The Shadow of War (50 page)

Lady Katharine Stewart-Murray
(née Ramsay)
, 39: (known as ‘Kitty') wife of Bardie; accomplished musician and social activist.

Lady Dorothea Stewart-Murray
, 49: (known as ‘Dertha') the 7th Duke's eldest child; married to Harold Ruggles-Brise, a career soldier.

Lady Helen Stewart-Murray
, 47: the 7th Duke's second child; lived at Blair Atholl and acted in the place of her deceased mother, Louisa, the Duchess of Atholl, who died in 1902 in Italy.

Lady Evelyn Stewart-Murray
, 46: the 7th Duke's third child and youngest daughter. Emotional problems in her childhood led her parents to send her away to be cared for by a governess; she now lived in Malines, in Belgium, in the company of a companion.

Baron Nathan Mayer ‘Natty' Rothschild
, 73: banker, politician and senior member of the Rothschild banking dynasty.

Hugh Richard ‘Bendor' Grosvenor
, 35: 2nd Duke of Westminster; a Boer War veteran and one of Europe's richest men (he owned seventeen Rolls-Royce cars as well as his own private train).

William ‘Billy' Wentworth-Fitzwilliam
, 42: 7th Earl Fitzwilliam; the owner of Wentworth Woodhouse, the largest private house in Europe.

John Inglis
, 40: factor, Blair Atholl Estate.

Jamie Forsyth
, 58: butler, Blair Atholl Castle.

Dougie Cameron
, 22: first footman, Blair Atholl Castle household.

John Jarvis
, 55: butler, Eaton Place, London.

Simon Joseph Fraser Lovat
, 42: (known as ‘Shimi') 14th Lord Lovat and 3rd Baron Lovat; Roman Catholic Scottish landowner and the 23rd Chieftain of the Clan Fraser. He raised the Lovat Scouts in the Boer War, where he won a Distinguished Service Order.

Eileen Macallum
, 8: the illegitimate daughter of Bardie Stewart-Murray; Eileen's mother was thought to be a ‘Lady Macallum'.

Angus Farquhar
, 38: Company Serjeant Major, C Company, Cameron Highlanders.

John Tovey
, 24: Corporal, C Company, Cameron Highlanders.

David Tod
, 58: born in Edinburgh; businessman, sculptor and friend of Lady Helen Stewart-Murray.

Mrs Maud Grant
, 53: widow and resident of Glen Tilt on the Blair Atholl Estate.

Matthew White Ridley
, 39: 2nd Viscount Ridley; British Conservative politician and owner of Blagdon Hall, Northumberland.

John-Tommy Crabtree
, 42, born in Harle Syke: steward, Keighley Green Working Men's Club. Formerly a weaver; retired cricketer and renowned fast bowler for Burnley Cricket Club.

Tommy Broxup
, 23, born in Burnley: weaver.

Vincent (‘Vinny') Sagar
, 17, born in Padiham: weaver.

Nathaniel (‘Twaites') Haythornthwaite
, 17, born in Sabden: weaver.

Michael (‘Mad Mick') Kenny
, 25, born in Colne: collier.

Catherine (‘Cath') Kenny
, 22, born in Nelson: weaver.

Mary Broxup
, 22, born in Burnley: weaver.

Harry Hyndman
, 72, born in London: radical activist and leader of the British Socialist Party.

John Harwood
, 67, born in Darwen: cotton entrepreneur, President of Accrington Stanley Football Club, Mayor of Accrington, founder of the 11th Battalion (Service), East Lancashire Regiment (Accrington Pals).

John Haworth
, 38, born in Accrington: Manager, Burnley Football Club.

Jimmy Dowd
, 22, born in Armagh, Ireland: weaver.

James ‘Jimmy' Severn
, 55, born in Bow, London: retired soldier, training NCO, 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

Henry Davison Riley
, 33, born in Cliviger: local businessman; Lieutenant, D Company, 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

Frederick Arnold Heys
, 26, born in Oswaldtwistle: solicitor; Lieutenant, D Company, 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

Raymond St George Ross
, 31, born in Lancaster: analytical chemist; Captain, D Company, 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

Arnold Bannatyne Tough
, 24, born in Accrington: dentist; Lieutenant, D Company, 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

Andrew Muir
, 55, born in Maryhill, Scotland: retired soldier, training NCO, 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

George Lee
, 52, born in Widecombe, Devon: retired soldier; training NCO, 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

Richard Sharples
, 64, born in Haslingden: solicitor and territorial soldier; Colonel and Commanding Officer, 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

George Nicholas Slinger
, 48, born in Bacup: solicitor and territorial soldier; Captain and Adjutant, 11th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment.

Estimates of casualty numbers for the Great War vary significantly, largely because numbers from the Central Powers and from Russia were not properly recorded, or were lost in the confusion and chaos of the post-war world. The statistics below are drawn from a number of sources, including the following.

• British Empire figures are drawn from The Commonwealth War Graves Annual Report, 2011.
  
• Official British figures were concluded in a War Office Report of March 1922.
  
• Estimates of Russian, Greek, Serbian and Montenegrin casualties were presented by journalist Boris Urlanis in
  Wars and Population
  (Moscow, 1971).
  
• Estimates of Allied deaths in France, Italy, Britain and Germany were presented in Samuel Dumas's study
  Losses of Life Caused by War
  (Oxford, 1923).
  
• Estimates of German and Austrian losses are based on the official German Army Medical Branch war history
  Heeres-Sanitätsinspektion im Reichskriegsministeriums, Sanitätsbericht über das deutsche Heer (Deutsches Feld- und Besatzungsheer) im Weltkriege 1914–1918
  (Berlin, 1934).
  

The following are also invaluable sources of information.

• Erickson, Edward J. 2001.
  Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
  . Greenwood. (Includes casualty figures for the Ottoman Army.)
  
• Hersch, Liebmann. 1927. La Mortalité Causée par la Guerre Mondiale.
  Metron : The International Review of Statistics
  ,
  Vol 7. No 1. (This study details the demographic impact of the war on France, the UK, Italy, Belgium, Portugal, Serbia, Romania and Greece.)
  
• Huber, Michel. 1931.
  La Population de la France Pendant la Guerre
  . Presses Universitaires de France. (This study, published by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, lists official data for war-related military deaths and the missing of France and its colonies.)
  
• Mortara, Giorgo. 1925.
  La Salute Pubblica in Italia durante e dopo la Guerra
  . Yale University Press. (Lists estimates of Italian casualties.)
  

The figures in the following table include 6.8 million combat-related deaths as well as 3 million military deaths caused by accidents, disease and deaths while prisoners of war. They include about 6 million excess civilian deaths due to war-related malnutrition and disease that are often omitted from other compilations. The civilian deaths listed below also include the Armenian Genocide (1915), but civilian deaths due to the Spanish flu (1918–1920) have been excluded.

In addition to New Commonwealth troops listed below, Britain recruited Indian, Chinese, native South African, Egyptian and other overseas labour to provide logistical support in the combat theatres. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission reports that nearly 2,000 workers from the Chinese Labour Corps are buried with British war dead in France.

Included with British casualties in East Africa are the deaths of 44,911 recruited labourers.

In 1914, the whole of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom; during the Great War 206,000 Irishmen fought for Britain.

In March 2009, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission produced the following statistics for the resting places of the
British dead in the Great War. The figures include all three services.

• Buried in named graves: 587,989.
  
• No known graves, but listed on a memorial to the missing: 526,816, of which
  
  • buried but not identifiable by name: 187,861
    
  • remains not recovered, therefore not buried at all: 338,955.
    

The last figure includes those lost at sea. Thus, about half are buried as known soldiers, with the rest either buried but unidentifiable, or lost.