The Lady in Gold (56 page)

  
1
DOCTORS HAD “EUTHANIZED” SUSI:
Rinesch, memoir.

  
2
ADA SAT ON A TRUNK:
Rinesch, memoir.

  
3
“SO THE WHOLE BLOCH-BAUER FAMILY”:
Rinesch, memoir.

  
1
BUT FORST THREATENED TO QUIT:
Charles Higham,
Marlene: The Life of Marlene Dietrich
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1977), p. 68.

  
2
UCICKY'S BOSS, COUNT SASCHA, BECAME OBSESSED:
Ibid.

  
3
“SPONSORING MEMBER OF THE SS”:
Czernin,
Die Falschung,
p. 210.

  
4
IN 1934, UCICKY'S
REFUGEES
WAS AWARDED:
David Welch,
Propaganda and the German Cinema, 1933–1945
(London: Tauris, 2001), p. 108.

  
5
HIS NEXT FILM,
MORGENROT:
Brigid Haines, Stephen Parker, and Colin Riordan,
Aesthetics and Politics in Modern German Culture
(Oxford and New York: Peter Lang, 2010), p. 80.

  
6
“FOR ME, THE AIR STINKS”:
Andreas Hutter and Klaus Kamolz,
Billy Wilder: Eine europäische Karriere
(Vienna: Bohlau, 1998). “Die Luft stinkt fur mich mit einmen Nazi im Zimmer” (p. 199).

  
7
RICHARD STRAUSS'S OPERA
FRIEDENSTAG:
Time
magazine, June 19, 1939.

  
8
“DO YOU SUPPOSE MOZART”:
Bryan Randolph Gilliam,
The Life of Richard Strauss
(Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 149.

  
9
HE WAVED OVER OPERA SINGER HANS HOTTER:
Hans Hotter, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Zubin Mehta, and Donald Arthur,
Hans Hotter: Memoirs
(Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England, 2006), p. 101.

10
“A HANDFUL OF GERMAN PEOPLE”:
Welch,
Propaganda,
p. 110.

11
“THE WORST PROPAGANDA FEATURE”:
Heidi M. Schlipphacke,
Nostalgia After
Nazism: History, Home, and Affect in German and Austrian Literature and Film
(Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2010), p. 83.

  
1
THE FATE OF THE BLOCH-BAUER KLIMTS:
Czernin,
Die Falschung,
p. 153.

  
2
FÜHRER WOULD COMPILE A DISTINGUISHED ROSTER:
Ibid., p. 143. See also Lillie and Gaugusch,
Portrait,
p. 76; Lillie reports that Führer's clients included the banker Louis Rothschild, Sigmund Freud's brother Alexander Freud, and four sisters of Freud who were deported and murdered.

  
3
THEY MAY NOT HAVE BEEN AWARE:
Czernin,
Die Falschung,
pp. 153, 154; Lillie and Gaugusch,
Portrait,
p. 72.

  
4
“UGLY JEW”:
Czernin,
Die Falschung,
p. 185.

  
5
FERDINAND HAD DONATED:
Petropoulos, “Report of Professor Jonathan Petropoulos,” p. 10.

  
6
NAZI-APPOINTED “REPRESENTATIVE”:
Austria arbitration decision, January 2006, p. 41.

  
7
“AWE-INSPIRING PORTRAIT”:
Pirchan,
Gustav Klimt,
pp. 65, 66. Belvedere provenance researcher Monika Mayer and Klimt expert Alice Strobl confirm that this passage celebrates the acquisition of the gold portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer.

  
8
DAME IN GOLD:
Ibid., illustration 105.

  
9
“
HEIL
KLIMT THE HERO
!
”:
Ibid., p. 99.

  
1
THE BACHOFEN-ECHT BROTHERS:
Marianne Kirstein-Jacobs, interviews with Stanislaus Bachofen-Echt.

  
2
ELISABETH LEFT THE ISRAELITE COMMUNITY:
Natter and Frodl,
Klimt's Women,
p. 134.

  
3
“WOLFGANG DID NOT MARRY”:
Rinesch, memoir.

  
4
“INSANE FEAR”:
Rinesch, memoir.

  
5
IT COULD HARDLY HAVE BEEN REASSURING:
SS file of Eberhard Bachofen-Echt, the National Archives, College Park, MD. Bachofen-Echt applied in March 1938. His qualifications included membership in the Nazi Party in 1933, joining the SA brownshirts in 1934, and a lengthy investigation of his Aryan pedigree, completed Dec. 1, 1938. On Feb. 23, 1939, his file declared that there were “no obstacles” to his membership.

  
6
“THE STRICKEN MOTHER REFUSED”:
Rinesch, memoir.

  
7
ON AUGUST 17, HE UNILATERALLY DIVORCED:
Lillie,
Was einmal,
p. 145; Natter and Frodl,
Klimt's Women,
p. 134.

  
8
WOLFGANG MAY HAVE KEPT A SECRET:
Lillie,
Was einmal,
p. 145.

  
1
“MY MEMORIES OF GUSTAV KLIMT”:
All quotations from Elisabeth Bachofen-Echt in this chapter come from her memoir, dated April 1939.

  
2
ACCORDING TO A PERHAPS APOCRYPHAL ACCOUNT:
Rinesch, memoir.

  
3
“JEWISH CHARACTERISTICS”:
Report of the Reichstelle for Genealogical Research, signed by Paul Schultze-Naumburg, Mar. 18, 1940.

  
4
HER JEWELRY WAS TAKEN AND SOLD:
Lillie,
Was einmal,
p. 145.

  
5
“WHY MUST IT BE THE PAINTINGS?”:
Ibid., p. 662.

  
6
IN MARCH 1940, ELISABETH FINALLY OBTAINED:
Certificate signed by Schultze-Naumburg for the Reichsstelle for Genealogical Research.

  
7
ELISABETH WAS DECLARED A
MISCHLING:
Schultze-Naumburg, certificate. Copy provided courtesy of Marianne Kirstein-Jacobs.

  
1
IN JUNE 1940, AS THE GERMAN ARMY APPROACHED PARIS:
Firsthand account of Emile Zuckerkandl, June 24, 2006, and subsequent telephone interviews.

  
2
“WHY DON'T YOU GIVE UP”:
Emile Zuckerkandl, interviews.

  
3
THE CAPTAIN WAS:
Emile Zuckerkandl, interviews. Similar accounts appear in Arnold Geier,
Heroes of the Holocaust
(New York: Berkley Books, 1998), p. 257.

  
4
THERE WAS A SMALL CANNON:
Emile Zuckerkandl, interviews.

  
5
THE REFUGEES BEGAN TO SING THE “MARSEILLAISE”:
Emile Zuckerkandl, interviews, 2006–2011.

  
6
THE ELEGANT FRENCH WRITER ARRIVED:
Emile Zuckerkandl, interviews.

  
1
“DEAR FRIEND AND PROFESSOR”:
Letter from Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer to Oskar Kokoschka, Apr. 2, 1941, in the holdings of the Zentralbibliotek Zürich Nachlass O. Kokoschka (English translation from Randol Schoenberg's lawsuit, p. 13).

  
1
A BRITISH INTELLIGENCE OFFICER:
Interviews with Rudy Gelse, a cousin of Nelly Auersperg, whose family shared the Gutmann manor in Belisce from Feb. 22, 2007, to 2011, by telephone.

  
2
IN MAY, AN USTASHA GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL:
Baron Viktor Gutmann: His Trial and Death
(a “translation of a paper written by Baron Gutmann in a Zagreb prison after he had been condemned to death”), family archives. Courtesy of Nelly Auersperg.

  
3
“TO SETTLE THE MATTER OF THE SHARES”:
Ibid.

  
4
THEY SUMMONED VIKTOR AND ERNO:
Ibid.

  
5
A FEW HOURS LATER:
Ibid. Also, interviews with Maria Altmann and Dr. Edward Auersperg.

  
1
HEYDRICH MARRIED LINA VON OSTEN:
Gerald Reitlinger,
The Alibi of a Nation, 1922–1945
(New York: Da Capo Press, 1989), p. 34.

  
2
LINA AND HER BROTHER HAD BEEN:
Callum MacDonald,
The Killing of Reinhard Heydrich: The SS “Butcher of Prague
” (New York: Da Capo Press, 1998), p. 14.

  
3
HEYDRICH, A CAROUSING PHILANDERER:
Joachim Fest,
The Face of the Third Reich
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1970), p. 337.

  
4
HE WAS EXPELLED BY THE NAVY:
Ibid. See also Anthony Read,
The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2004), p. 310.

  
5
IN JUNE 1931, HEYDRICH FOUND HIMSELF:
MacDonald,
The Killing of Reinhard Heydrich,
p. 18.

  
6
HIS RIVALS BELIEVED:
Reitlinger,
The Alibi,
p. 33.

  
7
THEY BADLY BOTCHED:
Ibid., p. 32.

  
8
PEOPLE WHISPERED ABOUT:
Ibid., p. 33.

  
9
EVEN HEYDRICH'S FELLOW OFFICERS:
Steven Lehrer,
Wannsee House and the Holocaust
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2000), p. 55.

10
ON MAY 27, HEYDRICH OPENED:
MacDonald,
The Killing of Reinhard Heydrich,
p. 170.

11
“GET THAT BASTARD
!” Ibid., p. 172.

12
HEYDRICH DIED OF INFECTION:
Ibid., p. 178.

13
REVENGE WAS SWIFT:
Callum MacDonald and Jan Kaplan,
Prague in the Shadow of the Swastika
(Prague: Melantich, 1995), p. 132.

14
THE SURVIVING WOULD-BE ASSASSINS:
William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1960), p. 196.

15
THE NAZIS ROUNDED UP:
Richard J. Evans,
The Third Reich at War
(New York: Penguin, 2009), p. 278.

16
FERDINAND CONTACTED AN OLD FRIEND:
Ruth Pleyer, interviews, April 2007.

17
THE DEAL SOURED SOMEWHAT:
MacDonald,
The Killing of Reinhard Heydrich,
p. 198.

  
1
“AFTER A SLEEPLESS NIGHT”:
Omer Bartov,
Holocaust: Origins, Implementation, Aftermath
(London: Routledge, 2000), p. 187.

  
2
“SHOOTING EXERCISES”:
Ibid., p. 202.

  
3
HE WOULD IDLY LOOK OUT:
Ficowski,
Regions of the Great Heresy,
p. 164.

  
4
“FINE, SO I'LL JUST PLAY”:
Irena Steinfeldt,
How Was It Humanly Possible?: A Study of Perpetrators and Bystanders During the Holocaust,
vol. 1 (Jerusalem: International School for Holocaust Studies at Yad Vashem; Laxton, Newark, Nottinghamshire, UK: Beth Shalom Holocaust Memorial Centre, 2002), p. 63.

  
5
“THERE WERE ROWS OF JEWS”:
Bartov,
Holocaust,
p. 189.

  
6
“THE THOUGHT OF YOU”:
Ficowski,
Regions of the Great Heresy,
p. 135.

  
7
BUT ANNA AND HER HUSBAND WERE SEIZED:
Ibid.

  
8
HE TOLD AN ACQUAINTANCE:
Ibid., pp. 136–37.

  
9
IN NOVEMBER 1942:
Ibid., p. 137.

10
“YOU KILLED MY JEW”:
Ibid., p. 138.

  
1
“IT USED TO BE CALLED PLUNDERING”:
Petropoulos,
Art as Politics in the Third Reich,
p. 195.

  
2
FERDINAND BEGAN TO REWRITE:
Petropoulos, “Report of Professor Jonathan Petropoulos,” p. 20.

  
3
“IN AN ILLEGAL MANNER”:
Claims Resolution Tribunal, Certified Award Re: Account of Österreichische Zuckerindustry AG Syndicate, Apr. 13, 2005, p. 23.

  
4
“THE SITUATION HAS CHANGED”:
Melissa Müller and Monika Tatzkow,
Lost Lives, Lost Art: Jewish Collectors, Nazi Art Theft, and the Quest for Justice
(New York: Vendome, 2010).

  
5
IN FEBRUARY, ZWEIG HAD LEFT:
Leo Spitzer,
Lives In Between: Assimilation and Marginality
in Austria, Brazil, and West Africa, 1780–1945
(Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 171.

  
6
“THE WORLD OF MY OWN LANGUAGE”:
Zweig,
World of Yesterday,
p. 437.

  
7
THEN ZWEIG AND HIS WIFE:
Ibid.

  
1
“THIS GENIUS GRAZING THE STARS”:
Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 253.

  
2
SCHIRACH HAD SPONSORED AN EXHIBITION:
Petropoulos,
Faustian Bargain,
p. 126.

  
3
LIKE OTHER TOP NAZIS:
Ibid.

  
4
SCHIRACH BOUGHT WORKS DIRECTLY:
Ibid., p. 195.

  
5
AS THE SHOW OPENED, CARL MOLL:
Alice Strobl, interviews, Nov. 3, 2006.

  
6
“VERY SAD, THAT YOU STAYED”:
Czernin,
Die Falschung,
p. 405. The titles of the paintings are listed in the guide to the show:
Gustav Klimt, Ausstellung 7. Februar bis 7 Marz 1943, at the Ausstellungshaus Friedrichstrasse Ehemalige Secession, by the Veranstalter: Der Reichsstatthalter in Wien.
The text of the catalogue was written by Fritz Novotny. A copy of the exhibition catalogue provided courtesy of the Belvedere.

  
7
“OWNERS OF THE KLIMT WORKS”:
Exhibition catalogue.

  
8
“MY FÜHRER, I REPORT TO YOU”:
Ivar Oxaal, Michael Pollak, and Gerhard Botz,
Jews, Antisemitism, and Culture in Vienna
(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987), p. 238.

  
9
IT HUNG NEAR:
Petropoulos, “Report of Professor Jonathan Petropoulos,” p. 10.