An Illustrated Outline of Buddhism: The Essentials of Buddhist Spirituality (20 page)

The Two Schools and the Two Cultural Forms

59

The Main Developmental Phases1

I. Hīnayāna/Early Buddhism

(“Narrow Way”)

II. Hīnayāna/Theravāda
Buddhism

(continuation of the foregoing,

as regards its form, if not as

regards its whole content)

Vajrayāna

“Sapiential”

Hua-yen

Zen

III. Mahāyāna
Buddhism

Tien T’ai

(“Broad Way”)

“Devotional” Amidism

1 See Frithjof Schuon,
Treasures of Buddhism
(Bloomington IN: World Wisdom, 1993),

pp. 34, 109-111, 136-137.

60

An Illustrated Outline of Buddhism

White Tārā as the personification of

Supreme Wisdom (
Prajñāpāramitā
), Java, c. 1300

61

(10) The Twenty-Eight Indian Patriarchs

of Dhyana, Ch’an, or Zen Buddhism

Twenty-eight Indian patriarchs after the Buddha who are recognized

by the
Dhyāna
,
Ch’an
,
or Zen sect as having transmitted the “Seal of Spirit” down to Bodhidharma, who went to China in 520 A.D. and

there became the first Chinese patriarch of
Ch’an
.

(1) Kāshyapa*

(11) Punyayasha

(20) Shayata

(2) Ānanda*

(12) Ashvaghosha

(21) Vasubandhu*

(3) Shānavāsin

(13) Kapimala

(22) Manorata

(4) Upagupta

(14) Nāgārjuna*

(23) Haklena

(5) Dhītak

(15) Kānadeva

(24) Simha

(6) Mishaka

(16) Rāhulabhadra

(25) Bashashita

(7) Vasumitra

(17) Samghanandi

(26) Punyamitra

(8) Buddhanandi (18) Samghayathata

(27) Prajñādhāra*

(9) Buddhamitra (19) Kumāralāta

(28) Bodhidharma*

(10) Pārshva

*
See index for further references to these personages

How can there be laughter, how can there be pleasure, when the

whole world is burning? When ye are in deep darkness, will ye

not ask for a lamp?

Dhammapada, 146

62

An Illustrated Outline of Buddhism

Bodhidharma (
seated
) and Hui-k’o, hanging scroll, Muromachi period, Japan, 1496

Thou shalt not let thy senses make a playground of thy mind.

The Voice of Silence

63

(11) The Six Chinese Patriarchs of Dhyana,

Ch’an, or Zen Buddhism

The Japanese names are given within square brackets.

(1) Tamo

[Daruma]

(c. 470-543)

(Bodhidharma*)

(2) Hui-k’o

[Eka]

(487-593)

(3) Seng ts
’
an

[Sōsan]

(d. 608?)

(4) Tao-hsin

[Dōshin]

(580-651)

(5) Hung-jen

[Gunin]

(601-674)

(6) Hui-neng

[Enō]

(638-713)

*
See index for further references to these personages

When the finger points at the moon, the foolish man looks at

the finger.

Zen saying

64

An Illustrated Outline of Buddhism

Hōnen at the Halo Bridge