Tom Barry (26 page)

After the meal Tom listened to O'Malley again. He had begun to dislike him. He could take it no longer and was on his feet. In On Another Man's Wound O'Malley describes Barry's contribution as being ‘assertive, aggressive, almost spitting out his words directly'. He told the meeting that the orders from GHQ bore no relation whatever to the realities of the situation in the south. There was no point he said in using ‘ornate language and meaningless military phrases' to impress hard-bitten officers who were daily fighting forces against all odds. GHQ didn't understand what was required to make split-second decisions when a group of men were in danger of being surrounded, or the quick action needed when an ambush or barracks' attack didn't go according to plan. It just wouldn't work having brigades moving around in a large body when, he said, ‘the three Cork brigades could hardly muster 300 rifles between them, were without automatic weapons, artillery or transport, had no proper signalling equipment and no proper staff arrangements.'
[25]

Barry in Guerilla Days in Ireland says, ‘Not one of us was opposed to the setting up of the unit of a division as such, but we were at a loss to understand how its establishment on paper would help the brigades at the most critical period of their existence.' They were all in an angry mood. Seán Moylan of Cork jumped up: ‘We started this war with hurleys, but, by heavens, it seems to me we will all finish it off with fountain pens.'
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Barry said, ‘My own opinion remains that in guerrilla warfare no unit larger than a brigade could ever be effective as a striking force, and it could not be directed in its activities by a higher authority from outside the brigade area.'
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Nevertheless, the First Southern Division was set up. The divisional commandant elected was the daring Liam Lynch. He had commanded the party that had attacked the first British troops in the Anglo-Irish war at Fermoy in 1919 and he had been an active IRA officer in the Cork No. 2 Brigade area.
[28]

Before the meeting closed Barry suggested that something should be done to try to stop the executions and torturing of IRA prisoners. He told of the harassment of civilians in West Cork. Funerals of men ‘killed in action or murdered were broken up by soldiers'. People were searched, held for long hours with their hands held up ‘sometimes they had to kneel or to sing God Save the King … People had been flogged with whips, belt-buckles and canes.' Of immediate concern was the ‘torture of prisoners by some of the intelligence staff of their 6th Division.' O'Malley heard these men speak with passion and concern. Major General Sir E. P. Strickland, the British GOC in the martial law area should be threatened with reprisals. It shouldn't end by being a threat, Barry said; they would carry out the reprisals. O'Hegarty supported him forcibly. This proposal met with enthusiasm and a lively discussion followed.

Four of O'Hegarty's Volunteers of Cork No. 1 Brigade and one from the Tipperary area were to be executed before a firing squad in Cork, towards the end of April. The meeting agreed on a definite action plan. Liam Lynch undertook to write to General Strickland informing him of their decision. A plan of reprisals was drawn up in case Strickland ignored the warning and each officer returned home to his own area, and prepared for a ‘shoot-up day' on 14 May throughout the divisional area. O'Malley undertook to inform the Limerick, Tipperary and Kilkenny brigades to carry out similar raids on the day.
[29]

Back in West Cork they found that when the forces raided houses they seized bicycles. If this continued the officers of Cork No. 3 felt they would be deprived of their fastest mode of transport. The brigade council issued an order that all bicycles, except those that were needed and whose owners could be depended on, should be secured from enemy hands. On the 8 May 1921, in every parish in the brigade area, at least 3,000 of the 5,000 Volunteers on the roll swept through the countryside in twos or threes and efficiently carried out the task.

The column had another set back as the Essex began a round-up. Three Volunteers were killed. Frank Hurley was captured; he was armed and told to walk towards a field. A friend hidden behind the ditch found his maltreated body on the roadside a half a mile from the barracks. Geoffrey Canty was with others and was unarmed, he was shot at as he saw a patrol approaching, the shot injured his ankle. The others got away. His body was found later. Con Murphy was also shot dead. Propaganda stated it was ‘while trying to escape'.
[30]

Meanwhile the executions of the four Cork Volunteers had taken place on 28 April. Immediately Barry set up his action plan. Between 1 February and 4 May 11 prisoners from Cork No. 1 and Cork No. 2 Brigades had been shot before a British firing squad in Cork jail. Barry says that in the Bandon area ‘none of our Volunteers were ever to be judicially executed, since the British officers in our brigade area invariably acted as judge, jury and executioner, without bothering about the formality of a trial for suspected IRA men.'
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K Company Auxiliaries in Dunmanway captured Tim O'Connell, who had taken part in the Kilmichael ambush. In the Dunmanway Workhouse they beat him unconscious, they stripped, kicked and tortured him, he lost his hearing and had nose problems for the rest of his life. There was blood everywhere. This Auxiliary Company tortured Tadhg Ó Séaghdha and Jerh Fehilly in a most inhuman way.

Ten British garrisons, scattered over the West Cork area between Innishannon and Castletownbere (about 80 miles), were to be attacked simultaneously by the IRA on Saturday 14 May at 3 p.m. Barry decided he would engage the First Essex in Bandon. The intention was to have a short, sharp shoot-up in each area, and all IRA arms were to be at the disposal of the 12 officers and the men detailed for the attacks.

A month previously an old Ford Model T car had been captured from the Essex and hidden in a field under a haystack. Barry decided it was time to bring it out. For two days prior to the action, Seán Lehane practised driving it to orders: ‘Slow! Fast! Turn! Ditch!' At the order to ditch, he would jam the brakes, and they would ‘clear' the ditch for cover. The hood of the car was removed, the windscreen stripped and the Lewis gun, captured at Crossbarry, was mounted on it.

Anna Hurley, leader of the Cumann na mBan in Bandon, and sister of Frank who had been killed the previous week by the Essex Regiment, agreed to go to Bandon to observe enemy movements. She reported, on returning, that the military were busily sand-bagging their posts in North Main Street. Obviously, The garrison had been warned, but the attack had to be executed.

The seven selected men were too many for the car, so two men were dropped off outside the town. All were armed with pistols, rifles and two Mills bombs. Barry, dressed in his IRA uniform, sat on the back-rest of the front seat with his feet at each side of Seán Lehane the driver.

Only a few hundred yards from the army barracks, but just outside the town, a sentry was sighted. Barry calmly calculated the situation. To shoot would be fatal. It was better to drive slowly past. The sentry was standing on the road-side ditch looking towards them with his rifle and bayonet at the ‘At Ease' position. ‘Take no notice,' Barry whispered.

When they were quite close the sentry jerked his rifle to the ‘On Guard' position, but possibly seeing the uniform and assuming that the IRA did not drive around openly, he brought his rifle to ‘Slope'. As they drove past he saluted smartly. Barry casually returned his salute. They drove on.

The plan of attack was not an elaborate one. They were to enter Bandon, drive down slowly through North Main Street past the barracks and the police post and fire at anybody in a British uniform. Then they would drive across the bridge along South Main Street and out on the Kilbrittain Road, where the members of the Bandon Company were waiting, ready to block any enemy pursuit.

However, as frequently happened, the plan was abruptly changed; shortly after passing the sentry they noticed a large party of troops in a field. Some of the soldiers were in full battle-order with steel helmets and others were kicking a football. Immediately Barry ordered, ‘Halt! Open Fire!' The Lewis gun and the rifles went into action. Then there was a ‘Forward! Turn!' for the driver as some shots were fired back. Continuing to fire they drove back towards the road from which they had come. The car raced past where the sentry had stood. Fortunately for him he had now vanished. They drove four miles before stopping up a byroad to throw petrol on the car and set it alight.

The silence was broken when Seán Lehane, a good singer, put his voice into action as the flames soared:

We will pay them back woe for woe,

Give them back blow for blow,

Out and make way for the Bold Fenian men.

Their task completed they set off cross-country in the direction of Newcestown. In the Bandon attack, according to the reports in the papers the following day, an Essex soldier had been killed and seven Black and Tans injured. Apparently, the foray, after Barry and his men sped out from Bandon, turned into a major episode of machine-gun and rifle-fire. This, according to the Cork Examiner, 16 May 1921, lasted for about an hour as the British ‘shelled the enemy'. Two civilians were wounded. Throughout West Cork, attacks on all ten locations took place on target at around three o'clock. The official British losses in the area were seven men killed and thirteen wounded; the IRA had no casualties.
[32]

Tom saw ‘no conclusion' to the conflict ‘except victory'.
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Notes