All the Single Ladies: Unmarried Women and the Rise of an Independent Nation (51 page)

16
. Foster,
Till Death or Distance Do Us Part
, 37. Foster's book also included the reference to Harriet Ann Jacobs'
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
, 1861.

17
. Hanger, Kimberly S., “The Fortunes of Women in America: Spanish New Orleans's Free Women of African Descent and Their Relations With Slave Women,” in
Discovering the Women in Slavery,
153–178.

18
. Hanger, Kimberly S., “Free Black Women in Colonial New Orleans,” in
The Devil's Lane
, 226.

19
. 
The Young Lady's Book: A Manual of Elegant Recreations, Exercises and Pursuits
. London: Vizetelly, Branston and Co, 1829, 28.

20
. Welter, Barbara, “The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820–1860,”
American Quarterly,
Volume 18, Issue 2, Part 1, Summer 1966.

21
. Collins,
America's Women
, 92.

22
. Chambers-Schiller,
Liberty, A Better Husband
, 41.

23
. Burnap, George Washington,
The Sphere And Duties of Woman: A Course of Lectures
, Baltimore: John Murphy, 1848, 121–122. Via Chambers-Schiller,
Liberty, a Better Husband.

24
. Chambers-Schiller,
Liberty, A Better Husband,
54.

25
. Ibid
.,
10.

26
. Goldstein, Dana, “The Chicago Strike and the History of American Teachers,”
Dana Goldstein,
September 12, 2012,
http://www.danagoldstein.net/dana_goldstein/2012/09/the-chicago-strike-and-the-history-of-american-teachers-unions.html
.

27
. Goldstein, “The Woman Upstairs and the Pedagogy of Love,”
http://www.danagoldstein.net/dana_goldstein/2013/06/the-woman-upstairs-and-the-pedagogy-of-love.html
.

28
. Betsey “A Letter About Old Maids,”
The Lowell Offering
, October 1840, 4–5.

29
. Olson, Lynne,
Freedom's Daughters: The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement 1830–1970
, New York: Scribner, 2001. Via excerpt,
The New York Times
,
http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/o/olson-daughters.html
.

30
. Israel,
Bachelor Girl,
33;
Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619–1895
, Paul Finkelman, ed. 332.

31
. Governor's Address on “the emigration of young women to the West,” March 29, 1865,
http://archive.org/stream/reportma00mass/reportma00mass_djvu.txt
. Via Collins,
America's Women
.

32
. Vapnek, Lara,
Breadwinners,
19–20.

33
. Chambers-Schiller,
Liberty. A Better History
, 7–8.

34
. “The Stakeholder: A quarterly publication of the Cherokee Strip Regional Heritage Center,” Winter, 2008.

35
. Chambers-Schiller,
Liberty, A Better Husband,
2–3.

36
. “Transcript of the Morrill Act,” 1862,
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=33&page=transcript
; Linda Eisenmann,
Historical Dictionary of Women's Education in the United States
, 275. Via Chambers-Schiller, 191.

37
. Peischl, Bridget Smith,“The History of Mississippi University for Women,”
Mississippi History Now
, March, 2012,
http://mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us/articles/379/the-history-of-mississippi-university-for-women
.

38
. Chambers-Schiller,
Liberty, A Better Husband,
176.

39
. Ibid.

40
. “Myra Bradwell v. State of Illinois,” 1873.

41
. Gould, Stephen Jay,
Mismeasure of Man
, 135–137. Also via Chambers-Schiller.

42
. Gould, Stephen Jay,
Mismeasure of Man
, 135–137.

43
. Chambers-Schiller,
Liberty a Better Husband,
192.

44
. Ibid.

45
. Ibid., 196.

46
. Cott,
Bonds of Womanhood
, 7.

47
. Peiss, Kathy,
Cheap Amusements
, 34.

48
. Goldstein, Dana, “The Chicago Strike and the History of American Teachers' Unions,”
Dana Goldstein
, September, 12, 2012,
http://www.danagoldstein.net/dana_goldstein/2012/09/the-chicago-strike-and-the-history-of-american-teachers-unions.html
.

49
. Giddings, Paula,
When and Where I Enter
.

50
. Peiss,
Cheap Amusements
, 57–58.

51
. Ibid.

52
. Coontz,
A Strange Stirring
, 41.

53
. Coontz,
Marriage: A History
, 200.

54
. “Before the Mother's Conference,”
A Compilation of the Messages and Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt,
576.

55
. Lovett, Laura,
Conceiving the Future
, 91–92.

56
. I first found reference to this in Coontz,
Marriage a History
, 201, though some discrepancy about Sumner's date of death led me to Bruce Curtis, “Wlliam Graham Sumner on the Family, Women and Sex” in
Victorians Abed
, 101.

57
. Hamlin, Kimberly A., “Bathing Suits and Backlash: The First Miss America Pageants, 1921–1927,” in
There She is, Miss America
, 28.

58
. Coontz,
A Strange Stirring
, 45.

59
. May, Elaine Tyler,
Homeward Bound
, 95.

60
. Ibid, 101.

61
. Heidel, Don, “Coeds: Is It Too Late? Manless Juniors Said Old Maids,”
The Florida Flambeau
, February 22, 1957. Via Gail Collins,
When Everything Changed.
https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4vsyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4hAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=2112%2C606968

62
. Collins,
When Everything Changed
, 38.

63
. Coontz, Stephanie, “Marriage: Saying I Don't,”
Los Angeles Times
, January 19, 2012.
http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/19/opinion/la-oe-coontz-marriage-20120119
.

64
. Friedan, Betty,
The Feminine Mystique
.

65
. Episode One,
Makers: Women Who Make America
, PBS, February 26, 2013.

66
. Davis, Kingsley,
Contemporary Marriage
, The Russell Sage Foundation, 1985.

67
. Elliott, Diana B., Kristy Krivickas, Matthew W. Brault, Rose M. Kreider, “Historical MArriage Trends from 1890–2010: A Focus on Race Difference,” SEHD Working Paper Number 2012-12, 12–13.
https://www.census.gov/hhes/socdemo/marriage/data/acs/ElliottetalPAA2012paper.pdf
.

68
. Margo, Robert A. “Explaining Black-White Wage Convergence, 1940–1950,”
Industrial and Labor Relations Review
, Vol. 48, No. 3, April 1995, 470–481,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2524775?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
.

69
. Katznelson, Ira,
When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth Century America
, New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2005. Via Ta-Nehesi Coates, “A Religion of Colorblind Policy,”
TheAtlantic.com
,
May 30, 2013.
http://m.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/05/a-religion-of-colorblind-policy/276379/
.

70
. Sugrue, Tom,
Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North
, Via Ta Nehesi here:
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/02/the-effects-of-housing-segregation-on-black-wealth/272775/

71
. Sugrue,
Sweet Land of Liberty
, 200–201.

Chapter Three: The Sex of the Cities

1
. Wile, Rob, “This Southern City has the Most Single Person Households in America,”
Business Insider
, April 26, 2012.

2
. Klinenberg, Eric,
Going Solo
.

3
. Venugopal, Arun, “New York Leads in Never Married Women,”
wnyc.org
, September 22, 2011,
http://www.wnyc.org/story/160010-blog-new-york-never-married-women/
.

4
. Nanos, Janelle, “Single By Choice,”
Boston Magazine
, January 2012. “The median age . . .” from same story, supported by Population Reference Bureau charts drawing on five-year American Community Survey, 2009–2013,
http://www.prb.org/DataFinder/Topic/Rankings.aspx?ind=133
.

5
. Bennett and Froide,
Singlewomen of the European Pa
st, 2–3.

6
. Kowaleski, Maryanne, in Bennett and Froide's
Singlewomen of the European Past,
53–54.

7
. Stansell, Christine,
City of Women
, 13–14.

8
. Israel,
Bachelor Girl
, 58.

9
. McDougald, Elise Johnson, “The Double Task: The Struggle of Negro Women for Sex and Race Emancipation,”
Survey
53, March 1, 1925, 689–691. Via Giddings,
When and Where I Enter
.

10
. Peiss,
Cheap Amusements
, 13.

11
. Nellie Bly interview with Susan B. Anthony,
The World
, February 2, 1896,
http://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/621269?acl=851761768&imagelist=1#full-images&rc=blog
.

12
. Peiss,
Cheap Amusements
, 58.

13
. Israel,
Bachelor Girl
, 106.

14
. Kaufman, Gena, “Where the Single Men Are,”
Glamour
, June 5, 2013,
http://www.glamour.com/sex-love-life/blogs/smitten/2013/06/where-the-single-men-are-um-ev
.

15
. “The Woman with the Flying Hair,”
Swarthmore College Bulletin,
February 1991,
http://bulletin.swarthmore.edu/bulletin-issue-archive/index.html%3Fp=1052.html
.

16
. Israel,
Bachelor Girl
, 112.

17
. Stansell,
City of Women
, 255.

18
. Stansell,
City of Women
, 84.

19
. Meyerowitz, Joanne,
Women Adrift
, 80.

20
. Chambers-Schiller,
Liberty, a Better Husband
, 72.

21
. Ibid., 74.

22
. “between a third and a half . . .” Moran, “How Second Wave Feminism Forgot Single Women.” “Each member . . .” from Katherine Snyder, “A Paradise of Bachelors: Remodeling Domesticity and Masculinity in the Turn of the Century New York Bachelor Apartment,”
23 Prospects: An Annual of American Cultural Studies
, 1998, quoted in Moran.

23
. Gray, Christopher, “For Career Women, A Hassle-Free Haven,”
New York Times
, June 28, 2012.

24
. Israel,
Bachelor Girl,
4.

25
. Dvorak, Petula, “A City Divided and Increasingly Unaffordable,”
The Washington Post,
April 3, 2014.

26
. Wax, Emily, “Home Squeezed Home: Living in a 200 Square Foot Space,”
The Washington Post
, November 27, 2012.

27
. Thompson, Lynn, “Critics of Micro-Apartments Calling for a Moratorium,”
Seattle Times
, April 23, 2013.

28
. North, Anna, “What the Single Ladies Have Wanted for More Than A Century,”
The New York Times
, April 24, 2015,
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/opinion/what-the-single-ladies-have-wanted-for-more-than-a-century.html
.

29
. Stansell,
City of Women,
72.

30
. Meyerowitz,
Women Adrift
, 115.

31
. Stansell,
City of Women
, 221.

32
. Lovett, Laura,
Conceiving the Future
, 88.

33
. “A Deadly Encounter”
Dateline, NBC
, January 20, 2007,
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16713078/ns/dateline_nbc/t/deadly-encounter/#.UbtL8yMkchw
.

34
. Nussbaum, Emily, “Difficult Women,”
The New Yorker
, July 29, 2013.

Chapter Four: Dangerous as Lucifer Matches

1
. Angier, Natalie, “The Changing American Family,”
New York Times
, November 26, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/26/health/families.html
.

2
. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll,
Disorderly Conduct
. 61–62.

3
. Bennett and Froide,
Singlewomen in the European Past,
85.

4
. Smith-Rosenberg,
Disorderly Conduct,
60.

5
. Ibid., 71–75.

6
. Norton, Mary Beth,
Founding Mothers and Fathers
, 354.

7
. Lincoln, Abraham, “Dear Speed, Springfield, Ills., Feby 13. 1842,”
Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln,
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/lincoln/lincoln1/1:292?rgn=div1;view=fulltext
, via Jennie Rothenberg Gritz, “But Were they Gay? The Mystery of Same-Sex Love in the 19th Century,”
The Atlantic.com
, September 7, 2012.

8
. Gritz, “But Were They Gay?”
The Atlantic.com
.

9
. Willard, Frances,
The Autobiography of an American Woman
, 642.