The Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary

THE
PROFESSOR
AND THE
MADMAN

A Tale of Murder, Insanity, and the Making
of the
Oxford English Dictionary

Simon Winchester

To the memory of G. M.

CONTENTS

Preface

1. The Dead of Night in Lambeth Marsh   

2. The Man Who Taught Latin to Cattle   

3. The Madness of War   

4. Gathering Earth’s Daughters   

5. The Big Dictionary Conceived   

6. The Scholar in Cell Block Two   

7. Entering the Lists   

8. Annulated, Art, Brick-Tea, Buckwheat   

9. The Meeting of Minds   

10. The Unkindest Cut   

11. Then Only the Monuments   

Postscript

Author’s Note

Acknowledgments

Suggestions for Further Reading

P.S. Insights, Interviews, & More…

Praise

Other Books by Simon Winchester

Credits

Copyright

About the Publisher

PREFACE

Mysterious
(mist
·ri
s),
a.
[f. L.
myst
rium
M
YSTERY
¹
+
OUS
. Cf. F.
mystérieux
.]

1
. Full of or fraught with mystery; wrapt in mystery; hidden from human knowledge or understanding; impossible or difficult to explain, solve, or discover; of obscure origin, nature, or purpose.

Popular myth has it that one of the most remarkable conversations in modern literary history took place on a cool and misty late autumn afternoon in 1896, in the small village of Crowthorne in the county of Berkshire.

One of the parties to the colloquy was the formidable Dr. James Murray, the editor of the
Oxford English Dictionary
. On the day in question he had traveled fifty miles by train from Oxford to meet an enigmatic figure named Dr. W. C. Minor, who was among the most prolific of the thousands of volunteer contributors whose labors lay at the core of the dictionary’s creation.

For very nearly twenty years beforehand these two men had corresponded regularly about the finer points of English lexicography, but they had never met. Dr. Minor seemed never willing or able to leave his home at Crowthorne, never willing to come to Oxford. He was unable to offer any kind of explanation, or to do more than offer his regrets.

Dr. Murray, who himself was rarely free from the burdens of his work at his dictionary headquarters, the famous Scriptorium in Oxford, had nonetheless long dearly wished to see and thank his mysterious and intriguing helper. And particularly so by the late 1890s, with the dictionary well on its way to being half completed: Official honors were being showered upon all its creators, and Murray wanted to make sure that all those involved—even men so apparently bashful as Dr. Minor—were recognized for the valuable work they had done. He decided he would pay a visit.

Once he had made up his mind to go, he telegraphed his intentions, adding that he would find it most convenient to take a train that arrived at Crowthorne Station—then actually known as Wellington College Station, since it served the famous boys’ school situated in the village—just after two on a certain Wednesday in November. Dr. Minor sent a wire by return to say that he was indeed expected and would be made most welcome. On the journey from Oxford the weather was fine; the trains were on time; the auguries, in short, were good.

At the railway station a polished landau and a liveried coachman were waiting, and with James Murray aboard they clip-clopped back through the lanes of rural Berkshire. After twenty minutes or so the carriage turned up a long drive lined with tall poplars, drawing up eventually outside a huge and rather forbidding red-brick mansion. A solemn servant showed the lexicographer upstairs, and into a book-lined study, where behind an immense mahogany desk stood a man of undoubted importance. Dr. Murray bowed gravely, and launched into the brief speech of greeting that he had so long rehearsed:

“A very good afternoon to you, sir. I am Dr. James Murray of the London Philological Society, and Editor of the
Oxford English Dictionary
. It is indeed an honour and a pleasure to at long last make your acquaintance—for you must be, kind sir, my most assiduous helpmeet, Dr. W. C. Minor?”

There was a brief pause, a momentary air of mutual embarrassment. A clock ticked loudly. There were muffled footsteps in the hall. A distant clank of keys. And then the man behind the desk cleared his throat, and he spoke:

“I regret, kind sir, that I am not. It is not at all as you suppose. I am in fact the Governor of the Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum. Dr. Minor is most certainly here. But he is an inmate. He has been a patient here for more than twenty years. He is our longest-staying resident.”

Although the official government files relating to this case are secret, and have been locked away for more than a century, I have recently been allowed to see them. What follows is the strange, tragic, yet spiritually uplifting story they reveal.

1

THE DEAD OF NIGHT
IN LAMBETH MARSH

Murder
(
),
sb.
Forms: a. I morþor, -ur, 3–4 morþre, 3–4, 6 murthre, 4 myrþer, 4–6 murthir, morther, 5
Sc.
murthour, murthyr, 5–6 murthur, 6 mwrther,
Sc.
morthour, 4–9 (now
dial
. and
Hist.
or
arch.
) murther; β. 3–5 murdre, 4–5 moerdre, 4–6 mordre, 5 moordre, 6 murdur, mourdre, 6– murder. [OE.
morþor
neut. (with pl. of masc. form
morþras
) = Goth.
maurþr
neut.:-OTeut. *
murþro
^m
:-pre-Teut. *
mrtro-m
, f. root *
mer-: mor-: mr
- to die, whence L.
mor
to die,
mors (morti-)
death, Gr.
,
 mortal, Skr.
  to die,
mará
masc.,
mrti
fem., death,
márta
mortal, OSl.
m
ti
, Lith.
mirti
to die, Welsh
marw
, Irish
marþ
dead.