Why the West Rules--For Now (106 page)

406
“
foreign ships
”: Ch’oe Pu,
Diary
, translated in Meskill 1965, p. 135.

406
“
convert grain into cash
”: Qiu Jun,
Supplement to “Expositions on the Great Learning”
(1487) 25.19b, cited from Brook 1998, p. 103.

407
“
to the various
”: Proclamation by Yongle, 1405, quoted by Ma Huan,
Overall Survey of the Ocean’s Shores
(1416), Foreword, translated in Mills 1970, p. 69.

408
“
corpse-head barbarian
”: Ma Huan,
Overall Survey
, pp. 5–6, translated in Mills 1970, p. 84. Fei Xin, who accompanied the fleet from 1409 onward, told a similar story (translated in Mills and Ptak 1996, pp. 35–36).

408
“
If one’s eyes
”: Fei Xin,
Overall Survey of the Star Raft
(1436), cited from Duyvendak 1949, p. 31. On the Ka’ba, see Mills and Ptak 1996, p. 105.

414
“
with all the men
”: Gomes Eannes de Azurara,
The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea
II.99, cited from Crosby 2004, p. 76.

417
“
The voyages
”: Gu Qiyuan,
Idle Talk with Guests
(1617), p. 1, cited from Levathes 1994, pp. 179–80.

417
“
At the present
”: Erasmus, Letter 522, translated in Nichols 1904, p. 506.

417
“
first-born
”: Burckhardt 1958 [1860], p. 143.

422
“
If we try
”: Zhu Xi,
Reflections on Things at Hand
(1176), cited from Hucker 1975, p. 371.

423
“
Since the time
”: Xuexuan, translated in Hucker 1975, p. 373.

424
“
women’s footbinding began
”: Zhang Bangji,
Mozhuang manlu
8.5a–b, cited from Ko 2007, p. 111.

424
“
Little girls
”: Che Ruoshui,
Jiaoqi ji
1.221, cited from Ebrey 1993, p. 40.

431
,
432
“
Whoever is lord
” and “
China is an important
”: Tomé Pires,
Suma Oriental
, translated in Cortesão 1944, pp. lxxvii, 123.

9. THE WEST CATCHES UP

434
“
A rising tide
”: John F. Kennedy, speech at Heber Springs, Arkansas, October 3, 1963 (available at
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=9455
).

437
“
Population has grown
”: Xie Zhaozhe,
Wuza zu
4.34a (1608), cited from Ho 1959, p. 262.

437
“
like mice
”: Languedoc expression, cited from Le Roy Ladurie 1972, p. 53.

437
“
Every family
”: Zhang Tao,
Gazetteer of She County
(1609) 6.10b–12a, cited from Brook 1998, pp. 1, 4.

437
“
In the past
”: Heinrich Müller (1560), cited in Braudel 1981–84, vol. 1, pp. 194–95.

439
“
the stricken
”: Wang Wenlu, “Letter to Master Wei of Chengsong” (1545), cited from Brook 1998, p. 106.

439
“
Rare styles
”:
Gazetteer of Shaowu Prefecture
(1543) 2.43b, cited from Brook 1998, p. 144.

439
“
are mad for
”:
Gazetteer of Chongwusuo Citadel
(1542), pp. 39–40, cited from Brook 1998, p. 149.

440
“
poor scholars
”: Zhang Tao,
Gazetteer of She County
(1609) 3.9a, cited from Brook 1998, p. 258.

440
“
benefit the people
”: Toyotomi Hideyoshi, “Sword Collection Edict” (1588) 2, translated in Tsunoda
et al.
1964, p. 320.

440
“
crafty and cunning
”: Jesuit Annual Letter (1588), cited from Perrin 1979, p. 27.

444
“
They destroyed everything
”: Sergeant Iskender (1511), cited from Finkel 2005, p. 99.

446
“
It makes me shudder
”: Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Letter 3 (1560), cited from Ross and McLaughlin 1953, p. 255.

446
“
was neither holy
”: Voltaire,
Essay on General History and on the Manners and Spirit of the Nations
(1756), chapter 70.

447
“
God has been
”: Mercurino Gattinara, letter to Charles V, July 12, 1519, cited from Brandi 1939, p. 112.

447
“
A single monk
”: Charles V, Edict of Worms, April 19, 1521, cited from Brandi 1939, p. 132.

449
“
The only obstacle
”: Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Letter 3 (1560), cited from Ross and McLaughlin 1953, p. 255.

450
“
There will be
”: Chang Ying, “Remarks on Real Estate” (published around 1697), cited from John Richards 2003, p. 119.

450
“
Stop the minor profit
”: Official proclamation, seventeenth century, cited from John Richards 2003, p. 120.

451
“
Behold the great design
”: Anonymous song (published 1661), cited from Wiesner-Hanks 2006, p. 409.

451
“
London was enveloped
”: John Evelyn,
A Character o
f
England
(1659), cited from John Richards 2003, p. 235.

452
“
The poorest he
”: Colonel Thomas Rainsborough, spoken at Putney Church, October 29, 1647, cited from Woodhouse 1938 (available at
http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=2183
).

452
“
None comes
”: Richard Rumbold, spoken at his own execution, London, 1685, cited from Hill 1984, p. 37.

452
,
453
“
that mighty Leveller
” and “
Overturn
”: Abiezer Coppe,
A Fiery Flying Roll
I (1649), pp. 1–5, cited from Hill 1984, p. 43.

453
“
sharpened their hoes
”: cited from Elvin 1973, p. 246.

453
“
I, feeble and
”: Emperor Chongzhen, suicide note (1644), cited from Paludan 1998, p. 187.

454
“
were subjected
”: Liu Shangyou,
A Short Record to Settle My Thoughts
(1644 or 1645), translated in Struve 1993, p. 15.

454
“
the robbers and murderers
” and “for so long”: Peter Thiele,
Account of the Town of Beelitz in the Thirty Years’ War
, cited from C. Clark 2006, pp. 32–34.

455
“
Sometimes everyone
”: cited from Spence 1990, pp. 23–24.

460
“
Every day
”: Felipe Guaman Poma,
New Chronicle and Good Government
(1614), cited from Kamen 2003, p. 117.

460
“
Every peso
”: Antonio de la Calancha (1638), cited from Hemming 2004, p. 356.

461
“
Potosí lives
”: cited from Kamen 2003, p. 286.

461
“
The king of China
”: ibid., p. 292.

462
“
Along the whole coast
”: cited from Lane 1998, p. 18.

464
“
If death came
”: The saying has been attributed to several sources, but Cardinal Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle said something very similar in a letter dated May 11, 1573, cited in Kamen 1999, p. 252.

464
“
naked people
”: letter to Juan de Oñate (1605), cited from Kamen 2003, p. 253.

464
“
Even if you are poor
”: settler’s letter home to Spain, cited from Kamen 2003, p. 131.

468
“
one-handed clocks
”: Thomas Hardy,
Tess of the D’Urbervilles
(1891), Phase the First, chapter 3.

468
“
The honour and reverence
” etc.: Francis Bacon,
Novum Organum
(1620), preface.

469
“
it is not less natural
”: René Descartes,
Principles of Philosophy
(1644), chapter 203.

470
“
Nature, and Nature’s laws
”: Alexander Pope, “Epitaph: intended for Sir Isaac Newton” (1730). A wit would later add two more lines:

It did not last; the Devil howling “Ho!

Let Einstein be!” restored the status quo.

(J. C. Squire, “In Continuation of Pope on Newton” [1926])

470
“
Philosophy is written
”: Galileo Galilei (1605), translated in Drake 1957, pp. 237–38.

471
“
Man hath by nature
,” “The great and chief,” and “by nature all”: John Locke,
Second Treatise of Civil Government
(1690), chapter 7, section 87; chapter 9, section 124; and chapter 8, section 95.

472
“
Dare to know!
”: Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” (1784) (available at
http://www.english.upenn.edu/~mgamer/Etexts/kant.html
).