The Greek & Latin Roots of English (52 page)

gubernator, gubernatoris = pilot

H

haereo-haerēre-haesum = stick, cling

heres, heredis = heir

hiatus, hiatūs = opening, cleft

hibernus, hiberni = wintry

homo, hominis = man

hora, horae = hour

horreo-horrēre = shudder

hortor-hortari-hortatum = urge

hospes, hospitis = host, guest; stranger

hostis, hostis = enemy

hybrida = mixed breed

I

id = it

idem = same

ignis, ignis = fire

ileum, ilei = flank

imago, imaginis = image, copy

imbecillum, imbecilli = weak

imperium, imperii = power, command

impero-imperare-imperatum = order

in = in, into

in- = not

inauguro-inaugurare-inauguratum = take signs from the flight of birds

individuum, individui = not separable

inertia, inertiae = laziness

infamia, infamiae = dishonor, disgrace

ingenium, ingenii = inborn characteristic

inimicus, inimici = unfriendly

insania, insaniae = madness

insectum, insecti = notched, cut

insula, insulae = island

intellego-intellegere-intellectum = grasp, understand; distinguish

inter = between

intestinum, intestini = inward, internal

intra = within

iter, itineris = route; journey

J

jacio-jacere-jactum = throw, hurl

jejunum, jejuni = arid, dry

judex, judicis = judge

jugulum, juguli = throat

jungo-jungere-junctum = join

jus, juris = law

juvenis, juvenis = youth

L

labor-laborari-laboratum = work

labor-labi-lapsum = slip

lac, lactis = milk

lacus, lacūs = lake

lapis, lapidus = stone

lascivum, lascivi = playful, wanton

legio, legionis = legion

lego-legere-lectum = choose, read

lenis, lenis = smooth, soft; mild

levis, levis = light

levo-levare-levatum = lift

lex, legis = law

liber, liberi = free

liber, libri = book

libero-liberare-liberatum = set free

libertas, libertatis = freedom

libido, libidinis = desire, longing

ligo-ligare-ligatum = tie

limen, liminis = threshold

lingua, linguae = tongue

liquidum, liquidi = melted

liquor-liqui = flow, melt

littera, litterae = letter; literature (pl.)

loquor-loqui-locutum = speak

lucrum, lucri = profit, advantage

ludo-ludere-lusum = play; mock

ludus, ludi = game, sport

lumen, luminis = light

luna, lunae = moon

lux, lucis = light

luxuria, luxuriae = excess

lympha, lymphae = water; fluid

M

magister, magistri = teacher (male) and magistra, magistrae (female)

magnus, magni = large

major, majoris = larger

malum, mali = bad

mando-mandare-mandatum = order

manus, manūs = hand

mappa, mappae = cloth, napkin; map

mare, maris = sea

margo, marginis = edge

maritus, mariti = husband

mater, matris = mother

materia, materiae = substance, matter

matrimonium, matrimonii = marriage

matrona, matronae = married woman

maximum, maximi = greatest, largest

medicus, medici = doctor

medium, medii = middle; in the open

melior, melioris = better

memor, memoris = mindful

mendax, mendacis = lying

mens, mentis = mind

mensis, mensis = month

mercor-mercari-mercatum = buy

mereor-merēri-meritum = earn, deserve

mergo-mergere-mersum = sink, dive into

merx, mercis = goods, wares

miles, militis = soldier

mille = thousand

minimum, minimi = least

minor, minoris = smaller

minus = less

miror-mirari-miratum = wonder at

mitto-mittere-missum = send

modus, modi = measure; manner

moles, molis = mass

moneo-monēre-monitum = warn

mons, montis = mountain

monumentum, monumenti = monument

mordeo-mordēre-morsum = bite

morior-mori-mortuum = die

mors, mortis = death

mos, moris = custom; character (pl.)

moveo-movēre-motum = move

multus, multi = much (pl., many)

mundus, mundi = world

municipium, municipii = town

munus, muneris = office, duty; reward

murus, muri = wall

mus, muris = mouse

muto-mutare-mutatum = change

N

nascor-nasci-natum = be born

nasus, nasi = nose

natura, naturae = nature

nauta, nautae = sailor

navis, navis = ship

nebula, nebulae = cloud

negotium, negotii = business

nervus, nervi = nerve

neutrum, neutri = neither

niger, nigri = black

nihil = nothing

nimbus, nimbi = cloud

nix, nivis = snow

nomen, nominis = name

nomino-nominare-nominatum = name

non = not

nonus, noni = ninth

novem = nine

novum, novi = new

nox, noctis = night

nubo-nubere-nuptum = marry

nucleus, nuclei = kernel

nullus, nullius = none

numerus, numeri = number

nuntio-nuntiare-nuntiatum = announce

nupta, nuptae = bride

nutrio-nutrire-nutritum = feed, nourish; raise

nux, nucis = nut

O

ob = to; against

obsolesco-obsolescere-obsoletum = wear out, decay

octavus, octavi = eighth

octo = eight

oculus, oculi = eye

odium, odii = hatred

omen, ominis = omen

omnis, omnis = every, all

ops, opis = wealth

optimum, optimi = best

opto-optare-optatum = hope for

opus, operis = work

ordo, ordinis = rank, order

origo, originis = source, beginning

orior-oriri-ortum = rise

oro-orare-oratum = speak; pray

os, oris = mouth

os, ossis = bone

otium, otii = leisure

P

pagus, pagi = country district

pars, partis = part

patella, patellae = small pan; kneecap

pater, patris = father

patior-pati-passum = suffer, endure

pauci = few

pax, pacis = peace

pecco-peccare-peccatum = sin

peculium, peculii = private property

pecunia, pecuniae = money

pejor, pejoris = worse

pello-pellere-pulsum = strike

pendo-pendere-pensum = hang

per = through

percutio-percutire-percussum = strike, push

periculum, periculi = danger

persona, personae = mask

pes, pedis = foot

pessimum, pessimi = worst

peto-petere-petitum = seek, strive; ask for

pigmentum, pigmenti = color

pingo-pingere-pictum = represent, paint

pinna, pinnae = feather; wings

piscis, piscis = fish

pituita, pituitae = phlegm

plagio-plagiare-plagiatum = steal

planus = even, level

plaudo-plaudere-plausum = strike; clap

plebs, plebis = the common people

plico-plicare-plicatum = fold

plumbum, plumbi = lead

plus, pluris = more

pluvia, pluviae = rain

poeta, poetae = poet

pono-ponere-positum = put, place

pontifex, pontificis = priest

populus, populi = people

porta, portae = door

portentum, portenti = omen, sign

porto-portare-portatum = carry

post = after

postulo-postulare-postulatum = demand, claim; request

potens, potentis = powerful

potentia, potentiae = power, force

potio-potionis = drink

prae = before

praesto = ready, available

premo-premere-pressum = press

pretium, pretii = price

primum, primi = first

princeps, principis = chief, leader

proficio-proficere-profectum = gain, be of use; make headway

profiteor-profitēri-professum = declare openly; announce

proles, prolis = children, descendants

propago-propagare-propagatum = extend, enlarge

proprium, proprii = one's own

prurio-prurire-pruritum = itch, burn

pudeo-pudēre-puditum = feel shame

pungo-pungere-punctum = pierce, bite

puer, pueri = boy, child

pugno-pugnare-pugnatum = fight

pulchrum, pulchri = beautiful

pulmo, pulmonis = lung

pungo-pungere-punctum = pierce; sting

pupa, pupae = little girl

pupus, pupi = little boy

puto-putare-putatum = think, consider

Q

quaero-quaerere-quaesitum = seek, ask

qualis, qualis = of what sort

quantum, quanti = how much

quartum, quarti = fourth

quasi = as if

quattuor = four

quiesco-quiescere-quietum = rest

quinque = five

quintum, quinti = fifth

quot = how many?

R

radix, radicis = root

rapio-rapere-raptum = seize

in compounds = -ripere, -reptum

rarum, rari = rare

ratio, rationis = plan; reason

recipio-recipere-receptum = take back

rectum, recti = straight

rego-regere-rectum = rule

religio, religionis = religion

remedium, remedii = cure

renum, reni = kidney

reptilis, reptilis = crawling

repudium, repudii = divorce

retro = back, backward

revertor-reverti-reversum = turn back

rex, regis = king

rigeo-rigēre = grow hard

rubrum, rubri = red

rudis, rudis = rough, uncultivated

rumpo-rumpere-ruptum = break

rus, ruris = countryside

S

saccus, sacci = purse

sacrum, sacri = holy

saeculum, saeculi = generation

sal, salis = salt

salax, salacis = lustful

salus, salutis = health

sanctum, sancti = holy

sanguis, sanguinis = blood

sanum, sani = healthy

scio-scire-scitum = know

scribo-scribere-scriptum = write

sculpo-sculpere-sculptum = form, fashion

seco-secare-sectum = cut

secundum, secundi = second