The Widow Clicquot (32 page)

Louis Mortemart and, 168

Orléanist revolution and, 153–54

poetry published by, 137, 164–65, 169–70

Chevigné, Marie-Clémentine, 138, 144, 151, 158, 159, 163, 166–68, 184

Chevigné, Marie-Pélagie, 133–34, 183

Chigny-la-Montagne (Chigny-les-Roses), 21, 22, 28, 53, 57

Cléroult, Monsieur, 116

Clicquot, Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin (Widow Clicquot), xiii–xvi, 177, 187–91

banking venture of, 142, 144–48, 150–51, 152, 156

biographies of, 4, 168, 188

birth of, 6, 7

branding and, 81–82, 124, 148

childhood and youth of, 2–3, 12–13, 101

as company head, xviii–xxi, 85, 86–104, 106, 107–21, 123–29, 134–35, 137, 139–43, 148, 150–52, 155–60

contraband shipments and, 80, 108–12, 118

death of, 182

Fourneaux business partnership with, xx, 70, 71–80, 83, 84, 90, 91, 93, 122

as grandmother, 148–49, 161, 166

great-grandchildren of, 159, 166–67, 178, 180, 181, 182

homes of, xv, 7, 93, 135, 138, 139, 144, 151, 159, 161–63, 167, 170, 178, 179–80, 183, 184, 188

husband’s death and, 63, 65–67, 100

jewelry sold by, 91

Kessler and, 140, 141–42, 143, 145–47

later life of, 166–72, 178–82

marriage of, 13–22, 40, 131

as mother, xix–xx, 37, 90–91, 101, 102, 130–32, 134–37, 158, 163, 166

Napoléon I and, 86, 105, 106, 107–8

Napoleonic Wars and, 101–9

Orléanist revolution and, 153–54

personal beliefs of, xix philanthropy and, xx, 166, 172

as pioneering businesswoman, xix, xx–xxi, 68–69, 86–87, 118–21, 185, 190–91

portraits of, 168–69, 178

remuage
process and, xix, 124, 126–29, 143, 149

retirement of, 159–61, 166

retirement plans of, 140–41

Russian market and, 81–82, 94, 108–16, 118, 124, 127, 148

social life of, 37–38, 166, 179–80

son-in-law of.
See
Chevigné, Louis

Marie-Joseph as technical innovator, xviii–xix, 123–24, 126–29, 175

textile industry and, 142, 145, 146, 150, 156

wealth and, 143–44, 172, 179

Werlé and, 141, 142, 143, 147, 148, 150–51, 155–60, 171–72, 179, 182

widow’s garb and, 72, 118

wine business and, 19–22, 25, 26, 36, 39–43, 48, 49–53, 56–62, 68–104, 106, 107–29, 134–35, 137, 139–41

Clicquot, Catherine-Françoise, 14, 18

Clicquot, Clémentine.
See
Chevigné, Clémentine Clicquot (“Mentine”) Clicquot, François, 71, 73, 112, 144

Bohne and, 44, 45, 60, 67–68, 90

champagne industry and, 24–26, 35, 45–47, 51, 52, 55, 57–58, 60–62, 119

death of, 63–67, 100

depressive moods of, 17, 18, 61, 62–63, 66

education and training of, 17–18

marriage of, 14–17, 19, 21, 131

military service of, 18–19

Russian market and, 25, 60–62, 108

wine business and, 19–26, 35, 36, 39–41, 42, 43–54, 60, 88, 92

Clicquot, Philippe, 14, 18–19, 21, 46, 66

death of, 139

son’s death and, 65, 67

textile industry and, 16, 22

as Widow Clicquot’s investor, 71, 73, 87, 119

wine business and, 16, 19, 22–25, 42, 43–44, 48, 88

Clicquot-Muiron and Son, 22–25, 67, 88, 92

Clicquot-Werlé.
See
Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin and Company

Cogniet, Léon, 168, 178

colle
, 54–55, 125, 127 “Consular Seal” champagne, 171

Contes rémois
,
Les
(Chevigné), 164–65, 169–70

Continental System, 73–74, 84

Corbineau, General, 103

Cornelius, Captain, 111

Craig, Béatrice, 43

Crane, Eileen, 59, 122, 123
crémant
champagne, 45, 46

Crussol, Emmanuel de, duke of Uzès, 181, 184

cuvée
, 48, 53

dandies, 12, 164

Deganne, Adalbert, 163

dégorgement
, 55, 96, 125, 127–28, 149

Dejonge, Monsieur, 160

Devonshire, duchess of, 137

Diana, princess of Wales, 137

Diderot, Denis, 20–21

Domaine Carneros, 59, 122, 123

Dom Pérignon.
See
Pérignon, Dom Pierre

échelle des crus
, 20–21

Edward VII, king of Great Britain, 189–90

Elizabeth Alexeievna, empress of Russia, 77–78, 79

Épernay, xvii, 28, 42, 102, 153, 171, 172

Etienne, Michel, 46

étiquettes
(wine labels), 148–49

Evelyn, John, 33

Facts About Champagne and Other Sparkling Wines
(Vizetelly), 168

fashion, 12, 13, 14

fermentation, 29–30, 50–51, 54, 56, 64

malolactic, 76

secondary, 30, 32, 55, 124, 125

feudalism, 5, 8

Fiévet, Victor, 168, 180

Forest-Fourneaux, 84

Fourneaux, Alexandre Jérôme, 71–80, 83, 84–85, 88, 90, 91, 122

Fourneaux, Jérôme, 84–85, 92

Fourneaux and Son, 85

François, Dom, 31

François, Jean-Baptiste, 149

Franco-Prussian War, 183–84

French Revolution, 1, 2–5, 7–11, 12, 18, 24, 101, 132–33, 153–54

Gard, Jennie, 102, 117, 131

Geoffrey, Dame, 42

Germany, 61, 73, 74, 77, 147, 183

Germon, Widow, 42

glasses, xvi, 92–93, 123–24

Godinot, Jean, 51 “Grande Dame, La,” xx

Great Britain, 1, 12

champagne market in, 44–46, 94, 107, 108, 173–74, 175, 177

champagne’s origins in, xvii, 31–33, 114–15

French relations with, 36, 40, 44, 59, 60, 61, 73, 74, 84, 93–94

Greno, Narcisse, 174

Grgich Hills, 26
gris de perle
champagne, 26, 27

guillotine (tool), 128

Guy, Kolleen, 31, 148

Guyot, Jules, 149

Hart, Mrs., 189

Hartmann, Charles, 77, 91

Hautvillers, xvii, 5, 8, 28, 30, 31, 33

Heidsieck, Charles Camille (“Champagne Charlie”), xvii, xviii

Heidsieck, Charles-Henri, xvii, 120, 140–41

Henriot, Apolline, 176

Henriot, Nicolas-Simon, 176
History and Description of Modern Wines
(Redding), 149

Hôtel le Vergeur, 144, 151, 161

Hôtel Ponsardin, 6–7, 10, 15, 16, 38, 85, 93, 104, 105, 139, 182, 184

Huart-Le Tertre, Marie-Barbe-Nicole, 16

industrialization, 119, 120, 157, 177

Industrial Revolution, 144, 169, 175, 190

Jacobins, 8–9, 12, 154

Jacquesson, Adolphe, 149

Jacquesson, Memmie, 86, 106, 149

Jacquesson and Sons, 86

Johnson, Hugh, 123

Joseph, Robert, 20

Joséphine, empress of the French, 38, 85, 104

Juliette (Clicquot niece), 162–63

Jullien, André, 127, 149

Kessler, George Christian von, 140–43, 145–47

Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louise de, 169

Laurent-Perrier, Eugène, 177

Laurent-Perrier, Mathilde-Emile, xxi, 177

Lippincott, Carrie, 190

liqueur de tirage
, 30, 55

liquor d’expédition
, 128

little ice age, 28–29, 30, 33–34

Louis XIV, king of France, 34, 180

Louis XV, king of France, 21, 34, 42

Louis XVI, king of France, 6, 8, 133, 154

Louis XVIII, king of France, 132, 134

Louis-Napoléon.
See
Napoléon III Louis-Philippe, duke of Orléans, 145, 153–54, 155, 169

Lowenberg, Rougemont de, 151

Madame Veuve Clicquot
(Fiévet), 168

Maisonneuve, Allart de, 21–22, 48, 57