What Matters in Jane Austen?: Twenty Crucial Puzzles Solved (43 page)

 
2
       See the essays in
The Talk in Jane Austen
, ed. Bruce Stovel and Lynn Weinlos Gregg (Edmonton, Alberta: The University of Alberta Press, 2002), especially those by Juliet McMaster and Jeffrey Herrle.

 
3
       Marilyn Butler,
Jane Austen and the War of Ideas
(1975; reprinted Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 273.

Chapter 10: What Games Do Characters Play?

 
1
       
The Works of Jane Austen
, ed. R. W. Chapman, Vol. VI,
Minor Works
, p. 325.

 
2
       Charles Dickens,
Nicholas Nickleby
, ed. Michael Slater (1978; reprinted London: Penguin, 1986), Ch. 1, p. 63.

 
3
       See David Selwyn (ed.),
Collected Poems and Verse of the Austen Family
(Manchester: Carcanet, 1996), pp. 19, 35–9 and 51–5 for Austen examples.

Chapter 11: Is There Any Sex in Jane Austen?

 
1
       Martin Amis,
The Pregnant Widow
(London: Jonathan Cape, 2010), p. 138.

 
2
       Ibid., p. 155.

 
3
       See ‘Biographical Notice of the Author’, in
The Works of Jane Austen
, ed. R. W. Chapman, Vol. V, p. 7.

 
4
       Samuel Richardson,
Pamela
, ed. Thomas Keymer and Alice Wakely (Oxford: World’s Classics, 2001), Letter VIII, p. 20.

 
5
       Lawrence Stone,
Broken Lives: Separation and Divorce in England 1660–1857
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 26.

 
6
       See
Sense and Sensibility
, ed. Edward Copeland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), p. 78.

 
7
       See Vickery,
Behind Closed Doors
, Ch. 2.

 
8
       See Deirdre Le Faye’s biographical index to
Jane Austen’s Letters
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 566.

 
9
       Its suggestiveness is definitively analysed by Brian Southam, ‘“
Rears
” and “
Vices
” in
Mansfield Park
’,
Essays in Criticism
,
Vol. LII, No. 1 (January 2002), pp. 23
–
3.

Chapter 12: What Do Characters Say When the Heroine Is Not There?

 
1
       Tony Tanner,
Jane Austen
, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986), p. 157.

 
2
       See for instance Norman Page,
Speech in the English Novel
(London: Longman, 1973), p. 106: ‘Jane Austen’s gentlemen are shown speaking only in the presence of ladies’.

Chapter 13: How Much Money Is Enough?

 
1
       See Maggie Lane,
A Charming Place: Bath in the Life and Novels of Jane Austen
. (1988; reprinted Bath: Millstream Books, 2003), p. 36.

 
2
       David Nokes,
Jane Austen: A Life
(London: Fourth Estate, 1997), pp. 274–7.

 
3
       See Austen-Leigh and Austen-Leigh,
A Family Record
, pp. 130–2.

 
4
       W. H. Auden, ‘Letter to Lord Byron’, in
The English Auden
, ed. Edward Mendelson (London: Faber & Faber, 1978), p. 171.

 
5
       Edward Copeland,
Women Writing about Money: Women’s Fiction in England, 1790–1820
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 24.

 
6
       Bridget Hill,
Women Alone: Spinsters in England 1660–1850
(London: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 63.

 
7
       Copeland,
Women Writing
, p. 28.

 
8
       Edward Copeland, ‘Money’, in Janet Todd (ed.),
Jane Austen in Context
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 321.

 
9
       See G. E. Mingay,
English Landed Society in the Eighteenth Century
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963), pp. 30–6.

 
10
       Jones,
Jane Austen and Marriage
, p. 87.

 
11
       Brian Southam,
Jane Austen and the Navy
(London: Hambledon, 2000), pp. 121–30.

 
12
       Jones,
Jane Austen and Marriage
, p. 135.

 
13
       Austen-Leigh and Austen Leigh,
A Family Record
, pp. 96 and 112. There is some dispute about the date of the purchase: see Robin Vick, ‘Mr. Austen’s Carriage’, in
Jane Austen Society Collected Reports
,
1999
–
2000
, pp. 226–8.

 
14
       Copeland,
Women Writing
, p. 31.

Chapter 14: Why Do Her Plots Rely on Blunders?

 
1
       Tanner,
Jane Austen
, p. 143.

Chapter 15: What Do Characters Read?

 
1
       Lord Byron,
The Giaour. A Fragment of a Turkish Tale
(1813), in
Lord Byron. The Complete Poetical Works
, ed. Jerome McGann, Vol. III (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981), p. 80, ll. 1269–80.

 
2
       A letter to Cassandra from Lyme Regis (14 September 1804,
Letters
, ed. Le Faye) includes a joke from
Tristram Shandy
, while her earliest surviving letter (9 January 1796,
Letters
, ed. Le Faye) involves a comparison between Tom Lefroy and
Tom Jones
. A later letter to her sister mentions the birth of her brother Frank’s second son and hopes that ‘if he ever comes to be hanged’ she and Cassandra will be too old to care. This odd sentiment is surely an allusion to Fielding’s description of Tom Jones as ‘certainly born to be hanged’,
Tom Jones
, Vol. III, Ch. ii, p. 103.

 
3
       Austen-Leigh and Austen-Leigh,
A Family Record
, p. 83.

 
4
       James Edward Austen-Leigh,
Memoir of Jane Austen
, p. 158.

Chapter 16: Are Ill People Really to Blame for Their Illnesses?

 
1
       Tanner,
Jane Austen
, p. 99.

 
2
       
The Works of Jane Austen
, ed. Chapman, Vol. VI,
Minor Works
, p. 321.

 
3
       See Sales,
Jane Austen and Representations of Regency England
, pp. 147–50.

 
4
       John Wiltshire,
Jane Austen and the Body: The Picture of Health
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 180.

 
5
       Austen-Leigh and Austen-Leigh,
A Family Record
, p. 216.

Chapter 17: What Makes Characters Blush?

 
1
       Christopher Ricks,
Keats and Embarrassment
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974), p. 51.

 
2
       Mary Ann O’Farrell, ‘Austen’s Blush’, in
NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction
, Vol. 27, No. 2 (1994), p. 127.

 
3
       Fanny’s blushes are analysed in Wiltshire,
Jane Austen and the Body
, pp. 76–89.

 
4
       Katie Halsey, ‘The Blush of Modesty or the Blush of Shame? Reading Jane Austen’s Blushes’, in
Forum for Modern Language Studies
(2006), Vol. 42, No. 3, p. 237.

Chapter 18: What Are the Right and Wrong Ways to Propose Marriage?

 
1
       See Amanda Vickery,
The Gentleman’s Daughter: Women’s Lives in Georgian England
(London: Yale University Press, 1998), pp. 46–7.

 
2
       An anthology of such manuals is Eve Tavor Bannet (ed.),
British and American Letter Manuals, 1680–1810
, 4 vols (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2008).

 
3
       David Fordyce,
The New and Complete British Letter-Writer
(London, 1800), pp. 75 and 82–3.

 
4
       Jones,
Jane Austen and Marriage
, p. 26, and Austen-Leigh and Austen-Leigh,
A Family Record
, p. 239.

 
5
       Lawrence Stone,
The Road to Divorce: A History of the Making and Breaking of Marriage in England, 1530–1987
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 88, 91.

 
6
       Austen-Leigh and Austen-Leigh,
A Family Record
, pp. 121–2.

Chapter 19: When Does Jane Austen Speak Directly to the Reader?

 
1
       Virginia Woolf, ‘Jane Austen’, in Woolf,
Essays
, IV, p. 148.

 
2
       D. A. Miller,
Jane Austen, or The Secret of Style
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003), p. 1.

 
3
       
The Rambler
, no. 97, in
The Yale Edition of the Works of Samuel Johnson
, Vol. IV, ed. W. J. Bate and Albrecht B. Strauss (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968), p. 156.

 
4
       Maria Edgeworth,
Patronage
(London, 1814), Vol. II, p. 101.

 
5
       Mary Brunton,
Self-Control
, 2nd edition (Edinburgh, 1811), Vol. I, p. 84.

Chapter 20: How Experimental a Novelist Is Jane Austen?

 
1
       Chapman, Vol. VI, pp. 428–30.

 
2
       Samuel Richardson, preface to the third edition (1751) of
Clarissa
(1932; reprinted London: Dent, 1978), 4 vols, Vol. I, p. xiv.

 
3
       Fanny Burney,
Cecilia
, ed. Margaret Anne Doody and Peter Sabor (Oxford: World’s Classics, 1988), p. 6.

 
4
       Miller,
Jane Austen
, p. 27.

 
5
       Dorrit Cohn,
Transparent Minds. Narrative Modes for Presenting Consciousness in Fiction
(1983; reprinted Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978), p. 5.

 
6
       Ibid., p. 108.

 
7
       David Lodge,
Consciousness and the Novel
(London: Secker & Warburg, 2002), pp. 46–9.

 
8
        Jane Spencer, ‘Narrative Technique: Austen and Her Contemporaries’, in
A Companion to Jane Austen
, ed. Claudia L. Johnson and Clara Tuite (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009).

 
9
       Brunton,
Self-Control
, p. 25.

 
10
       Gillian Beer, introduction to Jane Austen,
Persuasion
(London: Penguin, 1998), p. xxi.

 
11
       Marilyn Butler,
Jane Austen and the War of Ideas
, p. 272.

 
12
        Norman Page,
Speech in the English Novel
(London: Longman, 1973), p. 29.

 
13
       Mary Lascelles,
Jane Austen and Her Art
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939), pp. 177–8.

 
14
       P. D. James, ‘
Emma
considered as a detective story’, in
Jane Austen Society Collected Reports 1996–2000
, pp. 189–200.