The Third Reich at War (165 page)

Mutschmann, Martin

My Life for Ireland
(film)

Mystici Corporis
(Papal Encyclical)

Naples

Napoleon Bonaparte

Narva, river

Narvik

‘National Committee “Free Germany”

National Democratic Party

‘national pests’ (
Volksschädlinge
)

National Political Educational Institutions (’Napolas’)

National Socialism (Nazism: National Socialist German Workers’ Party)

Nazi ideology and German army

Racial-Political Office

pre-war anti-Jewish propaganda

Party Chancellery

Hitler’s annual speech to Regional

Leaders

reports on Task Forces’ massacres

Supreme Court

Nazi ideology blames Jews for all ills

Head Office for Technology

Party apparatus in state of collapse

popular disillusionment with

Party programme anniversary addresses

and the growing domestic power vacuum

Press Office

morale-boosting meetings

‘Word of the Week’

total collapse of Party

National Socialist Courier

National Socialist German Students’ League

National Socialist Lawyers’ League

National Socialist People’s Welfare

organization

National Socialist Teachers’ League

Natzweiler concentration camp

Naumann, Werner

navy, German

building programmes

in First World War

invasion of Norway

Swedish shipyards build warships for

and planned invasion of Britain

major losses

and medical experimentation

and Allied Normandy landings

suicides of admirals

Naval Intelligence School

see also
submarines, U-boats

Nazi Party
see
National Socialism

Nebe, Arthur

Nedi’, Milan

Ne’mirovsky, Irène

Nemmersdorf

neo-Nazi movements

‘Nero order’ (March 1945)

nerve gases

Netherlands
see
Holland

Neuengamme concentration camp

Neufeld, Michael

Neuhaus, Albert

Neumann, Franz

Neurath, Konstantin von

Neustadt in Westpreussen (Wejherowo)

‘New Order’

New York

newspapers, magazines

newsreels

nickel

Nicodim, Patriarch

Niemöller, Martin

Nienburg

‘Night of Broken Glass’
see
pogrom of November 1938

Ninth Army

Nisko

NKVD
see
Soviet secret police

Nobel Prizes

Nola

Noma (disease)

Nord (French department)

Nordhausen

N̈rdlingen

Normandy landings (1944)

North Africa

French colonial territories

Italian colonial territories

Rommel’s successes in

Jewish population

USA enters war in

Rommel’s defeat in

North Sea

Norway

German invasion

Quisling’s pro-German movement

King and government in exile

deportation of Jews from

and the ‘New Order’

rationing

prisoners

administration during occupation

air bases

Military SS recruitment

heavy water factory

Norwich

Noske, Gustav

novels

nuclear bombs

Nuremberg

Nuremberg Laws (1935)

Nuremberg Party Rally (1929)

Nuremberg trials

nurses

nutrition

Oberg, Carl-Albrecht

Oberhausen

Obersalzberg
see
Berghof

Obluze

‘occupation costs’

Oder, river

Odessa

Ohlendorf, Otto

Ohnesorge, Wilhelm

Ohrdruf

oil

Middle Eastern

Romanian

Hungarian

Soviet

Caucasus

shortages

sequestered from occupied countries

Caspian Sea

Olbrich, Friedrich

Oldenburg

Omaha Beach

opera

Oppenhoff, Franz

Oradour-sur-Glane

Oran

Oranienstein

Order Castles

Ordzhonikide

Orff, Carl

Origo, Iris

Orscha

Orthodox Church

Ortner, Franz

Oslo

Oster, Hans

Ostrava

Oswiecim
see
Auschwitz

Otter, Göran von

Pacific war

Paderborn

Palatinate

Palermo

Palestine

Palmie’, Gisbert

Palmnicken

Panther (tank)

Papen, Franz von

Paraguay

Paris

refugees flee

Germans enter

Hitler’s sight-seeing trip

attacks on synagogues

deportation of Jews

Paris Opera

Arno Breker in

Louvre museum

abortive coup after July 1944 bomb plot

Parkinson’s disease

Party Chancellery

Pas-de-Calais

Patton, George

Pau

Paul, Prince Regent of Yugoslavia

Paulus, Friedrich

Pavelic’, Ante

Pavlov, Dmitri

Peace Settlement (1919)
see also
Versailles, Treaty of

Pearl Harbor

peasantry

Polish

Norwegian

Greek

Croatian

Bulgarian

German

Soviet

Peenemünde

Peer Gynt
(Egk)

Penzberg

People’s Court

‘People’s Storm’ (
Volkssturm
)

Peron, Juan

Persia

Petacci, Clara

P’tain, Philippe

backs armistice with Germany

establishment of Vichy government

negotiations with Hitler over attack on Britain

and deportation of Jews

reduced to figurehead

Peter, King of Yugoslavia

Peters, Gerhard

Petersen, K̈the

pets, Jews banned from owning

Pfannm̈ller, Hermann

Pfitzner, Hans

Pforzheim

Philippines

Philips (multinational)

‘phoney war’

phosgene gas

phosphates

physics

Piaf, Edith

Piaski

Picasso, Pablo

Picker, Henry

Pillau

Pintsch, Karl-Heinz

Pirna

Piskowitz

Pius, Pope

Pius, Pope

plebiscites

Ploesti oilfield

Pl̈tzensee prison

plutonium

pogroms

November 1938 (’Night of Broken Glass’)

in Tsarist Russia

in German-occupied Soviet Union

in Romania

Pohl, Oswald

Poland

formation of Polish state after First World War

German invasion

Soviet Union invades

surrender

ethnic German population

Catholics and Catholicism

German ‘civilizing mission’ in

occupation as proving-ground for Nazi

new racial order

intelligentsia

mass executions

Task Forces in

German army’s atrocities in

labour conscription

confiscation of property

Germanization programmes

suppression of Polish culture and education

bribery and corruption in

black markets

disintegration of Polish society

Poland -
cont
.

atrocities in Soviet occupied territories

Jewish ghettos

government in exile

Home Army

murder of asylum patients

Polish units in Allied forces

internees in North African labour camps

and German invasion of Soviet Union

Hitler’s plans for ‘living space’

extermination of Jews

political prisoners in concentration camps

Polish labourers in Germany

disintegration of German rule

resistance

rescue of Jews

looting of artworks

Warsaw uprising (1944)

Red Army occupation

war crimes trials

under Communism

see also
General Government

police

criminal

Security

Order

in General Government

Polish

Reich Criminal Police Office

border

in Soviet Union

in Romania

in Yugoslavia

Jewish ghetto

knowledge of deportations

see also
Gestapo

Polish Corridor

Polish Home Army

‘Polish muddle’ (
Polenwirtschaft
)

Poltava

Pomerania

Poniatowa labour camp

Pontine marshes

Ponza

Popitz, Johannes

P̈ppel, Martin

Portsmouth

Portugal

Posen

Posse, Hans

postal service

Potocki family

Potsdam

Prachtice

Prague

Pravda
(newspaper)

Press Chamber, Reich

Pretzsch

Preussich-Stargard (Starograd)

Preysing, Count Conrad, Bishop of Berlin

Prince of Wales
(battleship)

Pripet marshes

prisoners of war

Polish

Soviet

British

French

German

Ukrainian

deployment as labourers

Italian

American

Danish

Norwegian

prisons

Probst, Christoph

Prochorovka

propaganda

anti-Jewish

antisemitic feature films

of ‘euthanasia action’ programme

on German plans for occupied Soviet territory

anti-Polish

on women’s roles

and defeat on Eastern Front

Goebbels’s ‘total war’ speech

against Allied bombing raids

Allied propaganda against Jewish genocide

against Red Army atrocities

purpose of wartime propaganda

Goebbels gains complete control over

radio broadcasts

on ‘wonder-weapons’

and threat of German annihilation

fails in face of invasion and defeat

Propaganda Ministry

and invasion of Poland

and assassination attempt on Hitler (November 1939)

recommends replacing ‘antisemitic’ with ‘anti-Jewish’

and ‘Jewish world conspiracy’

and ‘total war’ initiative

and Allied bombing raids

and Hitler’s increasing withdrawal from public view

briefing papers to Hitler

Nazi Party ‘Word of the Week’

newsreels

takes over radio stations

and Reich Chamber of Music

and ‘Jewification’ of Hungary

and ‘wonder-weapons’

prostitutes, prostitution

Protectorate, the
see
Bohemia and Moravia (Reich Protectorate)

Protestant Church
see
Confessing Church; Evangelical Church; German Christians

Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The

Pr̈fer, Kurt

Prussia
see also
East Prussia; West Prussia

Prussian Finance Ministry

psychiatric hospitals
see also
T-4 unit killing centres

psychiatrists

Psychological Research and Psychotherapy, Reich Institute for

publishers

Pultusk

putsches

Kapp (1920)

Munich beer-hall (1923)

Quakernack, Walter

quinine

Quisling, Vidkun

Race and Settlement Head Office

racial classification

racial hygiene, hygienists

Racial Observer
(newspaper)

Racial-Political Office

radar

radio

interception of messages

popular broadcasts

‘radio crime’

Radio Society, Reich

Radom

Radomsko

Raeder, Erich

railways

Trans-Siberian Railway

under-investment in German system

Trans-Sahara Railway

improved in occupied Poland

Hitler’s plans for new system in east

transportation of prisoners of war

and relocation of Soviet industry

sabotaged by Red Army

transportation of Jews

restrictions on Jews’ use of

sequestration of equipment from occupied countries

destroyed in bombing raids

railway workers knowledge of deportations

breakdown of railway communications

transport to Bayreuth festivals

destroyed by pro-Soviet partisans

incompatiblity of gauges

German equipment removed by Soviets

Rallies, Nuremberg Party

rape

Rascher, Sigmund

Rastenburg

Rath, Ernst vom

rationing

in occupied countries

in ghettos

for German Jews

in Germany

for foreign workers

in Britain

in concentration camps

Rauca, Helmut

Rauff, Walter

Rauter, Hanns

Ravensbr̈ck concentration camp

Rebatet, Lucien

Reck-Malleczewen, Friedrich

Reck-Malleczewen, Irmgard

Red Army

invasion of Poland

purges

war with Finland (’Winter War’ 1940)

size

unprepared for German invasion

collapses in chaos

deserters

prisoners of war

determination to fight

reorganization

counter-attacks

Battle of Moscow (1941-2)

Battle of Stalingrad (1942-3)

forces German retreat from Caucasus

Battle of Kursk (1943)

German propaganda against

Operation Bagration

and Warsaw uprising (1944)

advances into Germany

total losses