The Quiet American

Dear Rene and Phuong,

I have asked permission to dedicate this book to you not only in memory of the happy evenings I have spent with you in Saigon over the last five years, but also because I have quite shamelessly borrowed the location of your flat to house one of my characters, and your name, Phuong, for the convenience of readers because it is simple, beautiful and easy to pronounce, which is not true of all your country-women’s names. You will both realise I have borrowed little else, certainly not the characters of anyone in Viet Nam. Pyle, Granger, Fowlair, Vigot, Joe-these have had no originals in the life of Saigon or Hanoi, and General The is dead: shot in the back, so they say. Even the historical events have been rearranged. For example, the big bomb near the Continental preceded and did not follow the bicycle bombs. I have no scruples about such small changes. This is a story and not a piece of history, and I hope that as a story about a few imaginary characters it will pass for both of you one hot Saigon evening

Yours affectionately,

Graham Greene

“I do not like being moved: for the will is excited; and action

Is a most dangerous thing; I tremble for something factitious, Some malpractice of heart and illegitimate process;

We’re so prone to these things, with our terrible notions of duty.”

A. H. Clough

“This is the patent age of new inventions

For killing bodies, and for saving souls,

All propagated with the best intentions.” Byron

After dinner I sat and waited for Pyle in my room over the Catinat: he had said. “I’ll be with you at latest by ten,” and when midnight had struck I couldn’t stay quiet any longer and went down into the street. A lot of old women in black trousers squatted on the landing: it was February and I suppose too hot for them in bed. One trishaw driver pedalled slowly by towards the river-front and I could see lamps burning where they had disembarked the new American planes. There was no sign of Pyle anywhere in the long street.

Of course, I told myself, he might have been detained for some reason at the American Legation, but surely in that case he would have telephoned to the restaurant-he was very meticulous about small courtesies. I turned to go in-doors when I saw a girl waiting in the next doorway. I couldn’t see her face, only the white silk trousers and the long flowered robe, but I knew her for all that. She had so

often waited for me to come home at just this place and hour. “Phuong,” I said-which means Phoenix, but nothing nowadays is fabulous and nothing rises from its ashes. I Pyle.

“He isn’t here.” j’Je-sais. Je t’ai vu seui a la fenetre.”

“You may as well wait upstairs,” I said. “He will be coming soon” I can wait here.”

“Better not. The police might pick you up.” She followed me upstairs. I thought of several ironic and unpleasant jests I might make, but neither her English nor her French would have been good enough for her to under-stand the irony, and, strange to say, I had no desire to hurt her or even to hurt myself. When we reached the landing all the old women turned their heads, and as soon as we had passed their voices rose and fell as though they were singing together.

“What are they talking about?” “They think I have come home.”

Inside my room the tree I had set up weeks ago for the Chinese New Year had shed most of its yellow blossoms. They had fallen between the keys of my typewriter. I picked them out. “Tues trouble,” Philong said. “It’s unlike him. He’s such a punctual man.” I took off my tie and my shoes and lay down on the bed. Phuong lit the gas stove and began to boil the water for tea. It might have been six months ago. “He says you are going away soon now,” she said. “Perhaps.” “He is very fond of you.” “Thank him for nothing,” I said.

I saw that she was doing her hair differently, allowing it to fall black and straight over her shoulders. I remembered that Pyle had once criticised the elaborated hairdressing which she thought became the daughter of a mandarin. I shut my eyes and she was again the same as she used to be: she was the hiss of steam, the clink of a cup, she was a certain hour of the night and the promise of rest.

“He will not be long,” she said as though I needed comfort for his absence.

I wondered what they talked about together: Pyle was very earnest and I had suffered from his lectures on the Far East, which he had known for as many months as I had years. Democracy was another subject of his, and he had pronounced and aggravating views on what the United States was doing for the world. Phuong on the other hand was wonderfully ignorant: if Hitler had come into the conversation she would have interrupted to ask who he was. The explanation would be made more difficult because she had never met a German or a Pole and had only the vaguest knowledge of European geography, though about Princess Margaret of course she knew more than I. I heard her put a tray down on the end of the bed. “Is he still in love with you, Phuong?” To take an Annamite to bed with you is like taking a bird: they twitter and sing on your pillow. There had been a time when I thought none of their voices sang like Phuong’s. I put out my band and touched her arm-their bones too were as fragile as a bird’s. “Is he, Phuong?”

She laughed and I heard her strike a match.

“In love?”- perhaps it was one of the phrases she didn’t understand.

“May I make your pipe?” she asked.

When I opened my eyes she had lit the lamp and the tray was already prepared. The lamplight made her skin the colour of dark amber as she bent over the flame with a frown of concentration, heating the small paste of opium, twirling her needle.

“Does Pyle still not smoke?” I asked her,

“No.”

“You ought to make him or he won’t come back.” It was a superstition among them that a lover who smoked would always return, even from France. A man’s sexual capacity might be injured by smoking, but they would always prefer a faithful to a potent lover. Now she was kneading the little ball of hot paste on the convex margin of the bowl and I could smell the opium. There is no smell like it. Beside the bed my alarm-clock showed twelve-twenty, but already my tension was over. Pyle had diminished. The lamp lit her face as she tended the long pipe, bent above it with the serious attention she might have given to a child. I was fond of my ‘pipe: more than two feet of straight bamboo, ivory at either end. Two-thirds of the way down was the bowl, like a convolvulus reversed, the convex margin polished and darkened by the frequent kneading of the opium. Now with a flick of the wrist she plunged the needle into the tiny cavity, released the opium and reversed the bowl over the flame, holding the pipe steady for me. The bead of opium bubbled gently and smoothly as I inhaled.

The practised inhaler can draw a whole pipe down in one breath, but I always had to take several pulls. Then I lay back, with my neck on the leather pillow, while she prepared the second pipe.

I said, “You know, really, it’s as clear as daylight. Pyle knows I smoke a few pipes before bed, and he doesn’t want to disturb me. He’ll be round in the morning.”

In went the needle and I took my second pipe. As I laid it down, I said,

“Nothing to worry about. Nothing to I worry about at all.” I took a sip of tea and held my hand in the pit of her arm.

“When you left me,” I said, “it was lucky I had this to fall back on. There’s a good house in the rue d’Ormay. What a fuss we Europeans make about nothing. You shouldn’t live with a man who doesn’t smoke, Phuong.”

“But he’s going to marry me,” she said. “Soon now.” “Of course, that’s another matter.” “Shall I make your pipe again?” “Yes.”

I wondered whether she would consent to sleep with me that night if Pyle never came, but I knew that when I had smoked four pipes I would no longer want her. Of course it would be agreeable to feel her thigh beside me in the bed-she always slept on her back, and when I woke in the morning I could start the day with a pipe, instead of with my own company. “Pyle won’t come now,” I said. “Stay here, Phuong.” She held the pipe out to me and shook her head. By the time I had drawn the opium in, her presence or absence mattered very little. “Why is Pyle not here?” she asked.

“How do I know?” I said. “Did he go to see General The?” “I wouldn’t know.”

“He told me if he could not have dinner with you, he would come here.”

“Don’t worry. He’ll come. Make me another pipe.” When she bent over the flame the poem of Baudelaire’s came into my mind: “Mon enfant, ma soeur....” How did it go on?

“Aimer a loisir, Aimer et mourir Aupaysquiteressemble.”

Out on the waterfront slept the ships, “don’t l’humeur estvagabonde.” I thought that if I smelt her skin it would have the faintest fragrance of opium, and her colour was that of the small flame. I had seen the flowers on her dress beside the canals in the north, she was indigenous like a herb, and I never wanted to go home.

“I wish I were Pyle,” I said aloud, but the pain was limited and bearable-the opium saw to that. Somebody knocked on the door. “Pyle,” she said. “No. It’s not his knock.”

Somebody knocked again impatiently. She got quickly up, shaking the yellow tree so that it showered its petals again over my typewriter. The door opened. “Monsieur Fowlair,” a voice commanded.

“I’m Fowlair,” I said. I was not going to get up for a policeman-I could see his khaki shorts without lifting my head.

He explained in almost unintelligible Vietnamese French that I was needed immediately-at once-rapidly—at the Surete.

“At the French Surete or the Vietnamese?” “The French.” In his mouth the word sounded like “Franking.” “What about?”

He didn’t know: it was his orders to fetch me. “Toi aussi,” he said to Phuong.

“Say vous When you speak to a lady,” I told him. “How did you know she was here?” He only repeated that they were his orders. “I’ll come in the morning?”

“Sur ie chung,” he said, a little, neat, obstinate figure. There wasn’t any point in arguing, so I got up and put on my tie and shoes. Here the police had the last word: they could withdraw my order of circulation: they could have me barred from Press Conferences: they could even, if they chose, refuse me an exit permit. These were the open legal methods, but legality was not essential in a country at war. I knew a man who had suddenly and inexplicably lost his cook-he had traced him to the Vietnamese Surete, but the officers there assured him that he had been released after questioning. His family never saw him again: perhaps he had joined the Communists: perhaps he had been enlisted in one of the private armies which flourished round Saigon-the Hoa-Haos or the Caodaists or General The. Perhaps he was in a French prison. Perhaps he was happily making money out of girls in Cholon, the Chinese suburb. Perhaps his heart had given way when they questioned him. I said, “I’m not going to walk. You’ll have to pay for a trishaw.” One had to keep one’s dignity.

That was why I refused a cigarette from the French officer at the Surete. After three pipes I felt my mind clear and alert: it could take such decisions easily without losing sight of the main question-what do they want from me? I had met Vigot before several times at parties-I had noticed him because he appeared incongruously in love with his wife, who ignored him, a flashy and false blonde. Now it was two in the morning and he sat tired and depressed in the cigarette smoke and the heavy heat, wearing a green eye-shade, and he had a volume of Pascal open on his desk to while away the time. When I refused to allow him to question Phuong without me he gave way at once, with a single sigh that might have represented his weariness with Saigon, with the heat, or with the whole human condition.

He said in English, “I’m so sorry I had to ask you to come.”

“I wasn’t asked, I was ordered.”

“Oh, these native police-they don’t understand.” His eyes were on a page of Les Pensees as though he were still absorbed in those sad arguments. “I wanted to ask you a few questions-about Pyle.” “You had better ask him the questions.”

He turned to Phuong and interrogated her sharply in French. “How long have you lived with Monsieur Pyle?”

“A month-I don’t know” she said, “How much has he paid you?”

“You’ve no right to ask her.-that,” I said. “She’s not for sale.”
 

“She used to live with you, didn’t she?” he asked abruptly. “For two years.”

“I’m a correspondent who’s supposed to report your war-when. you let him. Don’t ask me to contribute to your scandal sheet as well.”.

“What do you know about Pyle? Please answer my questions, M. Fowlair. I don’t want to ask them. But this is serious. Please believe me it is very serious.”

“I’m not an informer. You know all I can tell you about Pyle. Age thirty-two, employed in the Economic Aid Mission, nationality American.”

“You sound like a friend of his,” Vigot said, looking past me at Phuong. A native policeman came in with three Clips of black coffee.

“Or would you rather have tea?” Vigot asked. “I am a friend,” I said. “Why not? I shall be going home one day, won’t I? I can’t take her with me. She’ll be all right with him. It’s a reasonable arrangement. And he’s going to marry her, he says. He might, you know. He’s a good chap in his way. Serious. Not one of those noisy bastards at the Continental. A quiet American,” I summed him precisely up as I might have said, ‘a blue lizard,’ ‘a white elephant.’

Vigot said, “Yes.” He seemed to be looking for words on his desk with which to convey his meaning as precisely as I had done. “A very quiet American.” He sat there in the little hot office waiting for one of us to speak. A mosquito droned to the attack, and I watched Phuong. Opium makes you quick-witted- perhaps only because it calms the nerves and stills the emotions. Nothing, not even death, seems so important. Phuong, I thought, had, not caught his tone, melancholy and final, and her English was very bad. While she sat there on the hard office-chair, she was still waiting patiently for Pyle. I had at that moment given up waiting, and I could see Vigot taking those two facts in.
             
.

“How did you meet him first?” Vigot asked me. Why should I explain to him that it was Pyle who had met me? I had seen him last September coming across the square towards the bar of the Continental: an unmistakably young and unused face flung at us like a dart. With his gangly legs and his crew-cut and his wide campus gaze he seemed incapable of harm. The tables on the street were most of them full. “Do you mind?” he had asked with serious courtesy. “My name’s Pyle. I’m new here,” and he had folded himself around a chair and ordered a beer. Then he looked quickly up into the hard noon glare.