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7
Melinda French Gates, “Malaria Forum Keynote Address,” transcript at Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation website, October 17, 2007,
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/speeches-commentary/Pages/melinda-french-gates-2007-malaria-forum.aspx
.
CHAPTER 12
1
“Counting Malaria Out,” Statement by Professor Awa Marie Coll-Seck, Executive Director, Roll Back Malaria Partnership, Delivered at Opening of Photo Exhibition “Malaria: Blood, Sweat and Tears,” United Nations Headquarters, April 22, 2010,
http://www.rbm.who.int/globaladvocacy/st2010-04-22.html
; Ray Chambers, “The Numbers Tell a Promising Story for World Malaria Day 2010,”
Financial Times
, April 22, 2010,
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a135a164-4ce6-11df-9977-00144feab49a.html
.
2
World Health Organization, “Summary,” World Malaria Report 2009,
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563901_eng.pdf
, p. viii.
3
P. J. Hotez and A. Kamath, “Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Disease Burden,”
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
3, no. 8 (2009): e412, doi:10.1371/ journal.pntd.0000412.
4
World Health Organization, “One Page Fact Sheet for World Malaria Report 2009,”
http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2009/factsheet/en/index.html
.
5
“Malaria 2010: More Ambition and Accountability Please,”
The Lancet
375, no. 9724, (2010): 1407,
http://image.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)60601-0/fulltext
.
6
Robert A. Guth, “Gates Rethinks His War on Polio,”
Wall Street Journal
, April 23, 2010,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303348504575184093239615022.html
.
7
Ibid.
8
Ibid.
9
S. L. Hoffman, P. F. Billingsley, E. James, A. Richman, M. Loyevsky, T. Li, S. Chakravarty, et al., “Development of a Metabolically Active, Non-Replicating Sporozoite Vaccine to Prevent Plasmdium Falciparum Malaria,”
Human Vaccines
6, no. 1 (2010): 97-106,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19946222
.
10
“Phase I Trial of Whole-Parasite Malaria Parasite to Begin,” press release, Sanaria and PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, April 23, 2009.
11
Richard Neustadt,
Presidential Power
(New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1960); Charles O. Jones, “Professional Reputation and the Neustadt Formulation,”
Presidential Studies Quarterly
, June 1, 2001,
http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-10431316_ITM
.
12
Warren Bennis, “Only the Optimists Survive,” Bloomberg Businessweek,
http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/may2009/ca20090518_917239.htm
.
13
Fifteen of the pictures from this event, by photographer Adam Nadel, can be seen at “Week in Review: Where Malaria Still Kills,”
New York Times
website,
http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/02/21/weekinreview/20100221-malaria-ss_2.html
.
14
Ibid., photo 2 of 15.
15
“Ophelia Dahl’s Commencement Address to the Wellesley College Class of 2006,”
http://www.wellesley.edu/PublicAffairs/Commencement/2006/ODahl.html
.
INDEX
Accountability
Acumen Fund
Advance Market Commitment
Affordability
of existing solutions
Hotez’s dollar a dose concept
importance for neglected diseases
as priority for global malaria community
Africa
clinical vaccine trials
logistical difficulties faced by researchers
with malaria as dominant disease
vaccine distribution considerations
See also
Childhood mortality from malaria
African trypanosomiasis
Agency for International Development, U.S. (USAID)
AIDS
compared to malaria
-fighting medicines
and plight of neglected diseases
AIDSRides
Alima
Alonso, Pedro
background
leads RTS,S research, trials
American Express
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)
America’s Promise
Amorphadiene
Amyris Biotechnologies
about
produces synthetic artemisinin
synthetic fuel production
Anopheline (Anopheles) mosquito
Army, U.S.
antimalaria drug and vaccine efforts
on malaria affecting combat efficiency
RTS,S vaccine
Army Research Laboratory, U.S.
The Art of War
(Sun Tzu)
Artemisinin drug treatment
costs and mass production
effectiveness
efforts to produce synthetically
metabolically engineered
resistance emerges
Artesunate counterfeit
Arthemeter
Atarran, Amir
Attenuated sporozoite vaccine
Ballou, Rip
background
creates, tests, RTS,S
research at GSK
Ban Ki-moon
Bangladesh
Barnes, Ethne
Barry, Michelle
Beare, Nick
Bed nets
mosquitoes’ resistance to
not long-term solution for malaria
as part of Millennium Development
produced in Tanzania
provided free vs. social marketing
public awareness
UNICEF program
universal coverage concept
Bennis, Warren
Bezanson, Thomas
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
See
Gates Foundation
Biosciences Energy Institute
Bird malaria
Black fever
Bloomberg, Michael
Bloomberg School of Public Health.
See also
Johns Hopkins School of Public Health; Malaria Research Institute
Bogotá, Colombia
BP plc
Bradach, Jeffrey
Breakthrough thinking leading to discoveries
character qualities
good is not good enough
Brewer, Tom
Brother Thomas.
See
Bezanson, Thomas
Brown, Gordon
Burke, Donald
Business travelers as market.
See
Travelers as markets for vaccines
Cambodia
Campbell, Kent
Canada, Geoffrey
Cardin, Benjamin
Carnegie, Andrew
Caroline Center, Baltimore
Carson, Rachel
Cause-related marketing
Celera Genomics
Center for Vaccine Development
Center on Wealth and Philanthropy
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Centre for Novel Agricultural Products
Cerebral malaria
Cerrell, Joe
Chagas’ disease
Chambers, Ray
Charge Against Hunger campaign
Charity.
See
Philanthropic organizations
Childhood hunger
Childhood mortality from malaria
in Africa
efforts require breakthrough thinking
portrayed in photographic exhibit
rates
Roepe on
symptoms described
China
Chloroquine
Circumsporozoite (CS) protein
Clinical trials of malaria vaccines
effectiveness measurements of RTS,S questioned
hotel phase
of LSA-1
monitored by WHO
and pharmaceutical companies
of RTS,S
Sanaria vaccine Phase I
of U.S. Army
of U.S. Navy
College Summit, Washington, D.C.
Coll-Seck, Awa Marie
Community wealth created by nonprofits
Community Wealth Ventures
Competition
among malaria researchers
among nonprofits
Cost considerations for disease control
DALYs of neglected diseases
developing countries vs. travelers market
economics of production, distribution
and increased public awareness
scaling drives down costs
See also
Affordability
Côte d’Ivoire
Creation Out of Clay
(Williams)
Creative capitalism philosophy (Gates)
Dahl, Ophelia
DALYs
Dari, Alima.
See
Alima
DDT spraying to control malaria
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Dengue fever
Department of Defense, U.S.
Department of Energy, U.S.
Department of State, U.S.
Deresiewicz, William
Disability adjusted life years.
See
DALYs
Diseases and Human Evolution
(Barnes)
Distribution of medicine and vaccines
of bed nets
complexity of
economics built into production
and OneWorld Health
through business relations with Africa
Doctors Without Borders
Doolan, Denise
Doolin, Wally
E. coli
fermentations for artemisinin production
Economic market gaps
filled by nonprofits
filled by philanthropy
filled by science/economics/ philanthropy
as growth capital for nonprofits
Edna McConnell Clark Foundation
Einstein, Albert
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation
Entrepreneurship.
See
Social entrepreneurship
Epstein, Judith
background
critical of RTS,S trials methodology
Eradication of malaria
delay of infection vs. prevention of infection
as impossible, naïve
Melinda Gates’s perspective
requires imagination, breakthrough thinking
requires political solutions, market mechanism
vs. medicinal treatment
See also
Vaccines for malaria
Ethiopia
Fagone, Jason
Failures of imagination
from focusing on symptoms not causes
as reasons for intractable problems
suffered in polio war
as underpinning of breakthrough thinking
Fauci, Anthony
FDA.
See
Food and Drug Administration
Fee-for-service nonprofit organizations
Field hospitals
Filarial parasite
Financial support for malaria control
GAVI and AMC
progress and dynamics
Ray Chambers’s perspective
See also
Cost considerations for disease control; Gates Foundation; Philanthropic organizations
Fisher Scientific
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S.
drug approval process
guarantees required from Sanaria
vaccine process
The Food Trust
Gandhi, Mahatma
Gates, Bill
on creative capitalism
on global diseases
on low incentives to serve poor people
on stretching market forces’ reach
Gates, Melinda, stands for eradicating malaria
Gates Foundation
addresses long-term market solutions
and Ballou
catalyzes global health
funds Amyris Biotechnologies
funds hookworm vaccine research
funds Institute for OneWorld Health
funds metabolically engineered artemisinin
funds Sanaria through MVI
as general contractor revitalizing anti-malaria efforts
and polio reemergence
Gaudi, Antonio
GAVI
Genentech
Genet, Jean
Genetic engineering
in Hotez’s hookworm vaccine
malaria-resistant mosquitoes
Genome mapping/genomics
and extraction of
Plasmodium falciparum
parasite
and faster sequencing
of human genome
of mosquito genome
for synthetic biology
Ghana
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)
Hoffman’s alternative malaria vaccine
RTS,S vaccine
vaccine effectiveness measurements questioned
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
Global health
advanced by breakthrough thinkers
catalyzed by Gates Foundation
individual disease strategies vs. broad health goals
R&D priorities
GM (genetically modified) mosquitoes.
See
Genetic engineering
Good, Michael
Good but not good enough philosophy
Goozner, Merrill
Gorgas, William Crawford
Grabowsky, Mark
Grand Challenges Exploration Grants
Greater Philadelphia Urban Affairs Coalition
Griffin, Diane
GSK.
See
GlaxoSmithKline
Guatemala
Haiti
Hale, Victoria
creates nonprofit pharmaceutical OneWorld Health
on increasing interest in neglected diseases
and Keasling, Hoffman
Harlem Children’s Zone
Harris, Chuck
Harvard School of Public Health
Hepatitis B vaccine
BOOK: The Imaginations of Unreasonable Men
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