The Faerie Queene (120 page)

11 4
care of credite: concern for honour.

12 4
reare: take.

12 7–9
Am. 6.517–19suggests that Helen behaved similarly at the destruc- tion of Troy.

13 3
tyn'd: kindled.

14 6
Idoles: i.e., his money. Malbecco worships Mammon. See 11.6.

17 6
doole: dole, grief.

19 4
takes in hond: undertakes.

19 5
endlong: continuously,

20 8
houed: waited.

21 8
resemble: think similar to.

22 8 scerne: discern.

22 9
Belamour: French: ‘lover'.

23 5
arere: back.

23 9
low louted on the lay: i.e., bowed low on the ground.

24 5
quooke: quaked.

25 4
ypaid: pleased.

28 8
albe I simple such: i.e., although I am so lowly.

29 1
bouget: pouch.

29 5
nempt: named.

30 4
rownded: whispered.

30 8
courage: noble anger (ironic here).

31 1
Doucepere: champion. Charlemagne's twelve peers were called fe' douze pairs (the twelve peers).

31 9
massie mucks: i.e., money's.

32 5
Sanglamort: French: ‘bloody death'.

33 1
blith: happy.

33 3
sith: times.

33 6
stolen steed: Braggadocchio stole Guyon's horse in n.3. It is not returned until V.3.

35 6
Faragone: mistress.

35 7
filcht her bels: hawking image. Bells were attached to the legs of hawks, even in flight. Paridell has removed her restraints.

36 3
weft: waif.

38 2
keepe of: i.e., responsibility for.

38 5
sell: saddle.

38 8
whom… kend: i.e., when he knew that Paridell was gone.

42 3
greaue: thicket.

44 ff
These satyrs, introduced by the sound of bagpipes, a common symbol for sexual indulgence or lechery, are behaving as literary satyrs do, unlike die satyrs Spenser introduces in 1.6.

44 7
red: proclaimed, bestowed.

45 8
brouzes: young shoots.

46 1
trusse: pack up.

46 3
busse: kiss.

46 5
shed: pour over.

47 4
Malbecco's horns are the traditional horns of the cuckold.

48 5
come aloft: achieve sexual climax.

48 9
ring his matins bell: slang for sexual climax.

53 5
reare: steal.

54 7
bestad: beset.

55 9
Snake: associated with jealousy. See canto 11.1-2.

57 2
forpined: wasted.

59 2
pasture: food.

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1 1
Snake: Jealousy is generally a branch of Envy, one of whose most common attributes was a snake. Classical sources are Am. 7.341-SS and Met. 4495 ff. See also description in L4.31 and notes.

I 4
tine: anguish. a 9 Turtle: turtle-dove.

3 I
as earst ye red: in canto
IO.I.

3 6
Ollyphant:
see canto 7.47–50and notes.

3 8
Squire of Dames:
his story is told in canto 7.37-61.

4 ff Spenser is imitating Tasso,
Rinaldo
5.

5 2
ensew: pursue, follow.

S 5
bace: see note to V.8.5.4.

5 8
Roe: female deer.

6 5
apply: direct.

7 2
sheare: clear.

7 7
winged boy: Cupid.

7 8
Depeincted: depicted, pictured, painted.

8 5
inuade: intrude on.

10 7
Busirane:
name adapted from Ovid,
Ars Atnatoria,
1.643-58, where the Egyptian king, Busiris, is noted for his cruelty. See Roche,
Kindly Flame,
pp. 81-2.

10 8
seuen monethes: see IV. 11.4.76-9.

11 5
Scudamore:
French: ‘shield of love'.

12 1
singulfes: sobs. Spenser's regular spelling of'singults' (Latin:
singultus).

12 2
empeach: hinder.

13 4
mistooke: i.e., supposed.

13 7
Abiecting: throwing.

14 5
prepense: consider.

14 7
values: i.e., valour's.

16 6
in ward: in power.

16 7
leare: lore.

17 4
yold: yielded. The winning of Amoret is told in IV.10.

18 1
hersall: tale.

20 8
mountenaunce: distance.

21–5
Spenser may be alluding to similar walls of flame in Tasso,
Rinaldo
5.58–61and
GL
13.34-5. The flames cannot harm if the knight understands what they are, as Britomart does.

21 4
ward: porter.

22 8
th'Earthes children: the Titans.

23 3
dempt: deemed, judged.

24 6
cheuisaunce: enterprise.

24 9
i.e., than to retreat because of fear from praiseworthy undertakings.

25 8
ymolt: melted.

27 4
woodnesse: madness, effierced: angered.

27 8
vtmost: outermost, formest: foremost.

28–46
The source of this passage is the tapestry of Arachne in
Met.
6.103-28. The context of the Ovidian passage is the weaving contest between Minerva and Arachne. Minerva's tapestry shows figures of peace and order with subsidiary figures warning against presumption (lines
70-102); Arachne pictures the deceitful loves of the gods. Spenser elaborates on Ovid but follows him closely, expecting his reader to recognize the source and its context. The arithmological structure of the passage is discussed by Fowler,
Triumphal Forms,
pp. 47-58.

28 2
arras: tapestry.

29 9
kesars: caesars, emperors.

30 5
Helle:
Helle and her brother Phrixus were carried away from the fury of Ino by a golden ram; Helle fell into the water, henceforth called after her the Hellespont (Ovid,
Fasti
3.849-76), See V. Proem s. No classical authority exists for Jove's turning himself into a ram to love Helle. He did, however, change himself into a ram to avoid the anger of the giant Typhoeus.

30 6
Europe: Jove assumed the shape of a bull to seduce Europa, daughter of Agenor and sister of Cadmus. See
Met.
2.833-3.5 and V. Proem 5.9.

31 2
Danaë:
Danae, imprisoned in a tower by her father, was seduced by Jove in the form of a shower of gold. The child of this union was Perseus.

32 2
Leda:
Jove became a swan to seduce Leda, who through the union became the mother of Castor and Pollux and (some authorities say) Helen of Troy.

33 1
Thebane Semelee:
Juno, jealous of Jove's attentions to Semele, daughter of Cadmus, urged her to ask Jove to visit her fully revealed in his power; he appeared armed with his thunderbolts and lightning, which burned her to death. The unborn Bacchus was sewn into Jove's thigh whence he was delivered three months later.

33 6
Alcmena:
Alcmena, mother of Hercules, was deceived by Jove in the form of her husband Amphitryon. The' three nights in one' is referred to again in
Epithalamion

33 6-9,
reflecting the commentary of Natalis Comes, 6.1.

34 1
Eagles shape: Asterie, to avoid the advances of Jove, changed herself into a quail, whereupon he became an eagle.

34 3
scape: no such usage given in
OED.

34 4
Troiane
boy so faire: Ganymede became the cup-bearer of the gods after Jove, disguised as an eagle, stole him away (Met. 10.155-61).

35 1
Antiopa:
Antiope, daughter of Nycteus. Apollodorus,
Bibliotheca

3.5.5, mentions that Jove loved Antiope. In 3.10.1 he says that Jove was father of her children Zethus and Amphion. The details of the next four lines are taken directly from
Met.
6.110-14.

35 2
Aegin':
Aegina, daughter of Asopus, bore Aeacus to Jove, according to Hyginus,
Fabulae
52.

35 3
Mnemosyne:
Jove slept with Mnemosyne, goddess of memory, and begot the nine Muses.

35 4
Thracian
mayd: Proserpina, called ‘Deoida' in
Met.
6.114, i.e., the daughter of Ceres, the daughter of Deo.

36 3
that boy: Cupid.

36 4
Apollo revealed to the gods the adultery of Mars and Venus (Met.4–171ff)-36 5 meynt: mingled.

36 6
leaden dart: Ovid tells that Cupid has two kinds of arrows, one tipped with gold (success in love), one tipped with lead (failure in love). See
Met. 1.466-71.

36 7
Daphne:
daughter of Peneus, fled Apollo's advances and through her prayers to Diana was turned into the laurel tree, with which both poets and emperors are crowned
{Met.
1.450-567).

37 1
lusty
Hyacinct:
handsome Hyacinthus, a youth of Sparta, beloved by Apollo, who accidentally killed him in a game of quoits. A flower sprang from his blood
(Met.
10.162 ff).

37 2
Coronis:
the story of Coronis's death because of Apollo's jealousy is told in
Met.
2.542-632. The legend is the basis of Chaucer's ‘Manciple's Tale
^,
.

37 5
Paunce: pansy.

37 9
teene: woe.

38 1
owne deare sonne: Phaethon, son of Apollo and Clymene, died when he was unable to control Apollo's chariot
(Met.
2.1-400). Phaethon
^,
s rash act, which almost destroyed the world, was traditionally interpreted in the Middle Ages and Renaissance as pride and presumption against recognized authority.

39 1
Isse:
Isse, daughter of Macareus, was loved by Apollo disguised as a shepherd. Spenser adds the more familiar story of Apollo's serving as cowherd to Admetus (Hyginus,
Fabuloe
50). 39 3–4cowheard: Spenser may intend a pun on coward.

39 7–8
Lyon… Hag… faulcon: the transformation of Apollo to a lion and to a hawk are mentioned explicitly in
Met.
6.122-3. The transformation to a hag has not been identified, and some editors emend to
stag;
Spenser may be referring to the haggard, an untamed hawk.

40 9
Hippodames:
sea-horses.

41 9
Bisaltis:
Theophane, daughter of Bisaltes, was loved by Neptune in the form of a ram according to Hyginus,
Fabulae
188.

42 1
Iphimedia:
Neptune came in the form of a flowing river, Enipeus, to Iphimedia, wife of Aloeus.

42 2
Ante:
Neptune is also said to have made love to Arne, daughter of Aeolus. See IV.9.23.

42 5
Deucalions
daughter: Melantho, to whom Neptune came in the form of a dolphin.

42 8
Medusa:
Neptune begot Pegasus when he seduced Medusa in the temple of Minerva.

43 1
Satume:
Saturn, the most remote and malevolent of gods and planets, is not ordinarily associated with love. The source is
Met.
6.126.

43 4–7
Erigone… Philliras:
there is no evidence for Saturn's relation to Erigone, but Hyginus,
Fabulae
138, discusses his love for Philyra, who appears in line 7. From this union came Chiron the centaur, which is probably the reason that Saturn assumed this shape. Erigone and Bacchus, the god of wine, are linked in Hyginus,
Fabulae
130, but not sexually as in Spenser.
Met.
6.125 says simply that Bacchus tricked Erigone with a false bunch of grapes.

44 7
horrid: bristly (Latin:
horridus).

45 8
eath: easy.

46 5
Dan: Master.

46 8
rayled: flowed.

46 9
feyld: deceived (Latin:
fallen).

47 3
passing: surpassing.

47 7
Pauone:
peacock (Latin:
pavo).

47 8
bis:
goddess of the rainbow. The images of peacock and rainbow are used by Tasso to describe the beauty of the temptress Armida
(GL
16.24).

48 1
Blindfold: Cupid is traditionally blind, his eyes covered with a blind- fold. For the development of the tradition see E. Panofsky, ‘Blind Cupid' in
Studies in Iconology
(Harper Torchbooks, pp. 95-128).

48 4
lead… gold: see note to 36.6.

51 2
by many partes: by much.

51 5
Antickes: grotesque sculpture.

52 6
hauberques: coats of mail.

52 7
bayes: laurel crowns.

53 2
ordinance: arrangement, order.

55 8
sickernesse: safety.

55 9
welpointed: well appointed and/or sharp.

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