The Historical David: The Real Life of an Invented Hero (39 page)

18
. For an overview of these long-recognized parallels, see John M. Monson, “The Temple of Solomon: Heart of Jerusalem,” in
Zion: City of Our God
(ed. R. S. Hess and G. J. Wenham; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999), 1–22.

19
. See Alt, “Formation,” 271–74; Baruch Halpern,
The Constitution of the Monarchy in Israel
(Harvard Semitic Monographs 25; Chico, CA: Scholars, 1981), 242–44.

20
. On the change from David’s military to Solomon’s, see Chris Hauer Jr., “The Economics of National Security in Solomonic Israel,”
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
18 (1980): 63–73.

21
. See G. Ernest Wright, “The Provinces of Solomon (1 Kings 4:7–19),”
Eretz-Israel
8 (1967): 58*–68*. The discovery of a set of ninth-century
BCE
administrative inscriptions from the northern capital of Samaria, however, makes clear that the tribal system was not completely obliterated by Solomon’s redistricting. See Lawrence E. Stager, “The Archaeology of the Family in Early Israel,”
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
260 (1985): 1–35 (at 24).

22
. The attribution to Solomon of the construction at these sites is hotly contested in archaeological circles. For an overview of this debate, see Israel Finkelstein, “The Archaeology of the United Monarchy: An Alternative View,”
Levant
28 (1996): 177–87, and Amihai Mazar, “Iron Age Chronology: A Response to Israel Finkelstein,”
Levant
29 (1997): 157–67.

23
. See Halpern,
David’s Secret Demons,
423–24.

24
. See Alt, “Formation,” 308: “The empire created by David and Solomon with such amazing speed [was] a swing of the political pendulum, which went too far, beyond the prevailing inclinations and capabilities of the people of Palestine at the time.”

Conclusion

  1
. On the distinction of 1 Kings 1–2 from the rest of the David story, see P. Kyle McCarter,
II Samuel
(Anchor Bible 9; New York: Doubleday, 1984), 12–13; Henry Wansbrough, “The Finale of the Davidic Succession Narrative?,” in
Biblical and Near Eastern Essays
(ed. C. McCarthy and J. F. Healey; Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement Series 375; London: T&T Clark, 2004), 37–56.

  2
. See James W. Flanagan, “Social Transformation and Ritual in 2 Samuel 6,” in
The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth
(ed. C. L. Meyers and M. O’Connor; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1983), 361–72: “Legitimacy [is] the primary, indispensable stabilizer for new authority structures and . . . the need to legitimate is especially pressing when the new structures do not rest easily upon traditional values” (364).

  3
.
b. Šabb.
56a. This is admittedly a minority opinion.

SCRIPTURE INDEX

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OLD TESTAMENT

Genesis:
4:25,
229;
9:6,
259;
23,
174;
29–30,
226;
34,
192;
34:19,
73;
37:14–17,
109;
39,
192

Exodus
, 165–166;
20:21,
171;
21:12,
259;
21:14,
240, 244;
29:42–43,
171;
29:45,
171

Leviticus:
15,
222;
21:17–25,
149;
26:4,
145;
26:10–34,
153;
26:19–20,
145

Numbers
, 166;
13–14,
120;
20:28,
72;
21,
182;
32,
185

Deuteronomy
, 95, 165–166;
11:1,
242;
21:23,
107;
22:22,
79;
24:4,
79;
26:17,
242;
28:12,
145;
29:8,
242;
31:6,
242

Joshua:
6:21,
85;
9,
146, 147;
9:7,
159;
13:13,
189;
14:13,
120;
15:17,
91;
15:63,
158;
18:1,
166

Judges:
1:19,
51;
9:5,
111;
9:45,
89;
9:53–54,
111;
13:5,
52;
15:9,
58;
16:30,
52;
18,
51;
19–20,
107

1 Samuel
, 11–12;
1:3,
166;
3:20,
185;
4,
167;
4:12–18,
111;
4–7,
52;
6,
58;
7:13,
55;
7:14,
55;
8:11,
199, 249;
8:15,
199, 250;
8:17,
250;
10:6–7,
67;
10:11–12,
67;
10:17–24,
36–37;
10:23–24,
150;
11,
181;
13:2,
57;
13:3,
57;
13:14,
6, 20;
14:6–15,
57;
14:45,
57;
14:47,
60, 183;
14:47–48,
53;
14:50,
78;
14:52,
52;
15:3,
199, 200;
15:4,
200;
15:6,
200;
15:12,
200;
16,
18, 22–23, 25–26, 29, 35, 41, 43, 46–47, 92–93, 105;
16:1–13,
36;
16:7,
37, 150;
16:12,
150;
16:13,
36;
16:14,
35;
16:18,
23, 24;
16:21,
75;
17,
18, 23–25, 26, 41, 46–47, 92–93;
17:1,
40, 58–59;
17:4,
38;
17:7,
38;
17:12,
23;
17:13–14,
23;
17:15,
24;
17:17–18,
23–24;
17:33,
24;
17:45,
21;
17:55,
24–25;
18,
25;
18:1,
73;
18:2,
25;
18:4,
70;
18:5,
53, 57;
18:6,
62;
18:7,
53, 61;
18:8,
62;
18:13,
57;
18:14,
53;
18:15–16,
61;
18:16,
53, 75;
18:18,
75;
18:20,
75;
18:23,
75;
18:30,
53;
18–20,
47;
19:1,
73;
19:4,
61;
19:8,
53;
19:24,
66;
20:13–16,
71;
20:31,
68;
21,
84;
22:1,
86;
22:2,
86;
22:6,
49;
22:7–8,
77;
22:19,
84;
23:1,
88;
23:5,
87;
23:7,
88;
23:26,
90;
24,
92;
24:7,
93;
25,
7–8, 94;
25:5,
95;
25:10,
95;
25:11,
95;
25:43,
78;
25:44,
65;
26,
92;
26:9–11,
93;
26:10,
105;
27:4,
100;
27:7,
104;
27:8,
101;
27:9,
101;
27:10,
122;
28:1,
105;
28:2,
105;
29:3,
104, 108;
29:5,
108;
30:19,
109;
30:26–31,
121, 122

2 Samuel
, 11–12;
1:10,
110;
1:14,
113;
1:16,
113;
1:19,
114;
1:23,
114;
1:25,
114;
1:26,
73;
1:27,
114;
2:1–4,
118;
2:4,
124;
2:5–9,
128–130;
2:12–13,
147;
2:23,
131;
2:24,
131–132;
3,
189, 190;
3:1,
132;
3:2–5,
188;
3:9–12,
133;
3:21,
136;
3:22,
137;
3:23,
137;
3:28,
136;
3:29,
136;
3:37,
137, 209;
3:39,
136;
4:1,
138;
4:8,
138;
4:10–11,
139;
5,
189;
5:3,
141;
5:11,
164;
5:17,
141;
5:24,
142;
6:1–2,
168;
6:18,
170;
6:19,
170;
6:23,
190;
7,
234, 242;
7:11–12,
176;
7:16,
4, 176, 255;
8,
179–185, 201;
8:3–13,
181;
8:14,
183;
8:16–18,
162;
9:1,
151;
9:6,
151;
9:7,
151;
9:10,
152;
10,
181;
11:1,
57;
11:4,
222;
11:5,
223;
11:14,
224;
11:25,
224;
12,
189;
12:7,
224;
12:8,
80;
12:9,
224;
12:11,
202, 205;
12:13–14,
226;
12:22–23,
224;
12:26,
182;
12:31,
182;
13,
193;
13:28,
193;
14:25,
198;
15:1,
198;
15:16,
202;
16:3,
214;
16:4,
215;
16:8,
203–204;
16:9,
204;
16:18,
204;
17:23,
241;
18:5,
209;
18:8,
208;
18:17,
190;
19:1,
208;
19:3,
209;
19:14,
213;
19:15,
213;
19:31,
215;
19:44,
216;
20:1,
216;
21:1,
144, 145, 148;
21:8,
78;
21:14,
148;
21:19,
38;
22,
18;
22:1,
32;
22:15–22,
39;
23:8–12,
39;
23:18,
39;
23:20–21,
39;
24:2,
185;
24:7,
113;
26:11,
113

1 Kings
, 15, 253;
1:1,
230;
1:4,
230;
1:5,
231;
1:6,
231;
1:12,
233;
1:17,
235;
1:21,
235;
1:30,
236;
1:34,
236;
1:39–40,
237;
1:47,
238;
2:22,
244;
2:46,
245;
3:1,
65;
5:3,
97;
5:5,
185;
9:26,
183;
12:4,
251;
12:28,
172;
14:8,
255;
16:9,
69;
16:16,
69

2 Kings
, 15;
2:4,
255;
2:13–15,
72;
10:30,
144;
18:8,
54;
25:29,
152

1 Chronicles
, 15;
11:13,
40;
15:17,
28;
16:7,
18;
16:42,
28–29;
18:2,
185;
18:15–17,
162;
20:5,
38

2 Chronicles
, 15;
20:19,
29;
21:4,
194

Psalms
, 19–20, 27–35;
3:1,
30;
11,
28;
14,
31;
18,
18, 32;
22:1,
19;
23,
3;
27:4,
151;
31:6,
19;
39,
27;
42,
27;
42:5,
151;
44–49,
27;
48:10,
151;
50,
27;
51:20,
31;
53,
31, 151;
65:5,
151;
66:13,
151;
66–67,
27–28;
69:36,
31;
72,
27, 30–31;
73–83,
27;
74:7–8,
31;
76,
28;
79:6–7,
31;
84–85,
27;
85,
28;
86,
31;
87–88,
27;
90,
27;
102,
27;
116:19,
151;
117:26,
151;
127,
27;
137,
31, 177;
137:1,
31;
137:7,
31;
144:13,
62