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14
. Elspeth Huxley,
With Forks and Hope
, Morrow, 1964.

15
. Parrinder,
op. cit
.

16
. Blixen,
op. cit
.

17
. Robert F. Gray, “Structural Aspects of Mbugwe Witchcraft,” from
Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa
, ed. by John Middleton and E. H. Winter, Praeger, 1963.

CHAPTER VI

1
. D. M. Sindiyo, “Game Department Field Experience in Public Education.”
E. African Agric. & Forestry Journal
, Vol. XXXIII, 1968.

2
. George B. Schaller, Conversations.

3
. George B. Schaller,
The Serengeti Lion
.

4
.
Ibid
.

CHAPTER VII

1
. J. A. Hunter,
op. cit
.

2
. Henri Junod, from
Life in a South African Tribe
, Macmillan, 1912, quoted in
Technicians of the Sacred
by J. Rothenburg, Doubleday, 1968.

3
. Stewart Edward White,
The Rediscovered Country
, Doubleday, 1915.

4
. R. M. Laws and I. S. C. Parker, “Recent Studies on Elephant Populations in East Africa,”
Symp. Zool. Soc
., London, 1968.

5
.
Ibid
.

6
. David Western, Conversations.

7
. Arthur Neumann,
Elephant Hunting in East Equatorial Africa
, London, 1898.

8
. Dennis Holman,
The Elephant People
, Murray, 1967.

CHAPTER VIII

1
. Adapted from Colin Turnbull,
Tradition and Change in African Life
, Avon, 1966.

2
. Thomson,
op. cit
.

3
. Ionides, in Wykes,
op. cit
.

4
. G. W. B. Huntingford, “The Social Organisation of the Dorobo,”
African Studies
, no. 1, 1942.

5
. Huxley,
With Forks and Hope
.

6
. L. S. B. Leakey, “Preliminary Report on . . . Engaruka Ruins,”
TNR
, no. 1, 1936.

7
. Murdock,
op. cit
.

8
. Elspeth Huxley,
A New Earth
, Morrow, 1960.

9
. Posnansky,
op. cit
.

10
. Gray,
The Sonjo of Tanganyika
.

11
. Murdock,
op. cit
.

12
. Leslie Brown,
Africa: A Natural History
, Random House, 1965.

13
. Sir A. Claud Hollis,
The Masai
, Oxford, 1935.

CHAPTER IX

1
. Hollis,
op. cit
.

2
. Frank Lambrecht, “Aspects of the Evolution and Ecology of Tsetse Flies . . . ,” from
Papers in African Prehistory
by J. D. Fage and R. A. Oliver, Cambridge, 1970.

3
. Blixen,
op. cit
.

4
. Adamson,
op. cit
.

5
. Gray,
The Sonjo of Tanganyika
.

6
. Myles Turner, Conversations and Correspondence.

CHAPTER X

1
. From Olivia Vlahos,
African Beginnings
, Viking, 1967.

2
. Dorothea Bleek, “The Hadzapi or Watindega of Tanganyika Territory,”
Africa
, no. 3, 1931.

3
. F. J. Bagshawe, “The Peoples of the Happy Valley,”
Jour. of the African Society
, Part II, no. 24, 1925.

4
. Dorothea Bleek, “Traces of Former Bushman Occupation in Tanganyika Territory,”
South African Jour. Sci
., no. 28, 1931.

5
. L. S. B. Leakey,
Stone Age Cultures of Kenya Colony
, Cambridge, 1931.

6
. Peter Enderlein, Conversations and Correspondence.

7
. George J. Klima,
The Barabaig
, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

8
. Posnansky,
op. cit
.

9
. James C. Woodburn, “Hunters and Gatherers,” Brit. Mus. brochure, 1970. See also Selected Bibliography.

10
.
Ibid
.

11
. G. M. Wilson, “The Tatoga of Tanganyika,”
TNR
, no. 33, 1952.

12
. Woodburn,
op. cit
.

13
. B. Cooper, “The Kindiga,”
TNR
, no. 27, 1949.

14
. Klima,
op. cit
.

15
. R. A. J. Maguire, “Il-Torobo,”
TNR
, no. 25, 1948.

Glossary

(All words are Swahili where not otherwise indicated)

askari
soldier, warden, guard
banda
shed, thatched hut, rondavel
bangi
[from Indian bhang]: (Cannabis) hemp, narcotic
bao
ancient pebble game
biltong
dried strips of wild meat
boma
stock corral, thorn-walled shelter
dawa
medicine, charm, talisman
debe
4-gallon kerosene can
donga
gully, ravine, dry except in rains
duka
trading post or general store
en-gang
[Maasai]: home village
kanga
shawl (of East Indian print batik)
karibu
welcome to . . .
kikoi
(see shuka)
korongo
small stream, drainage line
laibon
[Maasai]: medicine man
magadi
soda, soda lake
mbira
marimba
miombo
dry forest, mostly Brachystegia
morani
[Maasai; pl. il-moran]: warrior
mswaki
toothbrush bush (Salvadora)
mzungu
[pl. wazungu]: white person, European
nyika
wilderness (especially dry thorn scrub waste
between highlands and the sea)
ol duvai
[Maasai]: bayonet aloe (Sansevieria)
panga
cane- or brush-cutting machete
pombe
local beer (usually from maize)
posho
ration (especially ugali)
shamba
farm plot
shifta
[Somali]: bandit (literally “wanderer”)
shuka
rectangular piece of cloth, printed or dyed, worn as herdsman’s cape or toga; also, as kikoi, or man’s “skirt” (on the East African coast)
ugali
maize meal, porridge
Selected Bibliography

Abrahamson, H.
The Origin of Death
. Kegan Paul, 1952.

Adamson, Joy.
The Peoples of Kenya
. Collins & Harvill, 1967.

Arkell, A. J.
A History of the Sudan
. Oxford, 1961.

Bagshawe, F. J. “The Peoples of the Happy Valley,”
Jour. of the African Society
, Part II, no. 24, 1925.

Beard, Peter.
The End of the Game
. Viking, 1965.

Bleek, Dorothea. “The Hadzapi or Watindega of Tanganyika Territory,”
Africa
, no. 3, 1931;
idem
, “Traces of Former Bushman Occupation in Tanganyika Territory,”
South African Jour. Sci.
, no. 28, 1931.

Blixen, Karen.
Out of Africa
. Random House, 1937.

Brown, Leslie.
Africa: A Natural History
. Random House, 1965.

Carrington, Richard.
Elephants
. London, 1958.

Cave, F. O., and James D. MacDonald.
Birds of the Sudan
. London, 1955.

Clark, J. Desmond.
The Prehistory of Africa
. Praeger, 1970.

Cole, Sonia.
The Prehistory of East Africa
. Macmillan, 1965.

Cooper, B. “The Kindiga,”
Tanganyika Notes and Records
(hereafter
TNR
), no. 27, 1949.

Davidson, Basil.
The African Past
. Grosset & Dunlap, 1964.

Douglas, Mary.
Purity and Danger
. Praeger, 1966.

Douglas-Hamilton, Iain. “The Lake Manyara Elephant Problem,” unpub. ms., 1969.

Dundas, K. R. “Notes on the Origin and History of the Kikuyu and Dorobo Tribes,”
Man
, no. 78, 1908.

Dyson, W. S., and V. E. Fuchs. “The Elmolo,”
Jour. Royal African Inst
., no. 67, 1937.

Evans-Pritchard, E. E.
The Nuer
. Oxford, 1940.

Fage, J. D., and R. A. Oliver.
Papers in African Prehistory
. Cambridge, 1970.

Fordham, Paul.
The Geography of African Affairs
. Penguin, 1965.

Fosbrooke, H. A. “An Administrative Record of the Masai Social System,”
TNR
, no. 26, 1948;
idem
, “A Stone Age Tribe in Tanganyika,”
South African Arch. Bull
., no. 11, 1956.

Graham, Aleicester. The Lake Rudolf Crocodile (unpub. ms.).

Gray, Robert F.
The Sonjo of Tanganyika
. Oxford, 1963; idem, “Structural Aspects of Mbugwe Witchcraft,” in Middleton and Winter,
Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa
. Praeger, 1963.

Greenberg, Joseph H.
The Languages of Africa
. University of Indiana, 1963.

Gregory, J. W.
The Rift Valley and the Geology of East Africa
. London, 1910.

Gulliver, P., and P. H. Gulliver.
The Central Nilo-Hamites
. London, 1953.

Henderson, Ian (with Philip Goodhart).
The Hunt for Kimathi
. Hamish Hamilton, 1958.

Hobley, C. W. “Notes on the Dorobo,”
Man
, no. 76, 1906.

Hollis, Sir A. Claud.
The Masai
. Oxford, 1935.

Holman, Dennis.
The Elephant People
. Murray, 1967.

Horizon Editors.
The Horizon History of Africa
. McGraw-Hill, 1971.

Hunter, J. A.
Hunter
. Harper, 1952.

Huntingford, G. W. B. “The Peopling of East Africa by Its Modern Inhabitants,” in Oliver and Matthew,
History of East Africa
, vol. 1, Oxford, 1963;
idem
, “The Social Organisation of the Dorobo,”
African Studies
, no. 1, 1942;
idem, The Southern Nilo-Hamites
. London, 1953.

Huxley, Elspeth.
The Flame Trees of Thika
. Penguin, 1962;
idem, A New Earth
. Morrow, 1960;
idem, With Forks and Hope
, Morrow, 1964.

Ionides, C. P. J. “Southern Province Native Superstitions,”
TNR
, no. 29, 1950.

Junod, Henri.
Life in a South African Tribe
. Macmillan, 1912, quoted in
Technicians of the Sacred
by J. Rothenburg, Doubleday, 1968.

Kariuki, J. M.
Mau Mau Detainee
. Penguin, 1964.

Kenyatta, Jomo.
Facing Mt. Kenya
. London, 1938.

Klima, George J.
The Barabaig
. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

Laws, R. M., and I. S. C. Parker. “Recent Studies on Elephant Populations in East Africa,”
Symp. Zool. Soc.
London, 1968.

Leakey, L. S. B.
Adam’s Ancestors
. Harper (Torchbooks), 1960;
idem
, “Preliminary Report on an Examination of the Engaruka Ruins,”
TNR
, no. 1, 1936;
idem, Stone Age Cultures of Kenya Colony
, Cambridge, 1931.

Leakey, Richard. “In Search of Man’s Past at Lake Rudolf,”
Nat. Geog.
, 1969.

Lee, Richard, and I. Devore, eds.
Man the Hunter
. Aldine, 1968.

Lienhardt, Godfrey. “The Shilluk of the Upper Nile,” in
African Worlds
, ed. Daryll Forde, Oxford, 1954.

Lindblom, Gerhard.
The Akamba in British East Africa
. Uppsala, 1920.

Maguire, R. A. J. “Il-Torobo,”
TNR
, no. 25, 1948.

el Mahdi, Mandour.
A Short History of the Sudan
. Oxford, 1965.

Meinertzhagen, Col. Richard.
Kenya Diary: 1902-1906
. London, 1957.

Middleton, John, and E. H. Winter, eds.
Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa
. Praeger, 1963.

Murdock, G. P.
Africa: Its Peoples and Their Culture History
. McGraw-Hill, 1959.

Neumann, Arthur.
Elephant Hunting in East Equatorial Africa
. London, 1898.

Oliver, R., and J. D. Fage.
A Short History of Africa
. Penguin, 1962.

Oliver, R., and G. Matthew.
History of East Africa
, vol. 1, Oxford, 1963.

Parrinder, Geoffrey.
African Mythology
. Hamlyn, 1967.

Patterson, J. H.
The Man-Eaters of Tsavo
. Macmillan, 1963.

Posnansky, M., ed.
Prelude to East African History
. Oxford, 1966.

Praed, C. W. Mackworth, and Capt. C. H. B. Grant.
Birds of East Africa
. London, 1952.

Radin, Paul.
African Folktales
. Bollingen, 1952.

Ricciardi, Mireilla.
Vanishing Africa
. Reynal, 1971.

Schaller, George B.
The Serengeti Lion
. Univ. Chicago Press, 1972 (uncorrected proofs).

Schaller, George B., and Gordon R. Lowther. “The Relevance of Carnivore Behavior to the Study of Early Hominids,”
Southwestern Jour. Anthrop.
, vol. 25, no. 4, 1969.

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