American Crucifixion (42 page)

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Hale reviled the money-digging expedition
: E. D. Howe,
Mormonism Unvailed
(Painesville, NY, 1834), p. 263.
16
“glorious beyond description”
:
Millennial Star
42, p. 190.
18
the stock phrase, “It came to pass”
: Mark Twain,
Roughing It
(New York: Harper Brothers, 1918), p. 110.
21
He didn’t claim to be a full-time preacher
: Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church
, vol. 5, p. 265.
21
they expected “to find him in his sanctum”
: John G. Turner,
Brigham Young, Pioneer Prophet
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012), p. 31.
22
“Newel K. Whitney! Thou art the man!”
: Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church
, vol. 6, p. 1.
22
lodging with the Whitneys
: George D. Smith,
Nauvoo Polygamy
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2011), p. 136.
22
“about 70 of the brethren”
: Scott H. Faulring, ed.,
An American Prophet’s Record: The Diaries and Journals of Joseph Smith
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), p. 307.
23
a young Gentile woman from Portsmouth
: Charlotte Haven, “A Girl’s Letters from Nauvoo,”
Overland Monthly
16 (December 1890).
23
“He has unlimited influence”
: John Hallwas and Roger Launius,
Cultures in Conflict: A Documentary History of the Mormon War in Illinois
(Logan: Utah State University Press, 1995), p. 34.
24
converted . . . Campbellite preacher Sidney Rigdon
: Richard Van Wagoner,
Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1994), p. 127.
24
“He had all the weaknesses”
: Brigham Young,
Journal of Discourses
, vol. 4 (Liverpool and London: F. D. and S. W. Richards, 1854), p. 78, rpt. 78, available online at
http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/JournalOfDiscourses3/id/9599/rec/1
.
25
“Since this order has been preached”
: Matthew Bowman,
The Mormon People
(New York: Random House, 2012), p. 76.
26
“Universal satisfaction manifested”
: Richard Lyman Bushman,
Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), p. 450.
27
“We were washed and anointed”
: Turner,
Brigham Young
, p. 86.
27
postulants donned a special white garment
: Brodie,
No Man Knows,
pp. 280–281.
27
adapted and perverted the . . . Masonic ritual
: David John Buerger, “The Development of the Mormon Temple Endowment Ceremony,”
Dialogue—A Journal of Mormon Thought
20 (4).
28
“The secret of masonry is”
: Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church,
vol. 6, p. 59.
28
he had many secrets to keep
: D. Michael Quinn,
The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1994), p. 112.
28
preached the most famous sermon of his life
: Bushman,
Rough Stone Rolling
, p. 534.
29
“We suppose that God was God”
: For text of King Follett sermon, see Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church,
vol. 6, p. 302ff.
29
“some of the most blasphemous doctrines”
: Lyndon W. Cook,
William Law: Biographical Essay; Nauvoo Diary; Correspondence; Interview
(Orem, UT: Grandin Book, 1994), p. 49.
30
decided to run for the presidency
: Michael Marquardt,
The Rise of Mormonism
(Xulon Press, 2005), p. 625.
30
“pardon every convict”
: Susan Easton Black, “Nauvoo Neighbor: The Latter-day Saint Experience at the Mississippi River, 1843–1845,”
BYU Studies
51 (3) (2012), p. 150.
30
“General Smith is the greatest”
: Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church,
vol. 6, p. 361.
31
a different steamboat sounding
: Black, “Nauvoo Neighbor,” p. 150.
31
they dispatched surrogates
: Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church,
vol. 6, p. 157.
32
“governor of a new religious territory”
:
New York Herald
, July 3, 1841.
32
“purpose was . . . to govern the entire world”
:
Times and Seasons,
May 1, 1844, and Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church,
vol. 6, p. 292.
33
president pro tem of the world
: Grant H. Palmer, “Did Joseph Smith Commit Treason in His Quest for Political Empire in 1844?”
John Whitmer Historical Association Journal
32 (2) (Fall/Winter 2012), p. 54.
33
sounding out the Russians
: Faulring,
American Prophet’s Record,
p. 290.
34
expeditions are “attended with much expense”
: Quinn,
Mormon Hierarchy
, p. 132.
3. Z
ION
, I
LLINOIS
37
“The citizens responded to the call”
: Wandle Mace, “Autobiography (1809–1846),” typescript, Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, Utah, p. 13.
37
neither medical training nor legal education
: Susan Easton Black, “Isaac Galland: Both Sides of the River,”
Nauvoo Journal
(Fall 1996).
38
“No man of understanding”
: Maurine Carr Ward, “John Needham’s Nauvoo Letter: 1843,”
Nauvoo Journal
(Spring 1996).
38
“the honored instrument”
: Black, “Isaac Galland,” p. 5.
39
“signifies a beautiful situation”
: B. H. Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
2nd ed., rev., vol. 4 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), p. 268.
39
“literally a wilderness”
: Ibid., vol. 3, p. 375.
39
it was pestilential
: Robert Bruce Flanders,
Nauvoo: Kingdom on the Mississippi
(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1965), p. 54.
40
“soon expect to see flocking”
: Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church,
vol. 4, p. 213.
40
“a sufficient quantity of ‘honey comb’”
: Lyndon W. Cook, “Isaac Galland—Mormon Benefactor,”
BYU Studies
19 (3) (Spring 1979).
41
“wealthy immigrant from the slave States”
: Thomas Ford,
A History of Illinois, from Its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847
(Chicago: S. C. Griggs, 1845), p. 280.
41
“unambitious of wealth”
: Ibid.
41
“long, lank, lean, lazy”
: Ibid., p. 281.
42
“the abominable doctrine”
: Allan Nevins, ed.,
The Diary of Philip Hone, 1828–1851,
2 vols. (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1927), p. 155.
42
“increasing disregard of law”
: D. Michael Quinn, ed.,
The New Mormon History
(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1992), p. 99.
43
“We would rather be shot”
: Ford,
A History of Illinois,
p. 249.
44
it did issue honorary degrees
: Susan Easton Black, “The University of Nauvoo, 1841–45,”
Religious Educator
10 (3) (2009).
44
its distinctive court system
: Flanders,
Nauvoo: Kingdom on the Mississippi,
p. 98.
45
“growing like a mushroom”
: John Hallwas and Roger Launius,
Cultures in Conflict: A Documentary History of the Mormon War in Illinois
(Logan: Utah State University Press, 1995), p. 15.
47
“We are a curiosity”
: John G. Turner,
Brigham Young, Pioneer Prophet
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012), p. 301.
47
built his two-story redbrick store
: Roger Launius and Mark McKiernan, “Joseph Smith Jr.’s Red Brick Store,”
Western Illinois Monograph Series,
no. 5, Herald Publishing House, 2005, p. 17.
48
secret rituals administered upstairs
: Ibid., p. 31.
50
“Mother found installed in the keeping-room”
: Joseph Smith III,
Joseph Smith III and the Restoration
(Independence, MO: Herald Publishing House, 1952), p. 74.
50
Lifting the trick stairs
: Ibid., p. 25.
51
The mummies, “frightfully disfigured”
: Henry Caswall,
The City of the Mormons, or, Three Days at Nauvoo in 1842
(London: Rivington, 1842), p. 28.
51
“up a short, narrow stairway”
: Charlotte Haven, “A Girl’s Letters from Nauvoo,”
Overland Monthly
16 (December 1890).
52
“trim looking old lady”
: Eudocia Baldwin Marsh, “Mormons in Hancock County: A Reminiscence,” ed. Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis,
Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
64 (1) (Spring 1971), p. 38.
52
“But serpents don’t have legs”
: Haven, “A Girl’s Letters.”
53
Bostonians Charles Francis Adams and Josiah Quincy
: Josiah Quincy, “Joseph Smith at Nauvoo,” in
Figures of the Past
(Boston: Roberts Bros., 1896).
53
“too much power to be safely trusted”
: Ibid.
4. E
VERYBODY
H
ATES THE
M
ORMONS
56
“sound of a rushing mighty wind”
: B. H. Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
2nd ed., rev., vol. 2 (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1978), p. 428.
57
“The several companies presented”
: Wandle Mace, “Autobiography (1809–1846),” typescript, Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, Utah; Norton Jacobs, “Autobiography and Diary,” typescript, Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, Utah.
57
“Smith had always shown great favor”
: Eudocia Baldwin Marsh, “Mormons in Hancock County: A Reminiscence,” ed. Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis,
Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
64 (1) (Spring 1971).
57
“I am a son”
: B. H. Roberts,
The Rise and Fall of Nauvoo
(Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1900), p. 107.
58
a mammoth success
: Roberts, ed.,
History of the Church,
vol. 4, p. 326ff.; also see Marsh, “Mormons in Hancock County”; Linda King Newell and Valeen Tippetts Avery,
Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith
(Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994), p. 93; Glen Leonard,
Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, a People of Promise
(Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 2002), p. 234; and Richard E. Bennett, Susan Easton Black, and Donald Q. Cannon,
The Nauvoo Legion in Illinois: A History of the Mormon Militia, 1841–1845
(Norman, OK: Arthur Clark, 2010).
60
“I lived at Spunky Point”
: William Roscoe Thayer,
The Life and Letters of John Hay
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1915), p. 6.
60
The novice newspaper owner Sharp
: John Hallwas, “Thomas Gregg: Early Illinois Journalist and Author,”
Western Illinois Monograph Series
, no. 2, Western Illinois University, Macomb, 1983, p. 44; Daniel Walker Howe,
What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 598.
61
“the mean hypocritical human”
: Jacobs, “Autobiography and Diary.”

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