holmes, Pete, 49

Holtzclaw, Mrs., xviii

Hood, Joe, 121

Hooks, Benjamin, 225, 230

Howard Beach (Queens, New York City), 207

Howell, Toney

arrest after Ellen Grice’s attack, 4–5, 12

charges against, 83

photographs,
xxi
,
86
,
87

transfer to Cumming for trial, 85–92

trial postponement, 107

Hughes, Langston, 192

Hunt, Benjamin, 161, 162–63, 164, 166

Hunter, Alex, 183

Hurse, Bill, 122–23, 124

Indian Removal Act of 1830, 75

Jackson, Jesse, xvi

Jaspin, Elliot, 183–84, 185, 220, 234

Jenkins, Will, 123, 124

Jenny, complaint to Freedmen’s Bureau, 148

Jim Crow laws, 6, 151, 162, 168

John, complaint to Freedmen’s Bureau, 146

Johnson, Ed, 31, 33, 35, 104, 152

Jones, Herschel V., 130, 135, 136, 137

Jones, J. B., 43

Jones, Monroe, 136

Jordan, Alice, 27

Jordan, George, 27, 67–68

Jordan, Mattie, 67

Jordan, Ruth

on Crow assault, 45

on Ernest Knox mock lynching, 37–38, 39–40

on execution of Knox and Daniel, 138

on homeless Knox children, 35–36, 37

on Mae Crow’s burial, 67

on night rider violence, 67–68

Julian, A. J., 112–13

Kal
kaua, David (king), 242

Kellogg, Edmund, 142, 143, 152

Kellogg, Eliza Thompson, 73, 81, 143–44, 158–59, 162, 244

Kellogg, George, 142

Kellogg, Hannah, 142, 150

Kellogg, Joseph

Colored Methodist Campground, 12

increasing prosperity, 150–51

move to Marietta, 158–59

photograph,
13

property listed for sale, 160

property owned, 12, 73, 81, 142, 143, 152

as qualified voter, 143

slavery, 143

wedding, 143–44

Kellogg, Lewis, 143

Kincaid, J. H., 53

King, Coretta Scott, xvi, 225, 230

King, Gilbert, 193

King, Martin Luther Jr.

assassination, xvi, 196, 219, 238

birthplace, 243

Ebenezer Baptist Church, 195

on Hosea Williams, 219

nonviolence, 215

Kiska, Moses, 192

Knox, Charlie, 34, 35–36

Knox, Erma, 34, 35–36

Knox, Ernest

arrest, xi

body used by surgical students, 139

at Buford, Georgia,
xxi
,
36
,
87

charges against, 83

childhood poverty, 34, 35–36

“confession,” 39–40, 42, 95, 100, 201

execution, 134, 136–38

hired by Gilford Bagby, 36

mirror found near Mae Crow’s body, 38

mock lynching, 37–38, 39–40, 42, 95

sentencing, 105

taken to Gainesville jail, 42–43

transfer to Atlanta after trial, 106–7

transfer to Cumming for execution, 127–28,
129

transfer to Cumming for trial, 85–92

transfer to Fulton County Jail (Atlanta), 43–44, 53

see also State of Georgia v. Ernest Knox

Knox, Nettie, 34, 35, 137

Ku Klux Klan

Bill Reid membership in, 2, 8, 47, 61, 92

celebration after Brotherhood March, xvi,
xvii

in Cumming’s Fourth of July Parade, 199

disbanding in 1870s, 71

in
History of the American People
, 168

rebirth, 71–72

Southern Poverty Law Center lawsuit, 238

Ku Klux Klan Act, 71

land lotteries, 75, 76, 78

Lewis, Helen Matthews, 193–95, 199

Lewis, John,
216
, 225

Lindorme, Arnold, 128, 131, 137, 139

Lowery, Joseph, 225, 230

Lummus, Andrew Jackson, 2

Lummus, Grace, 3

Lummus, Jewell, 3

Lummus, Lillie, 3

Lummus, Mitchell Gay

arrest of Rob Edwards, 45–47

arrest of Will Phillips, 171

attempt to stop Edwards lynching, 49–50, 130, 181

campaign for sheriff, 2–3, 47, 181

and Dabner Elliot’s murder, 155

and execution of Knox and Daniel, 134, 136, 137

Grant Smith taken into custody, 8

photograph,
5

protection of Grant Smith, 22

relocation to Atlanta, 181–82

search for Ellen Grice’s attacker, 4

transfer of Grice suspects, 25

Lummus, Savannah, 3

lynching

abductions from Cumming jail, 48–49

death of Rob Edwards, xi–xii

Laura Nelson, 56,
57

Leo Frank, 88–89,
90
, 92, 104, 154

Mary Turner, 56–57

mock lynching, 37–40, 42, 95

Marcelli, Miguel, 200–205, 210, 225

Marietta Rifles, 22, 23,
24
, 29, 61, 105

Marr, Catie, 34

Martin, Bud, 123, 124

Martin, Emma, 176, 178

Martin, Jess, 123

Martin, Jim, 208–9

Mashburn, Marcus, 196–97

Mason, Carrie, 79

Matheson, K. G., 174

McCarty, Rucker, 85

McClure, Joseph, 100

McCullough, Laura, 210–11

McCullough, W. A., 177

McWhorther, William, 80–81

Miller, Ivey, 14

mob violence

after Ellen Grice assault, 13–14, 16, 18–19, 22, 29

after Mae Crow assault, 45–54

Grant Smith horsewhipping, 7–8

law for controlling violence, 22, 81

outsiders blamed for, 70–71, 72

and “Seeing Georgia” tour, 174–80

see also
lynching; night riders

Moon, Bertha, 186, 188

Moon, Ed, 186, 187, 188

moonshiners, 116–17

Moore, Hudson, 173–74, 175

Morris, Fred

appointment as defense lawyer, 85

lynching of Leo Frank, 88–89, 92, 154

meeting with Forsyth prisoners before trial, 88, 90–91, 101

Morris, Newton A.

appointment of defense lawyers, 84–85

on day of sentencing, 105–6

lynching of Leo Frank, 88–89,
90

meeting with Ellen Grice’s family, 25–26

meeting with Forsyth prisoners before trial, 88, 90–91

order to move Grice prisoners to Atlanta, 53

postponement of Grice and Crow cases, 62

privacy fence ordered for executions, 126, 127, 129–30, 243

request for martial law, 83

State of Georgia v. Ernest Knox
, 92–93, 96–98, 100, 102–3

Toney Howell trial postponement, 107

trial of Oscar Daniel, 104

Mt. Fair, 11, 65

“mulatto” or mixed-race slaves, 78–79

Nash, Royal Freeman, 117–19, 124–25

Neal, Anthony, 81

Nelson, Laura, 56,
57

Newman, William T., 115, 116–17

night riders

burning of black churches, 64–65, 115