The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History 1300-1850 (42 page)

12. Kinealy, A Death-Dealing Famine, 46.

13. Bourke, The Visitation of God?, 18. The quote is from the Irish Agricultural
Magazine, 1798: 186. For the history of the potato, see both this work and Salaman,
The History and Social Influence of the Potato, which remains the definitive source,
with the author charmingly remarking that "nothing short of mental instability,
could excuse a lifelong attachment to the study of so banal a subject" (p. xxxi). Larry
Zuckerman, The Potato: How the Humble Spud Rescued the Western World (London:
Faber and Faber, 1998) is a popular, uncritical account.

14. Quoted by Bourke, The Visitation of God.? 24.

15. Quoted in ibid., 67.

16. Ibid., 69.

17. Ibid., 26.

18. Kinealy, A Death-Dealing Famine, 52.

19. Woodham-Smith, ibid., 91.

20. Ibid., 155.

21. Ibid., 162.

22. The closing section of this chapter is based on Lamb, Climate, History and the
Modern World. Quote is from page 247.

PART IV THE MODERN WARM PERIOD

The quote by Hubert Lamb is from his Climate, History and the Modern World,
375.

CHAPTER 12

The quote by John Houghton is from his Global Warming: The Complete Briefing,
2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 1.

1. Lamb, Climate, History and the Modern World, 239-241 is the source for this
passage.

2. Hans Neuberger, "Climate in Art," Weather 25 (2) (1970): 46-56.

3. This passage draws on Brian Fagan, Clash of Cultures (Walnut Creek, Calif.:
Altamira Press, 1998), Chapter 16.

4. Based on Alexander T. Wilson, "Isotope Evidence for Past Climatic and Environmental Change," in Rotberg and Rabb, Climate and History, 215-232. See also:
Richard H. Grove, Ecology, Climate, and Empire: Colonialism and Global Environmental History 1400-1940 (Cambridge, Eng.: White House Press, 1997).

5. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans."
Quotes from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Illustrated Sherlock Holmes Treasury (New
York: Avenal Books, 1984), 793.

6. Guy de la Bedoyere, ed., The Diary of John Evelyn (Woodbridge, England:
Boydell Press, 1995), 267. An excellent biography of King Charles II: Antonia
Fraser, Royal Charles: Charles II and the Restoration (New York, Alfred A. Knopf,
1979).

7. Neuberger, "Climate in Art," 52.

8. This passage draws on Lamb, op. cit. (1982), Chapters 13 and 14. Quote:
Brian Walter Fagan, Letters ofan Ordinary Gentleman, 1914-16 (Manuscript in possession of the author dated 1921), entry for November 14, 1915.

9. Lamb, op. cit. (1982), Chapter 13.

10. William K. Stevens, The Change in the Weather (New York: Delacorte Press,
2000), Chapter 8, provides an account of this memorable hearing. Stevens's book offers an admirable summary of the history of global warming research.

11. The best summary of global warming effects is in Houghton, Global Warming.

12. Excellent information on annual temperature records for the 1990s and later
can be found on the Web: www.ncdc.noaa.gov is the home page for the National
Climate Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, with links to other global data
centers.

13. Timothy J. Osborn, et al., "The Winter North Atlantic Oscillation," Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, 1999.

14. R. Howe, et al., "Dynamic Variations at the Base of the Solar Convection
Zone," Science (287): 2456-2460.

15. Eric Posmentier, et al., available at www.elsevier.com/journals/newast.

16. www.csfcoloradu.edu/bioregional/99/msgOO355.html.

17. Extended discussion in Houghton, Global Warming, Chapters 7ff.

18. James Hansen, Makiko Sato, Reto Ruedy, Andrew Lacis, and Valdar Oinas,
"Global Warming in the Twenty-First Century: An Alternative scenario," Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences 10 (2000):1073-1083.

19. From a BBC Broadcast. Quoted by Houghton, ibid., 151.