The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (228 page)

15
.
Ibid.
, p. 687.

16
.
Ibid.
, p. 354.

17
.
Ibid.
, p. 355.

18
.
Ibid.
, pp. 369–70.

19
. Konrad Heiden,
A History of National Socialism
, p. 36.

20
.
Mein Kampf
, pp. 496–97. The italics are Hitler’s.

21
. Heiden,
A History of National Socialism
, pp. 51–52.

22
. Heiden,
Der Fuehrer
, pp. 98–99.

23
. Heiden,
A History of National Socialism
, p. 52.

24
. Heiden,
Hitler
, pp. 90–91.

 1
. Wheeler-Bennett,
Wooden Titan: Hindenburg
, pp. 207–8.

 2
.
Ibid.
, p. 131.

 3
. Wheeler-Bennett’s
Nemesis
, p. 58.

 4
. Franz L. Neumann,
Behemoth
, p. 23.

 5
. Heiden,
Der Fuehrer
, pp. 131–33.

 6
.
Ibid.
, p. 164.

 7
. Lt. Gen. Friedrich von Rabenau,
Seeckt, aus seinem Leben
, II, p. 342.

 8
.
Ibid.
,

 9
. Karl Alexander von Mueller, quoted by Heiden in
Der Fuehrer
, p. 190.

10
. The record of the court proceedings is contained in
Der Hitler Prozess.

 1
. The figures are from a study of Eher Verlag’s royalty statements made by Prof. Oron James Hale and published in
The American Historical Review
, July 1955, under the title “Adolf Hitler: Taxpayer.”

 2
. The quotations are from
Mein Kampf
, pp. 619, 672, 674.

 3
.
Ibid.
, pp. 138–39.

 4
.
Ibid.
, p. 140.

 5
.
Ibid.
, pp. 643, 646, 652.

 6
.
Ibid.
, p. 649.

 7
.
Ibid.
, p. 675.

 8
.
Ibid.
, p. 654.

 9
.
Ibid.
, pp. 150–53.

10
.
Adolf Hitlers Reden
, p. 32. Quoted by Bullock,
op. cit.
, p. 68.

11
.
Mein Kampf
, pp. 247–53.

12
.
Ibid.
, pp. 134–35, 285, 289.

13
.
Ibid.
, p. 290.

14
.
Ibid.
, pp. 295–96.

15
.
Ibid.
, p. 296, for this and the two quotations above it.

16
.
Ibid.
, p. 646.

17
.
Ibid.
, pp. 383–84.

18
.
Ibid.
, p. 394.

19
.
Ibid.
, pp. 402–4.

20
.
Ibid.
, p. 396.

21
.
Ibid.
, pp. 449–50.

22
. A. J. P. Taylor,
The Course of German History
, p. 24.

23
. Wilhelm Roepke,
The Solution of the German Problem
, 153.

24
.
Mein Kampf
, pp. 154, 225–26.

25
.
Hitler’s Secret Conversations
, p. 198.

26
. See his study of Chamberlain in
The Third Reich
, ed. by Baumont, Fried and Vermeil.

27
. The foregoing, from Chamberlain back to Fichte and Hegel, is based
on the works of the authors and on quotations and interpretations in such books as
German Philosophy and Politics
, by John Dewey;
The German Catastrophe
, by Friedrich Meinecke;
The Solution of the German Problem
, by Wilhelm Roepke;
A History of Western Philosophy
, by Bertrand Russell;
Thus Speaks Germany
, ed. by W. W. Coole and M. F. Potter;
The Third Reich
, ed. by Baumont, Fried and Vermeil;
German Nationalism: The Tragedy of a People
, by Louis L. Snyder;
German History: Some New German Views
, ed. by Hans Kohn;
The Rise and Fall of Nazi Germany
, by T. L. Jarman;
Der Fuehrer
, by Konrad Heiden;
The Course of German History
, by A. J. P. Taylor;
L’Allemagne Contemporaine
, by Edmond Vermeil;
History of Germany
, by Hermann Pinnow.

E. Eyck’s
Bismarck and the German Empire
is an invaluable study.

The limitations of space in a work of this kind prohibited discussion of the considerable influence on the Third Reich of a number of other German intellectuals whose writings were popular and significant in Germany: Schlegel, J. Goerres, Novalis, Arndt, Jahn, Lagarde, List, Droysen, Ranke, Mommsen, Constantin Frantz, Stoecker, Bernhardi, Klaus Wagner, Langbehn, Lange, Spengler.

28
.
Mein Kampf
, p. 381.

29
.
Ibid.
, p. 293.

30
.
Ibid.
, pp. 213–13.

31
. Hegel,
Lectures on the Philosophy of History
, pp. 31–32. Quoted by Bullock,
op. cit.
, p. 351.

32
. Quoted in
The Third Reich
, ed. by Baumont
et al.
, pp. 204–5, from two works of Nietzsche:
Zur Genealogie der Moral
and
Der Wille zur Macht.

 1
. Kurt Ludecke,
I Knew Hitler
, pp. 217–18.

 2
. Baynes (ed.),
The Speeches of Adolf Hitler
, I, pp. 155–56.

 3
. Curt Riess,
Joseph Goebbels
, p. 8.

 4
. This and the other quoted Hitler reminiscences of January 16–17, 1942, about Obersalzberg are from
Hitler’s Secret Conversations.

 5
. Such authorities as Heiden and Bullock tell of the Raubals coming to Haus Wachenfeld in 1925, when Geli Raubal was seventeen. But Hitler makes it clear that he did not acquire the villa until 1928, at which time he says, “I immediately rang up my sister in Vienna with the news, and begged her to be so good as to take over the part of mistress of the house.” See
Hitler’s Secret Conversations
, p. 177.

 6
. Heiden,
Der Fuehrer
, pp. 384–86.

 7
. See the fascinating analysis of Hitler’s income tax returns made by Prof. Oron James Hale in
The American Historical Review
, July 1955.

 8
.
Ibid.

 9
.
Ibid.

10
. Heiden,
Der Fuehrer
, p. 419.

11
. The speech does not appear in Baynes or in Roussy de Sales’s collection of Hitler’s speeches (Hitler,
My New Order
). It was published verbatim in the
Voelkischer Beobachter
(special Reichswehr edition) on March 26, 1929, and is quoted at length in “Blueprint of the Nazi Underground,”
Research Studies of the State College of Washington
, June 1945.

12
. The quotations are from the
Frankfurter Zeitung
, September 26, 1930.

13
.
Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression
[hereafter referred to as
NCA
], Supplement A, p. 1194 (Nuremberg Document [hereafter, N.D.] EC-440).

14
. Otto Dietrich,
Mit Hitler in die Macht.

15
. Funk’s testimony,
NCA
, Suppl. A, pp. 1194–1204 (N.D. EC-440), and
NCA
, V., pp. 478–95 (N.D. 2328–PS). Thyssen’s declarations are from his book
I Paid Hitler
, pp. 79–108.

16
.
NCA
, VII, pp. 512–13 (N.D. EC-456).

 1
. According to Heiden,
Der Fuehrer
, p. 433.

 2
. Heiden,
History of National Socialism
, p. 166.

 3
.
Goebbels,
Kaiserhof
, pp. 19–20.

 4
.
Ibid.
, pp. 80–81.

 5
. Wheeler-Bennett,
Nemesis
, p. 243.

 6
. The above quotes are from Goebbels,
Kaiserhof
, pp. 81–104.

 7
. François-Poncet,
op. cit.
, p. 23.

 8
. Franz von Papen,
Memoirs
, p. 162.

 9
.
NCA
, Suppl. A, p. 508 (N.D. 3309–PS).

10
. Hermann Rauschning,
The Voice of Destruction.

11
. Goebbels was not caught napping this time, as he had been on August 13. He immediately gave the press the exchange of correspondence and it was published in the morning papers of Nov. 25. It is available in the
Jahrbuch des Oeffen-lichen Rechts
, Vol. 21, 1933–40.

12
. Papen,
op. cit.
, pp. 216–17.

13
.
Ibid.
, p. 220.

14
.
Ibid.
, p. 221.

15
. François-Poncet,
op. cit.
, p. 43. He says erroneously, “seventy days.”

16
.
NCA
, II, pp. 922–24.

17
. Kurt von Schuschnigg,
Farewell, Austria,
pp. 165–66.

18
. Meissner affidavit,
NCA
, Suppl. A, p. 511.

19
. The Hammerstein memorandum, Wheeler-Bennett’s
Nemesis
, p. 280.

20
.
Hitler’s Secret Conversations
, p. 404.

21
. Papen,
op. cit.
, pp. 243–44.

 1
.
NCA
, III, pp. 272–75 (N.D. 351–PS).

 2
. Goebbels,
Kaiserhof, p.
256.

 3
. See affidavit of Georg von Schnitzler,
NCA
, VII, p. 501 (N.D. EC-439); speeches of Goering and Hitler,
NCA
, VI, p. 1080 (N.D. D–203): Schacht’s interrogation,
NCA
, VI. p. 465 (N.D. 3725–PS); Funk’s interrogation,
NCA
, V, p. 495 (N.D. 2828–PS).

 4
. Goebbels,
Kaiserhof
, pp. 269–70.

 5
. Papen,
op. cit.
,

 6
. Rudolf Diels,
Lucifer ante Portas, p.
194.

 7
. For sources on the responsibility for the Reichstag fire see: Halder’s affidavit,
NCA
, VI, p. 635 (N.D. 3740–PS); transcript of Gisevius’ cross-examination on April 25, 1946,
Trial of the Major War Criminals
[hereafter cited as
TMWC
], XII, pp. 252–53; Diehl’s affidavit, Goering’s denial,
TMWC
, IX, pp. 432–36, and
NCA
, VI, pp. 298–99 (N.D. 3593–PS); Willy Frischauer,
The Rise and Fall of Hermann Goering
, pp. 88–95; Douglas Reed,
The Burning, of the Reichstag;
John Gunther,
Inside Europe
(Gunther attended the trial at Leipzig). There are many alleged testaments and confessions by those claiming to have participated in the Nazi firing of the Reichstag or to have positive knowledge of it, but none, so far as I know, has ever been substantiated. Of these, memoranda by Ernst Oberfohren, a Nationalist deputy, and Karl Ernst, the Berlin S.A. leader, have been given some credence. Both men were slain by the Nazis within a few months of the fire.

 8
.
NCA
, III, pp. 968–70 (N.D. 1390–PS).

 9
.
NCA
, IV, p. 496 (N.D. 1856–PS).

10
.
NCA
, V, p. 669 (N.D. 2962–PS).

11
.
Dokumente der deutschen Politik
, I, 1935, pp. 20–24.

12
. François-Poncet,
op. cit.
, p. 61.

13
. Text of law,
NCA
, IV, pp. 638–39 (N.D.2001–PS).

14
. Laws of March 31 and April 7, 1933, and January 30, 1934, all in
NCA
, IV, pp. 640–43.

15
.
NCA
, III, p. 962 (N.D. 1388–PS).

16
. Goebbels,
Kaiserhof
, p. 307.

17
.
NCA
, III, pp. 380–85 (N.D. 392–PS).

18
. Law of May 19, 1933,
NCA
, III, p. 387 (N.D.405–PS).

19
. Goebbels,
op. cit.
, p. 300.

20
. N. S.
Monatshefte
, No. 39 (June 1933).

21
. The July 1 and 6 quotations in Baynes, I, p. 287 and pp. 865–66.

22
. From a study entitled
My Relations with Adolf Hitler and the Party
, which Admiral Raeder wrote in Moscow after his capture by the Russians and which was made available at Nuremberg.
NCA
, VIII, p. 707.

23
. Baynes, I, p. 289.

24
. Spengler,
Jahre der Entscheidung
, p. viii.

25
. Blomberg’s directive,
TMWC
, XXXIV, pp. 487–91 (N.D. C–140).

26. Quoted by Telford Taylor in
Sword and Swastika
, p. 41. The Seeckt papers are now at the National Archives in Washington.

27
. The source for the “Pact of the
Deutschfond
” is
Weissbuch ueber die Erschiessung des 30 Juni, 1934
(Paris, 1935), pp. 52–53. Herbert Rosinski in his
The German Army
, pp. 222–23, confirms the terms of the pact. Bullock and Wheeler-Bennett accept it in their books on this period. The source for the May 16 meeting of the generals is Jacques Bénoist-Méchin’s
Histoire de l’Armée Allemande depuis l’Armistice
, II, pp. 553–54.

28
.
Rede des Vizekanzlers von Papen vor dem Universitaetsbund, Marburg, am 17 Juni, 1934
(Berlin: Germania-Verlag).

29
. Papen,
op. cit.
, p. 310.

30
.
NCA
, V, pp. 654–55 (N.D. 2950–PS).

31
. Papen,
op. cit.
, pp. 330–33.