The Invisible History of the Human Race (47 page)

principal components analysis (PCA), 167

privacy laws, 88–89

Promethease, 207

proteins, 291

Punch, John, 40

purity, 60

racial,
see
racial purity

Pygmies, 255

Quebec, 133–35

Quoidbach, Jordi, 28–29, 33

QWERTY keyboard, 12

race, 236–39, 241, 311

ancestry and, 239, 263

defining, 238

facial recognition and, 283–84

genome and, 236–38

marriage laws and, 269–70

“one drop” rule and, 60

personalized, 263

triracial groups, 271

racial purity, 60, 65, 71

Nazi Germany and, 67, 72–74

racism, 233–34, 235, 238

Grant and, 56, 58

radioactive waste, 120–21

Ralph, Peter, 213–14, 216–17, 220, 222

records, 87, 91, 92, 110, 111–38

in Australia, 88, 91–92, 135–38

birth certificates, 87, 88–89

in Canada, 133–35

census data, 41, 47, 128–29, 133

in China, 94–96, 127

destruction of, 92–93

Domesday Book, 118–20

genealogy companies and,
see
genealogy companies

in Iceland, 120, 132–33

of institutionalized children, 87–92

in Ireland, 106, 107, 118

in Italy, 116

in Niue, 117

preservation methods and, 117–22

privacy laws and, 88–89

Reed, Paul, 45

Reich, David, 249–50, 252, 253

Republic, The
(Plato), 49

Returned & Service’s League, Parramatta, Australia, 17–19, 22

Revolutionary War, 40–41, 43

Rh factor, 162–63

rice-growing cultures, 153–54

Robinson, Mark, 168–74, 176–78

Robinson, Thomas, 179–83

Roman Britain, 170–73

Romans, 36, 59, 169, 170, 172, 213,
222, 295

Roosevelt, Theodore, 56

Roots
(Haley), 47–48

Roth, Wendy, 25–26, 27, 131–32,
242–44

Rymanów, 25

Saguenay, 134

St. Anne’s College, Oxford, 161

Salem witch trials, 35

Saltonstall, Leverett, 39, 41

Samaritans, 295–96

diseases in, 296, 299–300

San Francisco earthquake, 118

Sanghera, Sathnam, 20

Sarkar, Gudrun, 78–79

Saxons, 168–74, 177

Schurer, Kevin, 128–29

Science,
233

Scotland, 169

clans in, 187–91

Orkney, 159–61, 164, 166–67, 169, 172, 176–77

surnames in, 192–93

Scott, Richard, 277

Searching for My Source
(Borjigin), 93

seeing, 259

senses, 259

September 11 terrorist attacks, 115, 156–57

Seven Up,
136

sexual selection, 283

Shakespeare, William, 121–22, 267, 320

Shapira, Emmanuel, 298

Sheedy, Leonie, 91

sheep, 49–51, 59, 107

shifting cultivation, 152

Shriver, Mark, 284

Siberia, 249, 250, 254, 277

sickle-cell anemia, 302

single nucleotide polymorphisms, xi

skin color, 284–85

Slaughterhouse-Five
(Vonnegut)
,
67

slavery, 40, 41, 47, 92, 139–46, 151, 157, 158, 256–57, 260

betrayal and distrust and, 143–46, 150–51

economies and, 142–43, 145

genome and, 260

slime mold, 290, 291

smelling, 259

Smith, Joseph, 46, 113

SNPedia, 207

social institutions, 157

Society of Colonial Wars, 56

Society of the Cincinnati, 41, 44

Somalia, 32

Somersby, Horatio Gates, 45

Sorenson, James LeVoy, 203–6, 223–24

Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF), 206–7, 232

Spenser, Edmund, 272–73

Spiro, Jonathan Peter, 56

starch, 258–59

sterilization, 64, 72, 75

Stürmer,
149

surnames, 191–99

in England, 192–99

in Ireland, 192, 198–99, 200–201

in Mongolia, 93, 191–92

patronymic, 192

Ryan, 198

Smith, 197, 198, 199

Y chromosomes and, 193–98, 200–201

Švencionys, Lithuania, 25

Sykes, Bryan, 179

Tabellini, Guido, 156, 223

TallBear, Kim, 233–34

Tasmania, 96–97, 99–105, 107–8

Founders and Survivors and, 135–38

Tasmania’s Convicts
(Alexander), 101

taste, 259

Tay-Sachs disease, 297–99, 301

technology, 152

invention of plow, 152–53

in preservation of records, 118–22

teeth, 278

shovel, 273, 277–278, 279

TheGeneticGenealogist.com, 211

“This Be the Verse” (Larkin), 139

Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings:
An American Controversy
(Gordon-Reed), 226

Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 227

Thomas Woodson Family Association,
228, 229

Thurmond, Strom, 24, 124

Times
(London), 20, 138, 182

Tinkham, Lydia, 35

Toba, Indonesia, 248

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 102

traits, 161–62, 278, 303, 311

dental, 273, 277–78, 279

eye color, 278, 285

facial, 279–81, 282–84

height, 278, 303–4

in Ireland, 282

in Melungeons, 273, 277

Mendelian, 278

in Native Americans, 282

palatal torus, 273, 279

polygenic, 278

skin color, 284–85

Trinity College Dublin, 195

Trojan horses, 31

trust, 154, 156, 157

distrust in Africa, 143–46, 150–51, 156

economies and, 144–45, 156

in Italy, 156

Turkey, 192

Twain, Mark, 179

23andMe, 207, 210, 212, 217, 306–7, 308, 310, 316–17

twins, x, 8

studies of, x, 54

Umbrella
(Self), 30

U.S. News & World Report,
229

U.S.–Venezuela Collaborative Research Project, 288

Utah, 205–6

Van Diemen’s Land, 2, 96–97, 98, 100, 104, 109, 136

Verkler, Jay, 114–16, 122–23

Vikings, 2, 10, 172, 176, 177, 193–95, 221, 261–62, 318

vitamin D, 284, 285

Voigtländer, Nico, 148–50

volcano in Toba, Indonesia, 248

Vonnegut, Kurt, 67

Voth, Hans-Joachim, 148–50

Wagner, Jennifer, 244–45

Walking Toward the Sunset
(Winkler), 273

Walters, Barbara, 7

Wantchekon, Leonard, 143–46,
150–51, 157

warfarin, 306

Washington-Williams, Essie Mae,
24, 124

Wayles, Martha, 225, 227, 238

Watson, James, 161

Webster, Daniel, 46

Webster, Thomas, 46

Weider, Johann Michael, 66

Weil, François, 39–46

Wellcome Trust Case Control
Consortium, 164

Wellcome Trust Centre for Human
Genetics, 161

Wesorts, 271

West, John, 105

Westerinen, Julia Jefferson, 232

Western, educated, industrialized,
rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies, 30

Western cultures, Eastern cultures compared with, 153–54

Westray, 159–61, 176–77

Wexler, Nancy, 288–89

wheat-growing cultures, 153–54

“Where To?” (Heinlein), 111, 126

Wild, Ed, 293

Williams, Sloan, 229–32

Williams, Zoe, 20

William the Conqueror, 118

Winkler, Wayne, 267–69, 271, 273, 275

Wirral, 193–95

Wisdom of Sirach, 34

Witherspoon, D. J., 237

Wixon, Clarence, 35

Wixon, Clinton, 35

women:

beliefs about differences between men and, 152–53

parents’-country-of-origin effect on, 154–56

in workforce, 153, 155, 157

Wood, Gordon S., 226

Woodson, Byron, 231

Woodson, Lewis, 230

Woodson, Thomas, 225, 227–31

Woodson family, 228–33

Woodward, Scott, 203–7, 223–24

World Value Survey, 152

World War I, 148, 260

World War II, 25, 65, 67, 105, 113, 116, 148, 260

Wozniak, Steve, 310

Würzburg, 148, 149

X chromosomes, 184, 201, 202, 216, 257

Y chromosomes, 163, 178, 184–86, 199, 200, 202, 204–7, 216, 221, 257, 261

copying mistakes in, 185

of Genghis Khan, 180–82, 195

of Hemings and Jefferson, 226–33

in Ireland, 195–96, 198, 200–201, 282

of MacLaren clan, 189–91

of Niall, 195–96

passing down of, 184–85, 193

of Robinson, 179–83

surnames and, 193–98, 200–201

Zinn, Howard, 85

*
All names in Roth’s study are pseudonyms.