Vodka Politics (92 page)

70
. Stephen Colbert, “The Red Lending Menace,”
The Colbert Report
, Oct. 7, 2008,
http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/187342/october-07-2008/the-red-lending-menace
(accessed March 2, 2012).

71
. Nadezhda Krupskaya,
Reminiscences of Lenin
, trans. Bernard Isaacs (New York: International Publishers, 1970), 40.

72
. Vladimir I. Lenin, “The Development of Capitalism in Russia,” in
Collected Works, vol. 3: The Development of Capitalism in Russia
(Moscow Progress Publishers, 1960), 290–91. The original appeared in Vladimir I. Lenin,
Razvitie kapitalizma v Rossii
(St. Petersburg: Tipolitografiya A. Leiferta, 1899). For Lenin on alcohol and domestic violence see Christopher Read,
Lenin: A Revolutionary Life
(New York: Routledge, 2005), 38.

73
. “Liquor Monopoly,” in
Bol’shaia sovetsakaia entsiklopediia
, ed. A. M. Prokhorov (New York: MacMillan, Inc., 1974), 248; citing Vladimir I. Lenin, “Duma i utverzhdenie byudzheta,” in
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, tom 15: Fevral’-iyun’ 1907
(Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury, 1961); the original appeared in
Nashe ekho
, no. 2, March 27, 1907.

74
. Vladimir I. Lenin, “To the Rural Poor,” in
Collected Works, vol 6: January 1902–August 1903
(Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1961), 400–401; originally published in Vladimir I. Lenin,
K derevenskoi bednote: Ob’yasnenie dlya krest’yan, chego khotyat sotsial’demokraty
(Geneva: Tipografiya ligi russkoi revolyutsionnoi sotsial’demokratii, 1903).

75
. Vladimir I. Lenin, “The Serf-Owners at Work,” in
Collected Works, vol. 5: May 1901–February 1902
(London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1961), 95; originally published in
Iskra
, no. 8, Sept. 10, 1901.

76
. Vladimir I. Lenin, “Casual Notes,” in
Collected Works, vol. 4: 1898–April 1901
(Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1972), 407–8; originally published in
Zarya
no. 1, April 1901.

77
.
Pravda
, March 15, 1913; Vladimir I. Lenin, “Spare Cash,” in
Collected Works, vol. 18: April 1912–March 1913
(Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury, 1963), 601–2.

78
. Vladimir I. Lenin, “Lessons of the Moscow Uprising,” in
Collected Works, vol. 11: June 1906–January 1907
(Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1962), 174; the original appeared in
Proletary
No. 2, Aug. 29, 1906.

79
. Vladimir I. Lenin, “Beat—But Not to Death!” in
Collected Works, vol. 4: 1898-April 1901
(Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1960); the original, “Bei, no ne do smerti,” was published in the inaugural edition of
Zarya
, April 1901. See also Lih,
Lenin Rediscovered
, 206.

80
. Ivan V. Strel’chuk,
Alkogolizm i bor’ba s nim
(Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya, 1954), 13. See also Clara Zetkin, “My Recollections of Lenin,” in
On the Emancipation of Women
, ed. Vladimir I. Lenin (London: Pluto, 2003), 102–3.

Chapter 11

1
. Nikolai G. Chernyshevskii, “Otkupnaya sistema (Sovremennik, 1858),” in
Izbrannye ekonomichesie proizvedeniya
, tom 1 (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury, 1948), 670–72. On statecraft and European war making see Francis Fukuyama,
The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution
(New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2011), 389; Charles Tilly,
Coercion, Capital and European States, AD 990–1990
(Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1990), 74. See also Aleksandr E. Levintov, “Voina i vodka v Rossii,” in:
Alkogol’ v Rossii: Materialy tret’ei mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii
(Ivanovo, 26–27 oktyabrya 2012), ed. Mikhail V. Teplyanskii (Ivanovo: Filial RGGU v g. Ivanovo, 2012), 12–19.

2
. Nathan Haskell Dole,
Young Folks’ History of Russia
(New York: Saalfield Publishing Co., 1903), 256.

3
. Sergei M. Soloviev,
History of Russia, vol. 9: The Age of Vasily III
(Gulf Breeze, Fla.: Academic International, 1976), 55; Dole,
Young Folks’ History of Russia
, 250. The establishment of the sixteenth-century Naloi (meaning “fill up”) garrison, where the emperor’s soldiers were fed beer and mead, likewise bears mention. See Freiherr Sigmund von Herberstein,
Description of Moscow and Muscovy: 1557
(New York: Barnes & Noble, 1969), 20.

4
. This observation draws from Bruno S. Frey and Heinz Buhofer, “Prisoners and Property Rights,”
Journal of Law and Economics
31, no. 1 (1988).

5
. Margaret Levi,
Consent, Dissent, and Patriotism
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 42.

6
. Georg Brandes,
Impressions of Russia
, trans. Samuel C. Eastman (Boston: C. J. Peters & Son, 1889), 210–11. Little wonder that mercenary desertion was high. William C. Fuller Jr., “The Imperial Army,” in
The Cambridge History of Russia, vol. 2: Imperial Russia, 1689–1917
, ed. Dominic Lieven (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 532–33.

7
. Isser Woloch, “Napoleonic Conscription: State Power and Civil Society,”
Past & Present
111 (1986).

8
. Fuller, “Imperial Army,” 537.

9
. Ibid., 533; George Snow, “Alcoholism in the Russian Military: The Public Sphere and the Temperance Discourse, 1883–1917,”
Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas
45, no. 3 (1997): 419–21.

10
. Richard A. Gabriel,
The New Red Legions: An Attitudinal Portrait of the Soviet Soldier
(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1980), 153.

11
. Hannibal Evans Lloyd,
Alexander I: Emperor of Russia; or, a Sketch of His Life, and of the Most Important Events of His Reign
(London: Treuttel & Würtz, 1826), 91, 95.

12
. P. S. White and H. R. Pleasants,
The War of Four Thousand Years
(Philadelphia: Griffith & Simon, 1846), 183.

13
. Aleksandr Nikishin and Petr Nechitailov,
Vodka i Napoleon
(Moscow: Dom russkoi vodki, 2008); Owen Connelly,
Blundering to Glory: Napoleon’s Military Campaigns
(Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), 172.

14
. Consider Tolstoy’s description in
War and Peace
, trans. Nathan Haskell Dole, 4 vols. (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., 1889), 3:382.

15
. Adam Zamoyski,
Moscow 1812: Napoleon’s Fatal March
(New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 300; Mary Platt Parmele,
A Short History of Russia
(Flint, Mich: Bay View Reading Circle, 1899), 182; Alfred Rambaud,
Russia
, 2 vols. (New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1902), 2:186; Walter K. Kelly,
History of Russia, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time
, 2 vols. (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1854), 1:185–86.

16
. August Fournier,
Napoleon I: A Biography
, 2 vols. (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1911), 207–8. Petrovsky Palace is today located on Leningradskoe shosse, near Dinamo Stadium and the Khodynka Fields.

17
. Napoleon Bonaparte,
Memoirs of the History of France during the Reign of Napoleon: Historical Miscellanies
, vol. 2 (London: Henry Colburn & Co., 1823), 101.

18
. Tolstoy,
War and Peace
, 383. Tolstoy was suspicious of arson conspiracies since an unintentional ignition was also likely given the circumstances.

19
. Fournier,
Napoleon I: A Biography
, 207–8. See also Zamoyski,
Moscow 1812
, 302. See also Letter of the Abbe Surrugues, curate of the parish of St. Louis in Moscow, quoted in Gaspard(?) Gourgaud,
Napoleon and the Grand Army in Russia; or a Critical Examination of Count Philip De Segur’s Work
(Philadelphia: Anthony Finley, 1825), 169.

20
. Quoted in Zamoyski,
Moscow 1812
, 302. Similarly, see C. Joyneville,
Life and Times of Alexander I: Emperor of All the Russias
, 3 vols. (London: Tinsley Brothers), 2:199.

21
. Eugène Labaume,
Relation complète de la campagne de Russie, en 1812
, 5th ed. (Paris: Rey et Gravier, 1816), 226–27; Louis Florimond Fantin des Odoards,
Journal du général Fantin des Odoards
(Paris: E. Plon, Nourrit et Cie, 1895), 337.

22
. Labaume,
Relation complète de la campagne de Russie, en 1812
, 240–42; Gourgaud,
Napoleon and the Grand Army in Russia
, 273, 313–14, 29; “The French Retreat from Moscow,”
The Living Age
95, no. 7 (1867): 475.

23
. Gourgaud,
Napoleon and the Grand Army in Russia
, 160–61.

24
. Fournier,
Napoleon I: A Biography
, 209.

25
. Stephan Talty,
The Illustrious Dead: The Terrifying Story of How Typhus Killed Napoleon’s Greatest Army
(New York: Three Rivers, 2009), 67–69.

26
. Joyneville,
Life and Times of Alexander I
, 233–34.

27
. J. M. Buckley,
The Midnight Sun, the Tsar and the Nihilist
(Boston: D. Lothrop & Co., 1886), 215–16.

28
. Leo Tolstoy,
A Confession and Other Religious Writings
(New York: Penguin Classics, 1987), 23; cited in Patricia Herlihy,
The Alcoholic Empire: Vodka and Politics in Late Imperial Russia
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 61.

29
. A. N. Wilson,
Tolstoy
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1988), 117.

30
. Robert A. Hodasevich,
A Voice from within the Walls of Sebastopol: A Narrative of the Campaign in the Crimea, and of the Events of the Siege
(London: John Murray, 1856), 57. On Menshikov and his ladies see Orlando Figes,
The Crimean War: A History
(New York: Macmillan, 2011), 206.

31
. Hodasevich,
Voice from within the Walls of Sebastopol
, 57; Robert B. Edgerton,
Death or Glory: The Legacy of the Crimean War
(Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1999), 60. The
charka
was officially 1/100 of a
vedro
(bucket) or about 3.3 ounces. See also Dominic Lieven,
Russia against Napoleon: The True Story of the Campaigns of War and Peace
(New York: Penguin, 2010), note 11.

32
. Hodasevich,
Voice from within the Walls of Sebastopol
, 57.

33
. Ibid., 86, 90.

34
. Edgerton,
Death or Glory
, 84–85; Figes,
Crimean War
, 210, 16.

35
. Figes,
Crimean War
, 218.

36
. Edgerton,
Death or Glory
, 86.

37
. William Simpson, “Within Sebastopol during the Siege,”
The English Illustrated Magazine
, vol. 17 (April to September 1897): 302; Hodasevich,
Voice from within the Walls of Sebastopol
, 2. For vodka and corruption as an epidemic problem in the tsarist military see John Shelton Curtiss,
The Russian Army under Nicholas I: 1825–1855
(Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1965), 194, 212–27.

38
. Hodasevich,
Voice from within the Walls of Sebastopol
, 98–99; Figes,
Crimean War
, 234.

39
. Hodasevich,
Voice from within the Walls of Sebastopol
, 99.

40
. Ibid., 239, also 122, 184; Figes,
Crimean War
, 255; Edgerton,
Death or Glory
, 236; Leo Tolstoy,
Sebastopol
, trans. Frank D. Millet (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1887), 58–66, 191–97. On foreign perceptions see Lady Frances Verney, “Rural Life in Russia,” in
Russia as Seen and Described by Famous Writers
, ed. Esther Singleton (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1906), 247.

41
. Robert H. G. Thomas,
The Russian Army of the Crimean War, 1854–56
(Oxford: Osprey, 1991), 3.

42
. Henry Tyrrell,
The History of the War with Russia: Giving Full Details of the Operations of the Allied Armies, 2
vols. (London: London Printing & Publishing Co., 1855), 2:197–98. On the drinking of the French and British see also Figes,
Crimean War
, 181, 396; Edgerton,
Death or Glory
, 227–28, 236–277.

43
. Tyrrell,
History of the War with Russia
, 198.

44
. Herlihy,
Alcoholic Empire
, 57. See also William Steveni,
The Russian Army from Within
(New York: Hodder & Stoughton, 1914), 44–45.