Year 501 (59 page)

13
.
Envío
, Jesuit Central American University (UCA), Managua, Jan.-Feb. 1992;
NI
, 176f., 67-8;
PI
. 22f.

14
. For a review of terrorist operations, see Blum,
CIA
. Nixon, Garthoff,
Détente
, 76n. See McClintock,
Instruments
, for recent discussion, including Gilpatric interview. Also Garthoff,
Reflections
, and Smith,
Closest of Enemies
, for accounts from well-informed US government sources.

15
. Paterson,
op.cit
.; Martin Tolchin,
NYT
, Jan. 15, 1992. Garthoff,
Reflections
, 17.

16
. On scholarly discipline, see, among others,
NI
, App. V.2 (on Walter Laqueur), and several articles in George,
Western
.
NYT
editorial, Sept 8, 1991. French,
NYT
, April 19; Constable,
BG
, July 15, Oct. 26; Krauss,
NYT Book Review
, Aug. 30, 1992. See ch. 3.5.

17
. See
DD
, 280-1.

18
. For a particularly shameful example, see
NI
, App.1.1. On the general pattern, see
PEHR
,
MC
, and a voluminous further literature. On media coverage of Cuba, see Platt,
Tropical Gulag
.

19
.
Envío, op. cit
.; Stavrianos,
Global Rift
, 747;
Latinamerica press
, April 5, 1990; Morris Morley and Chris McGillion,
Sydney Morning Herald
, Jan. 7, 1992. Ellacuría, “Utopia and Prophecy in Latin America” (1989), in Hassett & Lacey,
Towards a Society
.

20
. Smith,
Closest of Enemies
; Gillian Gunn,
Current History
, Feb. 1992. Thomas Friedman,
NYT
, Sept. 12, 1991. Michael Kranish,
BG
, April 19;
NYT
, April 19, 1992. Nicaraguan coffee,
NI
, 98.

21
. Detlev Vagts, “Reconsidering the Invasion of Panama,”
Reconstruction
, vol. 1.2, 1990. See
DD
, ch. 5.

22
.
WP weekly
, Jan. 20-26, 1992;
Post
, see
DD
, 103, 141;
NI
, for more extensive review of
Times-Post
dogmas. Benjamin,
US and Origins
, 59;
PI
, 72.

Notes to Chapter 7

1
. Evans,
Dependent Development
, 51ff.
WP
, May 6, 1929;
New York Herald Tribune
, Dec. 23, 1926;
CSM
, Dec. 22, 1928;
NY Post
, Dec. 21, 1928;
WSJ
, Sept. 10, 1924; cited by Smith,
Unequal Giants
, 186f., 135f., 82. Krenn,
US Policy
, 122. Green,
Containment
, 8f.

2
. Smith,
Unequal Giants
, 3ff., 35f., 134.

3
. Evans,
Dependent Development
, 70; Rabe,
Road to OPEC
, 110.

4
. Haines,
Americanization
; Leffler,
Preponderance
, 258, 339. Ch. 2.2.

5
. Cited by Kolko,
Politics
, 302f. Green,
Containment
, ch. 11. The situation is more complex; see ch. 2.2.

6
. See
TTT
, ch. 2.3. Bismarck quoted by Nancy Mitchell, ms., SAIS, Johns Hopkins, 1991, forthcoming in
Prologue
. Stimson, p. 42, above.

7
. Green,
Containment
, 74f., 315n.; ch. 2.1, above.

8
. NSC 5432, August 1954;
Memorandum for the Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
(McGeorge Bundy), “study of U.S. Policy Toward Latin American Military Forces,” Secretary of Defense, 11 June 1965. See
PI
, lecture I, for further details. Green,
Containment
, 180f., 259f., 103, 147f., 174f., 188. On Latin American military, see also Leffler,
Preponderance
, 59f. On the aftermath in Bolivia, see,
DD
, 395f.; and ch. 3.4, above.

9
. See ch. 5, n. 5. Agee,
Inside
, 361-2.

10
. Parker,
Brazil
; Leacock,
Requiem
; Skidmore,
Politics
; Hewlett,
Cruel Dilemmas
. See also Black,
US Penetration
.

11
. Felix, “Financial Blowups” (ch. 4, n. 5); Evans,
op. cit
.; Herman,
Real Terror Network
, 97.

12
. Skidmore; Evans, 4. Mario de Carvalho Garnero, chairman of Brasilinvest Informations and Telecommunications,
O Estado de São Paulo
, Aug. 8 (
LANU
, Sept. 1990);
Latin America Commentary
, October, 1990. CIIR,
Brazil
. On the broader context, see
DD
, ch.7.

13
. Americas Watch,
Struggle for Land
; Brazilian journalist José Pedro Martins,
Latinamerica press
, June 4, 1992; George Monbiot,
Index on Censorship
(London), May 1992; Isabel Vincent,
G&M
, Dec. 17, 1991. Generally, see Hecht and Cockburn,
Fate
.

14
. Dimerstein,
Brazil
; Blixen, “‘War' waged on Latin American street kids,”
Latinamerica
press
, November 7, 1991; Gabriel Canihuante,
Ibid
., May 14, 1992; Moffett,
CSM
, July 21, 1992; Maité Pinero,
Le Monde diplomatique
, August 1992.

15
. Rabe,
Road
. Krenn,
US Policy
, on earlier period

16
.
Excelsior
(Mexico City), Nov. 11, Nov. 21, Dec. 4, 1991; Jan. 30, 1992 (
LANU
).

17
. Brooke,
NYT
, Jan. 21; AP,
NYT
, Feb. 5; Douglas Farah,
BG
, Feb. 10; Stan Yarbro,
CSM
, Feb. 12, 1992.

18
. AP,
NYT
, Feb. 5; Joseph Mann,
FT
, Feb. 5; Brooke,
NYT
, Feb. 9; Yarbro,
CSM
, Feb. 11, 12, 1992.

19
. Seabrook,
Race & Class
(London), 34.1, 1992.

20
.
TTT
;
MC
; Jonas,
Battle
.

21
.
Excelsior
; July 21, 1992; Shelley Emling,
WP
, Aug. 1, 1992.

22
. Jonas,
Battle
. David Santos,
Excelsior
, June 20, 1992 (
CAN
);
CAR
, Jan. 17, 1992; Florence Gardner, “Guatemala's Deadly Harvest,”
Multinational Monitor
, Jan./Feb. 1991;
Report from Guatemala
, Spring 1992. On US government perspectives on Guatemalan democracy, see
DD
, chs. 3.6, 8.3, 12.5.

23
. Edward Gargan,
NYT
, July 9, 1992.
Frontline
(India), Dec. 6, 1991.

24
. Vickery, “Cambodia After the ‘Peace',” ms. (Penang, Malaysia, Dec.1991). See his
Cambodia
for comparative discussion of Cambodia and Thailand. For a small sample of the plague of child slavery, see
TNCW
, 202, 283.

25
. Blixen,
op. cit
.;
Excelsior
(Mexico), Nov. 5, 1991 (
CAN
).

26
.
Unomásuno
, Oct. 13, 1990; David Santos,
Excelsior
, June 20, 1992; Pinero,
op. cit
. “Honduras: A Growing Market in Children?,”
CAR
, June 5, 1992. See also UN Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1992/34, 23 June 1992.
DD
, ch.7.

27
. “Argentina uncovers patients killed for organs,”
BMJ
, summer 1992; AFP, March 8, 1992, cited in
LANU
, April-May 1992; Pinero,
op. cit
. For additional reports from Latin America, see
DD
, 220-1. Colombia, also Reuters,
BG
, March 3, 5, 1992; Ruth Conniff,
Progressive
, May 1992, On the US role, see
DD
, ch. 4.5.

28
. Scanlan,
MH
, May 28, 1991;
CT
, 243.

29
. US-Costa Rica, ch. 3, n. 20. My “Letter from Lexington,”
Lies of our Times
, Jan. 1992.

30
. Tim Johnson,
MH
, June 14, 1992; Inter Press Service (IPS), July 31, 1992; Gibb,
SFC
, June 17, 1992 (
CAN
).

31
.
Science
, Dec. 20, 1991;
Economist
, Jan. 4, 1992.

32
.
CAR
, June 14; Aug. 16, 1991; Aug. 21, 1992. IPS, San José, Feb 23,
Excelsior
, July 31, 1992 (
CAN
).

33
.
CAR
, Oct. 18, 1991; Reuters,
SFC,
Aug. 1, 1992 (
CAN
).

34
.
Envío
(Managua), April 1991. Madhura Swaminathan and V.K. Ramachandran,
Frontline
(India), Dec. 6, 1991. See Herman,
Real Terror Network
, ch. 3, on the pre-1980 version.

35
. Ch. 4.2. See
DD
, ch. 1, n. 19; ch. 7.7. Also Bello and Rosenfeld,
Dragons
.

36
. Hockstader,
WP
, June 20, 1990; Crossette,
NYT
, Jan. 18; Tim Golden,
NYT
, Jan 17; Friedman,
NYT
, Jan. 12, 1992. Aid-torture, p.120. Zwick,
Twain
, 111.

37
. Skidmore, Evans, Felix,
op. cit
. Hagopian, review of Skidmore,
Politics
,
Fletcher Forum
, Summer 1989. Chile, Herman,
Real Terror Network
, 189f. (citing Harberger interview, Norman Gall,
Forbes
, March 31, 1980).

38
. James Petras and Steve Vieux, “Myths and Realities: Latin America's Free Markets,”
Monthly Review
, May 1992; update, ms, SUNY Binghamton. CIIR,
Brazil
. Brooke,
NYT
, Aug. 28, 1992.

39
. James Markham,
NYT Week In Review
, Sept. 25, 1988; Wrong,
Dissent
, Spring 1989. Roberts, “Democracy and World Order,
Fletcher Forum
, Summer 1991.

40
. Simpson,
Spectator
, March 21, 1992; Petras and Pozzi,
Against the Current
, March/April 1992; Felix, “Reflections on Privatizing and Rolling Back the Latin American State,” ms., Washington University, July 1991.