The Viral Storm (39 page)

Ötzi the Iceman

outbreak data

crowd sourcing of

mash-up

overlapping reading frames phenomenon

pandemic classification system

Category One

Category Two

Category Three

Category Four

Category Five

pandemics.
See also
epidemics; epidemiology;
and specific diseases; microbes; and species

assessing personal risk from

assessing risk of

birth of

catching, before emergence

defined

hunting new

information and communication technology and

new systems for prevention of

public health systems and

recombination and reassortment and

risk literacy and

WHO six-stage classification

Panosian, Claire

Papua New Guinea

parasites

patient zero

Patterson, Jean

PCR.
See
polymerase chain reaction

Peeters, Martine

PERV (porcine endogenous) retrovirus

pets

Phil’s Pocket Pets

Phipps, James

Picasso, Pablo

picornavirus family

pigs

organ transplants from

plants

poliovirus

poliovirus vaccines.
See also
oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)

polydnavirus

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Polynesians

population bottlenecks

population densities

population size

porcupines

poverty

prairie dogs

prediction markets

pregnancy

pregnancy tests

primates.
See
specific species

prions

probiotics

processed meats

prokaryotes

Prophecy program

Prosser, Adria Tassy

prostate cancer

protozoan parasites

public health system

Pybus, Oliver

Q fever

Quake, Steve

Quammen, David

Queen Elizabeth National Park

rabies

railroads

rats, Gambian giant

reassortment

receptors

recombination

Rees, Sir Martin

Reichenow, Eduardo

reservoir species

retroviruses.
See also
HIV;
and other specific viruses

rhinovirus

Rich, Steve

Rigoni-Stern, Domenico

Rimoin, Anne

rinderpest

risk interpretation

risk literacy

ritual scarification

RNA

RNA viruses

roads

rodents

Rolling Stone

Rous, F. Peyton

Rous sarcoma virus

Russian State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (VECTOR)

Rwanda earthquake of 2008

salmonella

sand flies

SARS

Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue

savanna (grasslands)

Saylors, Karen

schizophrenia

Science

scrapie

seafaring

sedentary populations

Seneca Valley virus

sentinels

September 11, 2001 attacks

serial passage experiments

sexually transmitted diseases

shadow life

sheep

Shoko, Asahara

sickle cell disease

Sierra Leone

simian foamy virus (SFV)

simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)

Simmonds, Peter

Singapore

Singh, Balbir

Skoll, Jeff

Skoll Global Threats Fund

Skoll World Forum

Skype

smallpox

bioterror and

as Category Five microbe

cowpox and

eradication of

Europeans and spread of

origin of

smallpox vaccine

Smith, Derek

Smolinski, Mark

snakes

Snow, John

social media

Song of the Dod, The
(Quammen)

Sonnenburg, Justin

Southeast Asia

Soviet Union.
See also
Russia

Specter, Michael

Spielman, Andy

squirrels

Stanford, Craig

STLV-3 (simian T-lymphotropic virus 3)

stomach ulcers

stress

super-spreader

surgical masks

SV40 virus

swine flu.
See also
H1N1

Switzer, Bill

sylvatic dengue

symptoms

Taï forest

Tamoufe, Ubald

Tanzania

tattooing

taxonomic transmission rule

Tector, Joe

Tenet, George

terns

text messaging

T-lymphotropic viruses (TLVs)

tobacco mosaic disease

toxoplasma (
Toxoplasma gondii
)

tragedy of the commons

transmission.
See also
cross-species transmission

microbe’s need for

vertical

transportation networks

TT virus (TTV)

tuberculosis

tularemia

Twitter

Uganda

UK Health Protection Agency

urbanization

US Agency for International Development (USAID)

Avian Influenza and Other Emerging Threats Unit

Ushahidi

vaccines.
See also
specific diseases and vaccines

animal reservoirs and

attenuated virus

chronic diseases and

inactivated virus

live virus

variolation

VECTOR

viral chatter

viral microarray

viral swarms (quasispecies)

virotherapy

viruses.
See also
specific diseases and viruses

beneficial

cancers caused by

cellular life infected by

cross-species transmission of

defined

discovery of

evolution of

genetic material and mixing by

livestock and

new detection techniques and

new species of

predicting evolution of

receptors and

reservoirs and

virus-like particles (FLPs)

Voronoff, Serge A.

Wallace’s Line

Wangmene, Major

water

Watkins, Jeremy

Western blot test

wet markets

wild animals.
See also
hunters and hunting;
and specific animals

Wildlife Conservation Society

wolves

Woolhouse, Mark

World Health Organization (WHO)

Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network

Worobey, Michael

Wrangham, Richard

xenotransplantation

xenotropic MLV related virus (XMRV)

yellow fever

Yolken Robert

zur Hausen, Harald

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

N
ATHAN
W
OLFE
is the Lorry I. Lokey Visiting Professor in Human Biology at Stanford University and the founder and CEO of Global Viral Forecasting, an independent research institute devoted to early detection and control of epidemics. Wolfe received his bachelor’s degree at Stanford and his doctorate in Immunology and Infectious Diseases from Harvard. He has held professorships at John Hopkins and UCLA, has published more than 80 articles and chapters and has been awarded research support totaling over $30 million in grants and contracts. Wolfe has been published in or profiled by
Nature
,
Science
,
The New York Times
,
The New Yorker
,
The Economist
,
Wired
,
Discover
,
Scientific American
, NPR,
Popular Science
,
Seed
, and
Forbes
. He was the recipient of a Fulbright fellowship in 1997 and the prestigious NIH Director’s Pioneer Award in 2005. Wolfe has been elected a World Economic Forum Young Global Leader, a National Geographic Emerging Explorer, and in 2011 was named one of
Time
magazine’s 100 Most Influential People in the World. He lives in San Francisco.

Times Books

Henry Holt and Company, LLC

Publishers since 1866

175 Fifth Avenue

New York, New York 10010

Henry Holt
®
is a registered trademark of Henry Holt and Company, LLC.

Copyright © 2011 by Nathan Wolfe

All rights reserved.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wolfe, Nathan.

The viral storm : the dawn of a new pandemic age / Nathan Wolfe. — 1st ed.

       p. cm.

Summary: “The ‘Indiana Jones’ of virus hunters reveals the complex interactions between humans and viruses, and the threat from viruses that jump from species to species”—Provided by publisher.

ISBN 978-0-8050-9194-6 (hardback)

  1.  Viruses.   2.  Virus diseases.   3.  Molecular evolution.   4.  Human evolution.   I.  Title.

QR360.W65 2011

616.9'1—dc22                                   2011011321

First Edition 2011

eISBN 978-1-4299-7359-5