Vindication (76 page)

claimed that she knew Shelley…
: Silsbee Papers, box 8, folder 4.

CC's parting from Allegra
: Sent to join Byron in Venice on 28 Apr. 1818.

‘Carissima Pisa'
: MWS in retrospect from Genoa to CC (19 Dec. 1822),
MWSL
, i, 299.

PBS and MM
: Silsbee Papers, box 7, folder 3.

Matilda: The narrator's preoccupation with her death may go back to Richardson's
Clarissa
which MWS reread between June and Aug. 1819, immediately after her son died. The title of the first draft of
Matilda
was ‘Fields of Fancy', close to MW's unfinished ‘Cave of Fancy'. It's not easy to be sure what is the link.

‘often did quiescence…'
: MWS, ‘Life of Godwin', 97.

‘Minerva'
: Byron spoke of MM as ‘Claire's Minerva' to MWS.

‘I made…'
: CC to her Viennese sister-in-law, Antonia Clairmont (16 Aug. 1856),
ClCor
, 578.

‘Let me…': MWSJ
(25 Feb. 1822), 399–400.

CC to Byron about Allegra
: Silsbee Papers, box 8, folder 4.

Allegra's death
: Said to be either from typhus or ‘after a convulsive catarrhal attack'.

‘That he should hate…'
: MM to MWS, who was assisting Byron in Genoa (1 Feb. [1823]). Abinger: Dep. c. 517.

CC's silence
: There is one exception. MM mentions to MWS having received a letter from CC in St Petersburg (10 Sept. 1823), saying that she was reasonably satisfied with her situation. Ibid. Not in
ClCor
.

MWS's ‘treasure'…
:
MWSJ
(2 Oct. 1822), 429. Charlotte Brontë, then four years old, was another strong character who said the same, seventeen years later: The human heart has hidden treasures In secret kept, in silence sealed–The unseen space where a governess had to exist led to the explosiveness of her submerged words. When the Brontë sisters revealed their thoughts by night as they marched around the dining-room table in their Yorkshire parsonage, Charlotte's friend Ellen Nussey thought they blew out the candles for economy. But darkness was a liberating cover; invisibility, a form of freedom.

‘out of his hand'
:
CCJ
(8 Jan. 1827), 407.

‘My soul'
: Ibid., n.d., 429.

MW mocked a showcase education
:
RW
, ch. 12 (on national education).

‘They educate a child…'
: To MWS from Moscow (29 Apr. 1825),
ClCor
, i, 215.

‘You write…'
: 29 Nov. 1842.
MWSL
, iii.

domestic trials in Russia
:
ClCor
, i, 222.

‘From Morning till Night'
: CC to MWS (24 Mar. 1832), ibid., i, 286.

‘misery'
: CC in Moscow to Jane Williams (27 Oct. 1825), ibid., i, 230.

‘The world is closed…'
: 30 Jan. 1827,
CCJ
, 411.

‘the most contemptible of all lives…'
: 25 Feb. 1822,
MWSJ
, 399.

‘I believe…'
: Ibid., 554.

‘Composing;
: (17 Nov. [1822?]). Abinger: Dep. c. 517.

‘I can, I do.,'
: MWS to Jane Williams (7 Mar. 1823),
MWSL
, i, 320.

sensitivity and public effectiveness
: See J. S. Mill,
The Subjection of Women
, ch. 3.

‘mind appeared more noble'
: Revelation of her past for her Tighe daughters.

Advice
completes MW's work
: St Clair, ‘Godwin as Children's Bookseller', 179.

‘Teach a being…'
;
cultivate
courage:
Advice
, 330, 342.

Vaccà's comments on
Advice: MM to MWS (12 Sept. [1823]). Abinger: Dep. c. 517.

correspondence with Dr Parkman
: MM initiated the correspondence in 1816. Parkman had proposed an asylum in 1814, and went on to write a pamphlet (1817) on the management of the insane. MM owned a copy, and also his book
On Hysteria
. He was murdered in 1849, aged about fifty-eight, by Professor John W. Webster, MD, in the New Medical College, Boston. For further details see Oliver Wendell Holmes,
The Benefactors of the Medical School of Harvard University
(Boston: 1850). Some of Parkman's remedies suggest a self-absorbed crackpot conjoined with the man of sense.

MM's revelation of her past to her daughters
: Pf.
SC
, viii, 909–11.

stray scrap
: Pf., Cini Papers, folder 26.

The Sisters of Nansfield: Published in London. Copy in Bodleian.

Casa Lupi
: On what was then the Via San Lorenzo. Now numbers 15–19 on the corner of the present-day Via Andrea Vaccà Berlinghieri. It does seem appropriate that she should have lived in a street later named after her medical mentor.

Accademia di Lunatici
: Alternatively, the name may have come from the Lunar Society of Birmingham (see Uglow,
Lunar Men
), which included Darwin and Priestley, both published by Johnson and known to MW.

centre of town
: 1069 Via della Faggiola.

‘Nothing can equal…'
: 26 Oct. 1832,
ClCor
, i, 290–1.

‘singular family': CC to MWS (16 Sept, 1834), ibid., i, 313.

‘amor della patria': Cini's
Avvertimento
to posthumous Italian edition of MM's
Advice
. Pf.

George Eliot's tribute: Middlemarch
, concluding paragraph.

CC was buried
: At the cemetery of S. Maria in the commune of Bagno a Ripoli, about three and a half miles from Florence. (Photos in Pf.) She had told one William Graham of her wish to be buried with Allegra. Graham, letter (5 Jan. 1894), Cini Papers, Pf.

‘the subterraneous community of women'
: Shelley's entry in
MWSJ
, 32. The evening before, Thursday 6 Oct. 1814, CC had read some of MW's letters.

‘The party of free women'
:
ClCor
, i, 314–15.

18
GENERATIONS

‘not the experience of one life only…'
: T. S. Eliot,
The Dry Salvages
: II.

Thompson's aim
;
reprinted passages
from RW: Taylor,
Wollstonecraft
, 248.

Mary Wollstonecraft [sister-in-law]
:
Boston Monthly Magazine
, i (Aug. 1825), 126–35. Publ. under the pseudonym of D'Anville.

Distinguished Women: ‘Female Biography: Containing Notices of Distinguished Women', in
Dictionary of Christian Biography
(Philadelphia: Leary & Getz, 1834) by Samuel Knapp. (Discovered in the Bodleian Library by Professor Kathryn Sutherland.) Knapp, the proprietor of the
Boston Monthly Magazine
, had clearly met this Mary Wollstonecraft. He tells us that she craved sun, and after Charles died in 1817, transplanted herself (taking her stepdaughter, Charles's daughter from an earlier marriage) from New Orleans to Cuba. She had no children. Charles had joined the American army where he remained and had been promoted.

‘surprised'
: De Tocqueville,
Democracy in America
, trans. George Lawrence, ed. J. P. Mayer (New York: Doubleday/Anchor, 1969), 590–1 (‘Education of Girls in the US').

Elizabeth Barrett Browning and MW
: See Margaret Reynolds's introduction to her critical edition of
Aurora Leigh
(Ohio University Press, 1992), 12–19, and notes 60–65. With thanks to Mark Bostridge for passing this on, as well as the fact that Barrett Browning refuted a suggestion that Florence Nightingale's ministry in the Crimea could be accounted a step gained for her sex.

George Eliot and MW
:
Daniel Deronda
(1876), ch. 17. See George Eliot to Rabbi Deutsch:
Letters
, v, 160–1. With thanks again to Mark Bostridge whose
Vera Brittain: A Life
, 366, reveals that she, too, was bent on fictionalising elements of MW's life. Her novel (which never got beyond the planning stage) was to be set against the backdrop of the French Revolution, and entitled: ‘Behold This Dawn'. More recent novelists Frances Sherwood and Michèle Roberts have also fictionalised elements of MW's life.

George Eliot links MW and Margaret Fuller
: ‘Margaret Fuller and Mary Wollstonecraft',
Westminster Review
(13 Oct. 1855), repr. in George Eliot
, Selected Essays, Poems and Other Writings
(Penguin Classics, 1990), 332–8. Fuller's work was published in 1843.

‘what is now called the nature of women…': The Subjection of Women
, ch. 1. Mill was the first to back women's suffrage in the British Parliament, by presenting a petition signed by nearly 1500 women and speaking in favour of amending Disraeli's Reform Bill of 1867 to read ‘person' rather than ‘man'.

six generations
:
The Voyage Out
, ch. 16.

‘
The great problem is the true nature of woman'; ‘almost unclassified
':
A Room of One's Own
(1929; originated in talks for women students at Newnham College and for the ODTAA Society at Girton College, Cambridge University, in 1928). A decade later Virginia Woolf again circled the mystery of ‘our still unknown psychology' in
Three Guineas
.

‘I am a rising character'
:
Villette
(1853), ii, ch. 27.

‘“Nature” is what we know…'
: ‘“Nature” is what we see', in
Poems of Emily Dickinson
, ed. Thomas H. Johnson (London: Faber, 1975), no. 668; Variorum Edition, ed. R.W. Franklin (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap, 1998), no. 721.

‘Let us…trust our whole nature'
: Lyndall Gordon,
A Private Life of Henry James: Two Women
(London: Vintage; New York: Norton, 1999), 107.

‘
grande nature
'
: Henry James, Preface to
The Portrait of a Lady
(1881).

‘Who was she…'
: Ibid., ch. 12.

MW against violence
; ‘
the real savages
': One of her last pieces of writing was about ‘rapacious whites' savaging and exploiting the indigenous inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope. Review of the English translation of M. Levaillant,
New Travels into the interior Parts of Africa, by Way of the Cape of Good Hope
,
AR
(May 1797);
MWCW
, vii, 479–84. Cited by Taylor,
Wollstonecraft
, 240–1.

heard the lash
:
RM
. See ch. 7 above.

group portrait
: The artist was Benjamin Robert Haydon, a protégé and critic of Fuseli. See ch. 8 above.

Benedict on MW
: Publ. after her death in
Writings of Ruth Benedict: An Anthropologist at Work
, ed. Margaret Mead (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1959).

Virginia Woolf on MW
: ‘Mary Wollstonecraft', first publ. in 1929; repr.
The Common Reader
, 2nd series (1932).

‘a great season of liberation'
: 31 Dec. 1932,
The Diary of Virginia Woolf
, ed. Anne Olivier Bell, iv (London: Hogarth; New York: Harcourt, 1982), 134.

the edifice of power
: Joan Smith,
Moralities
, is a timely political analysis of mass opinion outside the old power structures, questioning their morality in the twenty-first century.

‘Outsider Society'
: Woolf,
Three Guineas
, ch. 3.

‘enfranchised till death'
: 28 Apr. 1938,
The Diary of Virginia Woolf
, v, 137.

Women who imitate men lack ambition
: The most politically effective use of this phrase that I've heard came in a speech by Hilary Reynolds of the SABC at a breakfast in Cape Town (2 Aug. 2002) to mark fifty years of a women's programme. Following her, Opposition MP Patricia de Lille was cheered by an almost all-women audience for her speech on government neglect of widespread sexual abuse as well as of the AIDS epidemic ravaging the country. A foremost candidate for blame was a woman health minister, a sycophant of President Mbeki's protracted reluctance to supply life-saving drugs to his dying people. Instead, Mbeki, following Mandela's sales of weapons to brutal regimes, chose to spend billions on weaponry.

PRIMARY SOURCES

*Documents asterisked are on the Internet site accompanying this book.

Abinger Collection. The main collection of Wollstonecraft, Godwin, and Shelley papers. Bodleian Library, Oxford. Includes Mount Cashell letters to the Shelleys

——
Shelley's Guitar
. Bodleian Library's bicentenary exhibition of manuscripts, first editions and relics of Percy Bysshe Shelley by B. C. Barker-Benfield (Oxford, 1992)

Adams, Abigail, ‘Diary of her Return Voyage to America' (Apr.–May 1788), in
Diary and

Autobiography of John Adams
, ed. L. H. Butterfield, iii (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1961)

——and John Adams, MS correspondence (with reference to Mary Wollstonecraft)

Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston: microfilm reel 377

Adams Family Correspondence
, i, vi (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap, 1993)

Adams, John. Copious marginalia (debating political issues with Mary Wollstonecraft) in his copy of
FR.
Rare Books, Boston Public Library: 221.15

American Manuscripts 1763–1815: An Index to Documents Described in Auction Records and Dealers'

Catalogues
(Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1977)

Arden, John,
A Short Account of a Course of Natural and Experimental Philosophy
(Beverley, Yorkshire, 1772)

Astell, Mary,
Reflections Upon Marriage
, 3rd edn (1706)

*Backman, Elias. Letter to the Swedish Regent (15 Mar. 1794), Stockholm Riksarkivet: Biographica B1 (Baar-Baesecke), 6454: 23

Backman, Pierre (brother of Elias Backman), ‘Fransmännen på Traneberg'

Västgötabygden
, iii/4 (1958), 272–5

Barlow Papers. Houghton Library, Harvard (b MS Am 1448). The main repository of the Barlow Papers, including Joel Barlow's unpublished letters and charming light verse to his wife, amongst the best things he wrote. Includes the letters of Ruth Baldwin Barlow; letterbooks; account book; memoranda book; diary of 1788. Substantial collection also in the Beinecke Library (Za Barlow 14; and MS Vault Pequot Box M 886–937, M938–94 and M995–1039). Other Barlow papers are scattered in various American archives such as the Massachusetts Historical Society
and the Manuscript Division of the New York Public Library

——Will-letter (1796) mentioning MW to RB from Algiers during an outbreak of the plague: Houghton and
American Literature
, ix (1938), 442–9, and x (1938), 224–7. Draft version in Beinecke: Za Barlow 13

Benedict, Ruth,
An Anthropologist at Work
, ed. Margaret Mead (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1959). Includes her homage to Wollstonecraft, a short biography unpublished in Benedict's lifetime.

Blair, Hugh,
Lectures in Rhetoric
, 3 vols (London, 1785)

Blood, Frances (Fanny). Two letters to Elizabeth and Everina Wollstonecraft (1784–5) Abinger: Dep. b. 210 (9)

Boswell, James,
Life of Johnson
, eds Claude Rawson, Marshall Waingrow, Bruce Redford Gordon Turnbull (Edinburgh and Yale University Presses, 1994–8)

Brightwell, Cecilia Lucy,
Memorials of the Life of Amelia Opie
(London: Longman, 1854)

Browning, Robert, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft and Fuseli', in
Jocoseria
(London: Smith Elder, 1883), 45–9

Burgh, James,
The Dignity of Human Nature
(London, 1754)

——
Thoughts on Education
(London 1747)

Burke, Edmund,
Reflections on the Revolution in France
, ed. Conor Cruise O'Brien (Penguin Books, 1968)

Burney, Fanny,
The Early Journals and Letters 1768–1791
, eds Lars E. Troide and Stewart J. Cooke, 3 vols (Oxford: Clarendon, 1988–94)

Butler, Marilyn, ed.,
Burke, Paine, Godwin, and the Revolution Controversy
(Cambridge University Press, 1984). Excerpts from pro- and counter-revolutionary writings, including Wollstonecraft's, together with a perceptive introduction

Byron, George Gordon, Lord,
Letters and Journals
, 12 vols, ed. Leslie Marchand (London: John Murray, 1973–82)

Cary, John,
Cary's Survey of the Country Fifteen Miles Round London
(London, 1786)

Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, Lord,
Letters of Lord Chesterfield to his Son
(1774)

Christie, Thomas,
Letters on the French Revolution
(London: Joseph Johnson, 1791) Clarke, John,
Practical Essays on the Management…of Labour; and on the Inflammatory and Febrile Diseases of Lying-in Women
(1793)

Clemit et al,
Lives of the Great Romantics
, III:
Godwin, Wollstonecraft & Mary Shelley by their Contemporaries
, i:
Godwin
, ed. Pamela Clemit; ii:
Wollstonecraft
, ed. Harriet Jump; iii:
Mary Shelley
, ed. Betty T. Bennett (London: Pickering & Chatto, 1999)

Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de, Tom Paine, et al Committee for Public Instruction, (Paris: 1793) Published record of day-to-day discussions. Mezzanine floor, reading room, Archives Nationales, Paris

——essay, ‘On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Citizenship' (preceding Olympe de Gouges and MW), trans. Alice Drysdale Vickery (London: G. Standring, 1893)

Cotton, Mrs. Letter of condolence to WG (18 Mar. 1800) recalling MW. Abinger: Dep.b. 214/3: ‘I never met her fellow

Cowper, William,
The Correspondence of William Cowper
, ed. Thomas Wright (London, 1904)

Crabb Robinson, Henry,
On Books and their Writers
, ed. Edith J. Morley (London: Dent 1938)

Cutler, Revd Manasseh,
Journals and Correspondence
, 2 vols, ed. W. P. Cutler and J. P. Life (Cincinnati, 1888)

Darwin, Erasmus,
The Botanic Garden
(London: Joseph Johnson, 1791)

——
Plan for the Conduct of Female Education in Boarding Schools
(London: Joseph Johnson, 1797)

Dazzi, Cristina, ‘Humor Inglese: Un Singolare Manuscritto di Mary Shelley sull' universita di Pisa',
Bollettino Storico Pisano
Pisa Historical Gazette, lxviii (1999), 113–20

Debates on the Reports of the Committee of Secrecy
(London, 1794)

de Montolière, Baroness,
Caroline de Lichtfield
, novel, trans. 1786 by Thomas Holcroft, a radical writer who was part of the Godwin–Johnson circle. Bodleian Library

Dowden, Edward,
Life of Shelley
(London, 1886)

Ellefsen, Peder, as accused in judicial inquiries. Kristiansand State Archive, Norway: the crew's testimony; Kristiansand Town Magistrate's report to the Danish Chamber of Commerce, Dec 1794; police interrogation in Arendal, 28 and 30 Apr. 1795; letter from Imlay to Backman from Le Havre; Imlay's instructions to Ellefsen on 13 Aug 1794

——Deed of sale for Imlay's ship the
Margrethe
after Ellefsen's arrival in Norway, Aust-Agders Archives, Arendal, Norway
Eton College Register 1753–1790
, ed. R. H. Austen-Leigh (Eton: Spottiswoode, 1921)

Exeter College, Oxford, archival records (King family). Index of entrants 1770–1877 in alphabetical order according to year: C.II.20; Entrance Book 1768–1812: C.II.21; Bursary Archives: King, Caroline N.I.3; King, Henry: N.I.3; King, John: L.V.8; King, Richard: M.IV.7

Farington, Joseph,
The Farington Diary
[13 July 1793–24 Aug. 1802]
,
ed. James Greig (London: Hutchinson, 1923)

Fawcett, Millicent Garrett, Introduction to centenary edition of
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
(London, 1891). In this influential essay, the suffragist leader rehabilitates and co-opts MW as founding figure for the Cause, ‘the great movement of which her book was in England almost the first conscious expression'–a movement Mrs Fawcett sees as significant historically as the Reformation and Democracy. She commends MW's ‘fearlessness', her dismissal of the slave/queen models of womanhood, her refusal of double standards, and her ‘sound heart and clear head'

Fordyce, James,
Sermons to Young Women
(1765)

Foss, Frithjof,
Arendals byes historie
(1893; repr. 1990s). Copy in Aust-Agders Archives Arendal, Norway

[Fuseli] Füssli, Johann Heinrich,
Sämtliche Gedichte
, eds Martin Bircher and Karl S. Guthke (Zurich, 1973)

Fuseli, Henry, (Johann Heinrich Füssli), Letters to William Roscoe. Liverpool Record Office (3 refer to MW)

——
The Mind of Henry Fuseli: Selections from his Writings
, ed. and intro. Eudo C. Mason (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1951). With thanks to artist and art historian Timothy Hyman for his copy

Gardiner, Jane, Letter to William Godwin (15 Jan. 1799). Abinger: Dep. b. 214/3

——
English Grammar
(1799; repr. 1808, 1809)

——
Exercises Adapted to the English Grammar
(London: Longman, 1801). No copies in the
British or Bodleian Libraries. I tried in Yorkshire libraries–no luck. (Durant, too, searched in vain for letters MW is said to have written to a friend, Miss Massey, printed by Jane Gardiner in a volume called ‘English Exercises'. Eleven Letters from Beverley, Bath and London.)

——Sometime after 1803 (date of watermark) Gardiner or emanuensis copied out fifteen of MW's letters into a notebook, the only primary documents to survive from the first twenty-one years of her life. Pforzheimer Collection, New York Public Library

——
An Excursion from London to Dover
(1806), 2 vols. Bodleian Library

Gardiner, Everilda Anne,
Recollections of a Beloved Mother
. The subject is MW's Yorkshire schoolfriend, Jane Arden (London, 1842)

Genlis, Stephanie de,
Memoirs
(London, 1825)

Gisborne, Maria, and Edward E. Williams,
Shelley's Friends: Their Journals and Letters
, ed Frederick L. Jones (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1951)

Godwin, William. Unpublished letters. Abinger

——
Godwin and Mary: Letters
, ed. Ralph M. Wardle (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1966; London: Constable, 1967)

——Autobiographical fragments in
Collected Novels and Memoirs of William Godwin
, i, intro. Marilyn Butler and Mark Philp (London: Pickering & Chatto, 1991)

——
Political and Philosophical Writings of William Godwin
, ed. Mark Philp (London: Pickering & Chatto, 1993)

——
Cursory Strictures
. Pamphlet (1794). Copy in Beinecke

——
Caleb Williams
(1794; Oxford University Press: Worlds Classics)

——
Bible Stories
(London: R. Phillips, 1803). A copy of the almost vanished first edition of vol. i, with the educative Preface (echoing Wollstonecraft, and which Godwin wished to have included in his collected works), is in Smith College, Northampton, Mass.: Mortimer Rare Book Room, Neilson Library: 371.342 C436e 1803 bi. Amongst the fine collection of Godwin's Juvenile Library publications, including MountCashell's below

——
Life of Lady Jane Grey
(London: M. J. Godwin, 1806). The accompanying portrait of this pale, intellectual girl, aged about fourteen, looks rather like MaryWollstonecraft Godwin, then aged nine

————-
Memoirs of the Author of ‘The Rights of Woman',
ed. and intro. Richard Holmes(Penguin Classics, 1987)

——Obituary for Joseph Johnson,
Morning Chronicle
(London, 1809)

Gregory, John,
A Father's Legacy to his Daughters
(London, 1774)

Hammond, George, British Minister to the US, warning letter to Foreign SecretaryLord Grenville (9 Jan. 1792) about rumoured activities of Imlay associate James Wilkinson in Kentucky. (These abortive preparations for a coup against Spanish colonies predate Imlay's similar plot instigated in Paris, Dec. 1792.) PRO, London: FO4/14

Hays, Mary,
The Memoirs of Emma Courtney
(1796; London: Routledge/Pandora, 1987)

——
Love Letters
, ed. A. Wedd (London, 1925)

——
Letter to Godwin (1797). Abinger

——Letters. Pforzheimer Collection, New York Public Library

——‘Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft' (unsigned obituary), in
The Annual Necrology for
1797–8
(London: Phillips, 1800), 411–60. Preceded by a brief notice in
Monthly Magazine
, iv (Sept. 1797), 232–3. Clemit et al,
Lives of the Great Romantics
, III, ii, ed. Jump, 5–8, 189–92

Hazlitt, William,
The Spirit of the Age; or Contemporary Portraits
(London: Henry Colburn, 1825; repr. New York: Dutton, 1955). See ‘William Godwin', 29–53, and ‘The Late Mr. Horne Tooke', 99–120, in 1825 edn

——‘On the Old Age of Artists', in
The Plain Speaker: Opinions on Books, Men and Things
(London: Henry Colburn, 1826). Searing paragraph on Fuseli

——‘Memoir of Henry Fuseli',
Pamphlets on British Art
, xviii (London: A. & R. Spottiswoode, c. 1926)

——(ed.)
Autobiography of Thomas Holcroft
(London, 1816)

Hewlett, John,
Sermons
(London: Joseph Johnson, 1786)

Imlay, Gilbert. Imlay Family Papers, Alexander Library, Rutgers University

——Records of the Imlay family (including those serving in the Revolution). Van Kirk Collection, Allentown Public Library, NJ

——
A Topographical Description of the Western Territory of North America
(London: Debrett, 1792; repr. 1797)

——
The Emigrants
(London: Debrett, 1793; repr. Penguin Classics, 1998). Extensive background, map and contexts in intro. by W. M. Verhoeven and Amanda Gilroy(eds)